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Many of you have the goal of learning American English. After all, you are listening to or reading a lesson from the Voice of America.
听众朋侪中的不少人都有进修美式英语的方针，究竟结果你们如今就正在听或读《美国之音》的一节课。
But you will still probably have some contact with British English. The popularity of British television shows and musical groups, for example, reaches across borders.
但大师仍是有很大要率会接触到英式英语的。好比，英国的不少电视节目和音乐集团在全世界范畴内都十分受接待。
So, how does British English differ from American English? You may already know that there is a clear difference in accent.
那末，英式英语和美式英语的区分在哪里呢？大师可能已晓得二者的发音方法有较着区分。
Other differences include some vocabulary and expressions. Less co妹妹only discussed, however, are the variations in gra妹妹ar.
二者另有辞汇和短语上区分。不外，人们更少谈及的是语法上的区分。
American and British Englishes share almost all of the same gra妹妹ar. But there are differences, and some are worth noting – especially for English learners.
英式英语和美式英语的语法几近一模同样。但实在也是有区此外，此中，一些区分仍是值得留心的——特别是对英语进修者来讲。
On today’s program, we will discuss a few of them. First, let’s talk about where the two Englishes vary on preposition use.
在今天的节目中，咱们会会商此中一些区分。起首，咱们来聊聊二者在介词利用上的区分。
In British English, the preposition “at” is used in several time-related phrases, such as when talking about weekends. But speakers of American English use the preposition “on” in such a case.
在英式英语中，介词at用于几个与时候有关的短语中，好比在聊到周末的时辰。但在美式英语中，介词on会用在如许一种环境下。
Listen to this American English speaker: On weekends, I like to watch sports.
请听这位说美式英语的人是怎么说的：我喜好周末看体育角逐。
Can you think of how a British English speaker would say this? That’s right, it is: “At weekends, I like to watch sports”.
你能想到说英式英语的人会怎么说这句话不？答对啦，说英式英语的人会如许说”At 
weekends， I like to watch sports”。
Americans also use the preposition “on” with street names. Yet, British English speakers use “in”.
美国人还会把on用在街道名字上。不外，说英式英语的人会用in。
Listen to this American talking about where someone lives: She lives on 17th street near Dupont Circle.
请听这位美国人是若何谈及某小我糊口的处所吧：她住在杜邦广场四周的第17条街上。
Can you guess how the British English speaker would say it? That’s right: “She lives in 17th street near Dupont Circle”.
大师能猜到说英式英语的人会怎么说这句话嘛？答对啦，英式英语的人会如许说”She lives in 17th street near Dupont Circle”。
These are just a few examples of the small differences in preposition use. Now, let’s move on to verb tenses.
以上只是介词利用的一些小区分。如今咱们来聊聊动词时态的区分。
American and British English speakers use the present perfect verb tense in similar ways. But Americans use it in fewer situations.
英式英语和美式英语在如今完成式的利用上是比力类似的。但美式英语很少利用如今完成式。
In many other situations, we use the simple past instead. Listen to an American use the simple past tense to talk about a lost object:
大都环境下，咱们会用一般曩昔式。下面是美国人在丢了工具的时辰利用曩昔式的一个例子：
Ugh! I lost my phone… again. British English speakers would generally use the present perfect in this situation, as in “I’ve lost my phone… again”.
呀！我手机又……丢了。在这类环境下，说英式英语的人一般会用如今完成式”I’ve lost my phone…again”。
The present perfect verb here is “have lost”. This is also true when giving news.
这里暗示如今完成式的动词是”have lost”。在表述动静时，这一点也有效到。
In American English, we use the simple past to do this. Speakers of British English generally use the present perfect.
在美式英语中，咱们会用一般曩昔式来表达。但英式英语一般会用如今完成式。
Listen to an American give a piece of news to someone: Your supervisor just called.
下面是用美式英语来向某小我转达动静的例子：你的主管适才给你打德律风了。
Again, such news would involve the present perfect for Britons, as in, “Your supervisor has just called” or the contracted “You supervisor’s just called”.
这里若是是英式英语的话，会用如今完成式，
“Your supervisor has just called”或把has缩写酿成”You supervisor’s just called”。 Notice use of the word “just,” a co妹妹on time-related adverb.
要注重”just”这个词的利用，这是一个与时候有关的常见副词。雷同的副词另有”yet”和”already”，
With other such adverbs, like “yet” and “already,” Americans also tend to use the simple past tense while Britons use the present perfect.
不外美国人仍然偏向于用一般曩昔式，而英国人仍然会用如今完成式。下面是美式英语中在有already的环境下用一般曩昔式的例子：
Listen to an American use a past tense verb and the adverb “already”: Would you like more?
你还再来点儿不？不了，感谢，我已吃得不少了。
No thanks. I already ate too much. So, what might a British answer sound like?
这句话若是用英式英语来答复的话会怎样说呢？
A person is likely to say, “I have already eaten too much,” 大要会如许说”I have already eaten too much”，
也就是变成”have eaten”来表达如今完成式。美式英语和英式英语在have和get的利用上也有区分。
which uses the present perfect verb “have eaten”. The two dialects also differ in some ways in their usages of the verbs have and get.
在谈及人与人之间的瓜葛时，英式英语凡是会用”have got”。
When talking about human relationships, British English speakers generally use the wording “have got”.
好比，一个英国人可能会如许说”I’ve got an uncle in New York City（我在纽约有个叔叔）”。但美国人可能会如许说”I have an uncle in New York City”。
For instance, a Briton might say, “I’ve got an uncle in New York City”. But an American is likely to say, “I have an uncle in New York City”.
在会商物品所属和疾病时，这个法则仍然合用。英式英语的话可能会如许说”I’ve got a cold（我伤风了）”，
This same rule applies when talking about possession of objects and when discussing illness. A British English speaker would likely say, “I’ve got a cold,”
而美式英语大要会说”I have a cold”。在表达需要或必要的寄义时，二者也有各自的方法。
while an American would probably just say, “I have a cold”. The two dialects also have their own ways of saying that something is required or necessary.
情态动词”have to”在美式英语中更加常见。而”have got to”在英式英语中则更加常见。
The modal verb “Have to” is more co妹妹on to American English. The phrasing “have got to” is much more co妹妹on to speakers of British English.
美国人可能会说”We have to be there by 7（我们必需在7点前到达那边）”，
An American would likely say, “We have to be there by 7” while a British person is more likely to say, “We have got to be there by 7.”
对了，说到”got”，不要忘了二者在”get”的曩昔式上也有分歧平常的区分哦。在美式英语中，”get”的曩昔分词是”gotten”。
而英国人可能会说”We have got to be there by 7″。 And, speaking of “got,” let’s not forget an unusual difference between the past participle forms of “get”.
而英式英语在300多年前就再也不利用”gotten”了。英式英语中”get”的曩昔分词是”got”。
In American English, the past participle of “get” is “gotten”. But Britain discontinued the use of “gotten” more than 300 years ago.
爱丽丝·布莱恩特为您播报。
In British English, the past participle of “get” is “got”. I’m Alice Bryant.
