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1. on university campuses in europe, mass socialist or communist movements gave rise to increasingly violent clashes between the establishment and the college students, with their new and passionate commitment to freedom and justice. ?
suggested answer:
在欧洲的大学学校里，大学生以新的姿势和热情投入到争夺安适和正义的作业中去，大规划的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益晋级的暴力冲突。
2. these days political, social and creative awakening seems to happen not because of college, but in spite of it. of course, its true that higher education is still important. for example, in the uk, prime minister blair was close to achieving his aim of getting 50 per cent of all under thirties into college by 2010 (even though a cynic would say that this was to keep them off the unemployment statistics). ?
suggested answer:
如今，政治、社会和创造知道的觉悟如同不是凭仗大学的助力，而是打破其阻力才发生的。当然，一点不假，高级教育仍然重要。例如，在英国，布莱尔辅弼几乎完成了到2010年让50％的30岁以下的人上大学的方针（即便嫉恶如仇的人会说，这是要把他们打扫在赋闲计算数据之外）。
3. i never hoped to understand the nature of my generation or how american colleges are changing by going to lit theory classes. this is the class where you look cool, a bit sleepy from too many late nights and wearing a t-shirt with some ironic comment such as . ?
suggested answer:
我从没盼望经过上文学理论课来晓得我这一代人的特征，或晓得美国大学在如何改变。这门课是让你在课堂上扮酷的——带着一丝熬夜太多的困劲儿，穿戴一件t恤衫，上面印着“去过那儿，干过那事儿，对，这就是那件t恤衫”，或比方此类带有揶揄意味的诙谐话。
4. were a generation that comes from what has been called the short century (1914–1989), at the end of a century of war and revolution which changed civilizations, overthrew repressive governments, and left us with extraordinary opportunities and privilege, more than any generation before. ?
suggested answer:
咱们这一代人来自所谓的短世纪（1914－1989），生于这今后期。这个世纪充溢了战争和改造，它改动了人类文明，推翻了强权政府，给咱们留下了非同寻常的机缘和特权。咱们所得到的机缘与特权比从上一任何一代人都要多。
done with this task.
5 translate the sentences into english
1. 政府采纳的一系列办法不但没有化解敌对，反倒激起更多的暴力冲突。对立党联合工会建议了一次大停工，究竟致使政府的倒台。 (give rise to; form an alliance with; launch; bring about) ?
suggested answer:
instead of resolving contradictions, the series of measures taken by the government gave rise to more violent clashes. the opposition formed an alliance with the trade unions and launched a general strike, which ultimately brought about the downfall of the government.
2. 如今，大学与实际世界的间隔越来越小，学生也变得越来越实践。早年，大学是一个象牙塔，专家寻求的是学问本身而不是把学问作为抵达意图的办法，但这样的年代现已一去不复返了。(shrink; gone are the days; a means to an end) ?
suggested answer:
nowadays, the gap between the university and the real world is shrinking and students are becoming more and more practical. gone are the days when the university was an ivory tower in which scholars pursued knowledge as an end rather than a means to an end.
3. 我从未盼望靠上课来学好这门课。但我的确去听课，因为在课上我能晓得这门课的要点，学会如何组织材料、如何推理。(hope; the place where) ?
suggested answer:
i never hoped to learn the subject well by attending those lectures. but i did go to lectures, for it was the place where i could get the important points of the course and learn how to organize materials and how to reason.
4. 我一向想方设法处置这个难题，但就是找不到满足的答案。可是当我去厨房喝饮料的时分，我俄然间灵机一动，知道处处置疑问的办法实践上可以很简略。(work out; click) ?
suggested answer:
although i have been trying every means to solve the problem, i cannot work out a satisfactory solution. but when i went to the kitchen to get a drink, something clicked and made me realize that the solution might be quite simple.
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unit 2
1. such motor mimicry, as it is called, is the original technical sense of the word empathy as it was first used in the 1920s by e. b. titchener, an american psychologist. titcheners theory was that empathy stemmed from a sort of physical imitation of the distress of another, which then evokes the same feelings in oneself.
suggested answer:
这种所谓的运动神经仿照就是“同感”的初始技能意义，而“同感”这个词于20世纪20年代由美国心思学家e.b.铁钦纳初度运用。铁钦纳的理论是：同感发自对别人苦楚的一种身体仿照，这种仿照继而在本身致使相同的心思感触。
?2. he sought a word that would be distinct from sympathy, which can be felt for the general plight of another with no sharing whatever of what that other person is feeling. motor mimicry fades from toddlerss pain is different from their own, and are better able to comfort them.
suggested answer:
他其时在寻找一个与怜惜有所差异的词；怜惜是关于别人的一般窘境而发的，无须分管别人的任何感触。成人两岁半支配就逐渐不再有运动神经仿照行为，那时他们领会识到别人的苦楚与自个的不一样，会更有才能抚慰别人。
3. i also love the split-second shocked expression on the new people, the hasty smiles and their best imitations of what they think of as their s closer to them.
suggested answer:
我也喜爱生人脸上那片刻间的震动表情、匆忙的浅笑和他们极力装出的“正常气色”。假定他们这套典礼做得够好，我就会轻轻转过头，把头发掖到离他们较近的那只耳朵后边。
4. , and i had to lean in much, much closer to be able to continue reading his lips in the semi-darkness. and read his lips i did.
suggested answer:
我告诉他说：“我根柢上只读语，因为这比用手语更简略，但这不是我一向盯着你的嘴唇的仅有缘由。”他大笑起来。咱们又说了一会儿话。后来，主人扩展音乐的音量，调暗“舞池”的灯火；我不得不接近他，近得多得多，以便能在昏私自接着读他的唇语。我的确读到了他的唇语。
translate the sentences into english.??
1. 一看见抽屉里的那些老相片，我的眼泪就涌了出来。它们让我想起了我跟爷爷奶奶、父亲母亲、兄弟姐妹一同日子的夸姣韶光。(the moment; well up)
suggested answer:
the moment i saw those old photos in the drawer, tears welled up in my eyes, for my memory went back to the days when i lived happily with my grandparents, my parents and my brothers and sisters.
2. 有个学生踩到地上的一滩水滑倒了。周围的人反应各异，有的关怀肠走上前去看他是不是受伤了、能为他做点啥；有的则站在一边不知所措；有的爽性就不睬。(diverge from; approach; confuse over; tune out)
suggested answer:
when a student slipped on a pool of water and fell over, people while others just tuned out.
3. 上星期六上午，我像往常相同去超市购物。我刚要翻开车门，却发现没带钱包。我只好回家去找，可是哪儿也找不到。(do the usual; do nothing but; fail to do)
suggested answer:
last saturday morning, i did the usual and went shopping in the supermarket. when i was about to open the door of my car, i found that i did not have my wallet on me. i could do nothing but go back home in search of it, but i failed to find it anywhere.
?4. 我上大学二大学的时分，咱们班有个同学得到的生日礼物是一辆赤色的遥控车。咱们我们只需仰慕的份，却不能也去买一辆，因为那种遥控车很贵，而且仍是在香港买的，那时分在咱们看来香港和纽约相同遥不可以及。(could only; as far as)
suggested answer:
when i was a second grader, one of my classmates got a red radio-controlled toy car as a birthday gift. the rest of us could only admire, but could not imitate, because the car was expensive and was bought in hong kong, a place which seemed to us as far away as new york at that time.
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unit 3
1. that was the strapline of the 2002 film catch me if you can, which tells the story of frank abagnale, jr. (leonardo dicaprio), a brilliant young master of deception who at different times impersonated a doctor, a lawyer, and an airplane pilot, forging checks worth more than six million dollars in 26 countries. he became the youngest man to ever make the fbis most-wanted list for forgery.
suggested answer:
这是2002年的影片《有种来抓我》的剧情简介。影片叙说了小弗兰克?阿巴格纳尔（莱昂纳多?迪卡普里奥扮演）的故事。影片主人公是一位聪明绝顶的年青骗术大师，曾在不一起间扮演医生、律师和飞翔员的人物，在26个国家编造了价值600万美元以上的支票。他成了联邦查询局有史以来编造罪头号通缉令名单上最年青的通缉犯。
2. since 2003, identity theft has become increasingly common. few people could imagine how important things like taking mail to the post office and not leaving it in the mailbox for pickup, shredding documents instead of throwing them out with the trash, even using a pen costing a couple of bucks, have become to avoid life-changing crimes.
suggested answer:
2003年以来，身份盗窃案变得越来越常见。很稀有人会愿望到，为了避免这种改悦耳生的违法，采纳一些避免办法有多么重要，比方把邮件拿到邮局去寄而不是丢在信箱里等人来取、把文件切碎而不是直接把它们连同废物一道扔出去，甚至运用几美元一支的（特效）笔等等
3. if wes part.
suggested answer:
假定说咱们从惊骇分子那里—更不必说从动作影片那里——学到了一招，那就是，东西也是武器。全球通用的诺言卡和撑持它们的数据库是去掉商业冲突的东西。换句?担鞘且匀酶鞣阶钍【⒌姆椒ù游颐悄抢锶∏亩鳌?
4. wherever universal identification leads, we dont know yet how to balance the undoubted convenience of this world with the peril—vague, but apparently near—that we sense in the presence of all that information combined and consolidated, if only logically.
suggested answer:
不管通用身份的前景如何，咱们尚不晓得该如何唐塞这样一个世界：不管我身在何处，悉数都可以与我有相关。一方面，这个世界给咱们供给了无可置疑的种种便利；另一方面，咱们又面临着一切这些强化组合的信息（假定是合理的强化组合该多好啊）所带来的种种风险。这种风险尽管迷糊，但显着离咱们很近。咱们尚不知如何在两者之间保相等衡。
translate the sentences into english.??
1. 这
些文件很重要，内容要必定保密。假定要处置掉的话，应先把它们切碎或撕掉，而不是直接当废物丢掉。(content of which; tear up; instead of)
suggested answer:
these are important documents, the content of which should be kept strictly confidential. if you need to dispose of them, you must shred them or tear them up instead of throwing them out with the trash.
?如今，编造支票、身份证和诺言卡之类的白领违法已变得恰当广泛。尽管咱们学会了许多避免上圈套的招数，可是看起来咱们随时都可以上圈套。(forge; prevent … from）
suggested answer:
nowadays, white-collar crimes such as forging checks, id cards and credit cards have become very common. though we have learnt much about how to prevent ourselves from being cheated, it seems that we could be its victims at any time.
3. 地震已曩昔了好几个月，日子恢复了正常。我们与平常相同忙着各自的作业。但一个无法躲避的实际是，地震给我们带来的精力伤口或许永久无法抹去。(go about; there is no escaping the fact that …; mental trauma; wipe out)
suggested answer:
it has been several
months since the earthquake. life has returned to normal, and people are busy going about their business. but there is no escaping the fact that the mental trauma the earthquake brought to people will never be wiped out.
4. 为啥说一个图书馆具有许多可供随时阅览的新书及电子图书本钱很重要呢？因为那样的话，专家们就可以晓得自个学科领域里的最新发展，晓得自个的研讨是不是有价值。(matter; readily availabe to; if so)
suggested answer:
why does it matter that a library has many new books and electronic resources readily available to the readers? this is because if so, the scholars know the latest development in their own fields and know whether their research is valuable.
unit 4
1. the objective importance of an event is obviously not enough—there are plenty of enormous global issues out there, with dramatic consequences, from poverty to global warming—but since they are ongoing, they dont all make the headlines
on the same day. 9/11, in contrast, was not just international, but odd, unexpected, and (in the sense that it was possible to identify with the plight of people caught up in the drama) very human.
suggested answer:
一个作业光有客观重要性显着还不可——世界上有许多全球性的大疑问，都会构成戏曲性的成果，从贫穷疑问到全球变暖疑问——但因为它们都是进行中的，并不都会在同一天变成头条。比照之下，9/11不只具有世界性，而且独特新鲜、出其不料，还（可以使读者对身陷那场凄惨剧中的我们的苦楚感同身受，从这个意义上讲）极具人道。
2. but tv news is not necessarily more objective or reliable than a newspaper report, since the images you are looking at on your screen have been chosen by journalists or editors with specific objectives, or at least following set guidelines, and they are shown from a unique viewpoint. by placing the camera somewhere else you would get a different picture.
suggested answer:
可是，电视新闻未必比报纸报导更客观或更可靠，因为你在屏幕上看到的图像是经记者或修改根据特别的意图，或至少是依照预定指示选择过的；它们是从一个一起的视点展示给观众的。假定把摄像机
移到另外当地，你就会看到另一番表象。
3. the internet provides an easy outlet for anyone with an opinion, and theret have the internet, and reading a newspaper is something they only do if they have an assignment to write about the specific medium of print journalism.
suggested answer:
互联网为任何有定见的人供给了一个便当的窗口；报纸修改最喜爱的莫过于给他们供给各种不一样的反应和定见，他们能从中得到抚慰。如今十几岁的少年已不记住早年没有互联网的日子了；只需在写关于打印新闻这一特定媒体的作业时他们才去读报。
4. so maybe the newspaper wont die without a struggle. trends for the future of newspaper include an increased demand for local news, and the continued exploitation of lifestyle journalism, which began in the late 1980s, especially within personal finance and travel, will create new revenue streams.
suggested answer:
如此看来，报纸是不会简略不见的。将来报纸打开的趋势包括对本地新闻需要的日益增加，而始于20世纪80年代后期的对日子方法新闻的持续开发使用——特别在自个理财和旅行方面——将会创造新的收入来历。
translate the sentences into english.??
1. 这个消息来得如此俄然、如此令人震动，我在沙发上呆呆地坐了几分钟。我的第一天性反应就是赶忙打电话把这件事告诉领导，看看咱们能为那些在这起交通事端中死伤的火伴做些啥。(so … that; first instinct)
suggested answer:
so sudden, so striking was the news that i sat motionless on sofa for a few minutes. my first instinct was to call our leaders to tell them what had happened and see what we could do for those colleagues who died or got injured in this traffic accident.
2. 纸版的儿童图书与电子书比较有很大的优势。对孩子们来说，一本打印精巧的纸版书不只是一本书也是一个玩具。读纸版书的感触与在屏幕上读书的感触是很不一样的。(have advantage over; be different from)
suggested answer:
paper books for children have an enormous advantage over e-books. for children, a beautifully printed paper book is not only a book but also a toy they can play with. reading a paper book is rather different from reading a book on the screen.
3. 这些年，传统媒体呈现出衰退的趋势，新媒体灵敏打开。尽管如此，这并不必定意味着传统媒体已失掉商场。若谈到阅览新闻之类，我们仍是习气于像报纸这样的传统媒体。(in the tendency of; not necessarily; when it comes to …)
suggested answer:
in recent years, traditional media are in the tendency of decline and new media are developing rapidly. however, this does not necessarily mean that trational media have lost the market. when it comes to reading things like news, people are still used to such traditional media as newspaper.
4. 跟着金融危机的迸发，许多公司堕入了窘境。关于那些因短少活动资金无法进行再出产又不想让恶性循环持续下去的公司，他们仅有能做的作业就是向政府求助。(find oneself in difficulty; turn to)
suggested answer:
with the explosion of the financial crisis, many enterprises find themselves in difficulties. for those who have no circulating fund to invest in new production and would not let the vicious circle continue, the only thing they can do is to turn to government for help.
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unit 5
1. it was a horrible joke, but doc daneeka didnt laugh until yossarian came to him one mission later and pleaded again, without any real expectation of success, to be grounded. doc daneeka snickered once and was soon immersed in problems of his own, which included chief white halfoat, who had been challenging him all that morning to indian wrestle, and yossarian, who decided right then and there to go crazy.
suggested answer:
那是个粗鲁的玩笑，可是达尼卡大夫并没有笑，直到约萨里安又实施了一次使命之后，再次来求他 需求停飞——尽管这没有任何盼望。达尼卡大夫窃笑了一下，很快又沉溺到他自个的费事中去了，这包括怀特?哈夫特指挥官那天早上一向在向他应战，要和他比印度式摔跤，而约萨里安则恰恰在彼时彼地抉择要发疯。
2. there was only one catch and that was catch-22, which specified that a concern for one and as soon as he did, he would no longer be crazy and would have to fly more missions.
suggested answer:
只需一个诡局，那就是第二十二条军规，它规则：在面临真实的、急迫的风险时思考到本身安尽是沉着的思维进程。奥尔疯了，因而可以停飞。他只须提出恳求；而一旦他提出恳求，他就不再是疯子，就得去实施更多的飞翔使命。
3. our many jewish friends and acquaintances are being taken away in droves. the gestapo is treating them very roughly and transporting them in cattle cars to westerbork, the big camp in drenthe to which theys that bad in holland, what must it be like in those faraway and uncivilized places where the germans are sending them?
suggested answer:
咱们的许多犹太人兄弟和熟人都被成群地带走了。隐秘警察对他们非常粗暴，用运牲口的拖车把他们运送到德伦特最大的会集营威斯特伯克，他们把一切犹太人都遣送到那里。……假定说在荷兰都这么糟，那么在德国人送他们去的那些悠远的蛮荒之地又会是啥样呢？?
4. the voice that comes across is of a solitary young girl writing for herself, yet at the same time it is the cry of all those innocent victims of evil whose fate was to suffer in the second world war. that is why anne franks diary has achieved fame as the voice of the holocaust in which six million jews were murdered: she speaks for all of humanity.
suggested answer:
它传来的是一个孑立少女的声响，她为自个写作，但一起也是一切无辜受凶凶狠待者的呼吁，他们的命运就是在第次世界大战时刻受难。这就是安妮?弗兰克的日记被称为犹太人大残杀（其间有六百万犹太人被杀戮）之声的缘由：她的话代表了全人类的心声。
?translate the sentences into english.???
1. 尽管遇到了许多困难，但在他的带领下，公司产品翻开了销路，全体局势也有了好转。为了赞誉他的杰出奉献，公司抉择奖赏他一套住所。(come across; for the better; in recognition of)
suggested answer:
though they came across many difficulties, under his leadership they successfully found a market for their products, and the overall situation was changing for the better. in recognition of his outstanding contributions, the company decided to give him a flat as an award.
2. 当约翰向他应战，要跟他比击剑的时分，他感到非常为难，因为他自知剑术不高，不是约翰的对手。假定他承受应战，他必定会输；可假定不承受呢，他就是个胆怯鬼。(challenge … to)
suggested answer:
when john challenged him to fencing, he was very embarrassed because he knew that he was no match for john at it. if he took the challenge, he would surely lose; but if he didnt, he would be a coward.
3. 他昨日伤风了。咱们本认为他好好睡一晚上之后会好起来，所以今日早上就送他去上学了。可是下午放学回家时他建议烧来，不得不卧床歇息。(assume; confine to)
suggested answer:
he caught a cold yesterday. assuming that he would get better after a good nights sleep, we sent him to school this morning. but later in the afternoon, he got back home with a fever and was confined to bed.
4. 在曩昔的几年里，我得了几回沉，一向在贫穷状况中日子，可是我没有扔掉我的愿望。不管发生啥事，我老是据守我的愿望，而愿望对我来说也变成了极大的撑持和抚慰。(abandon; in spite of; cling to)
suggested answer:
in the past few years, i have had several severe illnesses and lived in a state of poverty, but i have never abandoned my dreams. in spite of everything i clung to my dreams, which have turned out to be a great support and comfort to me.
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unit 6
1. the rain had started to fall gently through the evening air as darkness descended over sydney. hundreds of lights illuminated stadium australia, and the noise was deafening. as i walked towards the track i glanced around me at the sea of faces in the stands, but my mind was focused. the olympic gold medal was just minutes away, hanging tantalisingly in the distance.
suggested answer:
当暮色降临悉尼时，雨也初步悄然地从夜空中飘落。几百盏灯把澳大利亚体育场照得灯火通明，场内的声响响彻云霄。走向跑道时我看了一眼邻近看台上许多的脸，但我的留心力仍是很会集。再过几分钟奥运金牌的归属就要见分晓了，它悬挂在远处，很诱人。
2. i knew i would do my best, that i would run my heart out and finish the race. i felt the performer in me move in and take over. i had just two laps to run, that was all. just two laps until the emotional and physical strain of the past two days and the last 28 years would be eclipsed by victory or failure. this race was all about survival.
suggested answer:
我晓得自个会竭尽全力，拼尽全力跑完全程。我感触自个现已进入最佳状况。我只需跑两圈就行了，就两圈。跑完这两圈，曩昔两天以及28年来一切情感和身体上的辛苦付出就将被成功或许失利所吞没。这一跑真是存亡攸关。
3. i understand—it. it seems a good time to blow the whistle on the so-called beautiful game.
suggested answer:
我晓得，假定一自个不是从小就触摸某项外来的运动，他就很难对它感快乐喜爱。如今我正遭受相同的文明壁垒。6月9号世界杯足球赛就要初步了，而我对球员在球场上干些啥却一无所知。看起来这是给这个所谓的精彩竞赛揭短的一次大好机缘。
4. periodically a player gets an elbow in the face and goes down writhing. the clock stops while little men with black bags rush over and massage his phonybaloney injury, after which he jumps up good as new. the player who elbowed him gets something called a , a mild reprimand.
suggested answer:
时不时地会有球员脸上挨了一肘，躺在草地上苦楚地翻腾。这时会暂停计时，几个提着黑包的小个子男人会跑过来推拿他那假装、胡说的受伤部位，然后他又活蹦乱跳地站起来。那位肘击他的球员会得到一张叫黄牌的东西：一种温文的惩戒。
translate the sentences into english.??
1. 当他晓得自个未能当选校正时，他哭得很哀痛，究竟他阅历了几个月的艰苦练习和剧烈竞赛，也学会了如何熟练地精确投篮。(cry one go through)
suggested answer:
he cried his heart out when he heard that he was not in the list of the school team. after all, he had gone through months of hard training and gruelling competition, and had learned how to shoot with great skill and accuracy.
2. 那位以严肃出名的教练从一初步就需求队员扔掉悉数杂念，跨越他们的极限，以保证他们能在第29届北京奥林匹克运动会上摘得一枚奖牌。(mean for sb to do sth; from the start; push … beyond limits)
suggested answer:
the coach, who was known for his strictness, had meant from the very start for all the players to shut out all the distracting thoughts and push themselves beyond their limits to ensure that they win a medal at the 29th olympic games held in beijing.
3. 教练接收了球队后，不时紧记自个的使命，并究竟带领球队获得了联赛冠军。在承受采访时，教练激动得说不出话来。(take over; bear in mind; make it; at a loss for words)
suggested answer:
since after he took over the team, the new coach has always borne in mind his mission and finally made it to the championship of the league matches. when interviewed, the coach was at a loss for words because of excitement.
4. 足球是一项很夸姣的运动。尽管最终的竞赛成果往 往是 0—0, 1—0, 2—1, 可是这一点点不影响我们去观看竞赛。对我来说，足球的魅力究竟在哪里一向是个谜。(flock; remain)
suggested answer:
football is an amazing sport. despite the fact that most finals are 0—0, 1—0 or 2—1, people keep flocking to see football games. for me, it remains a mystery what is so attracting about football.
