一、主谓瓜葛中人称和数目纷歧致性
汉语的动词不受主语的人称和数的影响,但英语的谓语动词要和主语连结一致,谓语动词要跟着主语而变革。
而学生重要用汉语思惟,是以他们常常没有习气去斟酌主语是第几人称,是单数仍是复数。
比方:
a. A number of students is going to learn a foreign language.
b. He go to school by bike every day.
准确的句子:
a. A number of students are going to learn a foreign language.
b. He goes to school by bike every day.
阐发:
a 句中a number of +复数名词做主语时,其谓语动词用复数情势。
b 中 He是第三人称单数,在一般如今时态中谓语动词go应当加es。
二、时态
高中生在写作中常常在时态方面出错误。
英语时态种类繁多,动词的组成情势跟着时态的变革而变革。但在中文里却没有时态区别。
动作或动词的时候由跟在动词后的诸如 “着”、“了”、“过”等副词来暗示,对高中生来讲,把握英语的时态不是很轻易。现实上,进修者在脑子里很清晰语律例则,但常常混同或健忘改变更词的词形。
比方:
a. A baby can cry as soon as it was born.
b. I spend 50 yuan buying the clothes.
c. I will not come here if it will rain tomorrow.
准确的句子:
a. A baby can cry as soon as it is born.
b. I spent 50 yuan buying the clothes.
c. I will not come here if it rains tomorrow.
阐发:
第一句是一个知识问题,应当用一般如今时态。
第二句“我买这件衣服花了50元”应当是曩昔时态。
第三句主句是一般未来时,从句是一般如今时态。
三、语态毛病
动词的被动式在英语中触目皆是,学生因为汉语思惟的影响,很少斟酌到用被动语态。固然中文里也有被动式的寄义,但与英语里被动式表达方法彻底分歧。
英语里的被动式请求有助动词be和一个变异的曩昔分词情势,此中这个助动词带有时态和人称数目信息,中文里必要利用诸如“被”、“使”、“让”等词语,不必要有不法则的动词情势。这对中国的进修者来讲就有潜伏的坚苦。
比方:
a. New bicycles must keep inside.
b. The book has to return at the end of the week.
c. The food has cooked.
d. Knife should take away from babies.
准确的句子:
a. New bicycles must be kept inside.
b. The book has to be returned at the end of the week.
c. The food has been cooked.
d. Knives should be taken away from babies.
阐发:
很较着,这些句法布局己经被确认为未能准确利用英语中的被动式。
学生还会犯一些其它方面的毛病,此中之一是,经常把英语里没有被动语态的词(组),如 take place, occur, happen, belong to,appear, break out, rise, die等用作被动语态。
四、固定搭配毛病
有介词短语的搭配,固定词组的搭配,更多的是特别动词的搭配和用法呈现毛病至多。
不少进修者在记单词的时辰,不记搭配和真正用法。
毛病以下:
a. He suggested to go there on his bike.
b. My teacher explained me the text very carefully.
c. My mother made me to choose the one I liked best.
准确的句子:
a. He
suggested going there on his bike.
b. My teacher explained to me the text very carefully.
c. My mother made me choose the one I liked best.
阐发:
a.try to do sth. 想法, 试图, 极力做(难做的事);try doing sth. 试着,测验考试做(某事(不必定是难事))
b.explain sth to sb=explain to sb. 向或人诠释某事
c.choose 为不带 to 的不定式,作宾语补足语(或称复合宾语)。
据以上的阐发,中国粹习者的英语利用很大水平上遭到其母语的影响,直接翻译,没有记着这些动词的特别用法。
五、非谓语动词毛病
因为学生对非谓语动词的观点不清晰,对不定式、分词、动名词的用法不大白,对句子布局阐发不准确,常把非谓语动词误用作谓语动词。
学生不晓得在英语句子中谓语动词只能有一个,若是有此外一个动词呈现,这个动词有三种环境:
一是并列谓语,可是这时辰必需有连词,如and, but等;
二是呈现在从句内里;
三就因此分词情势呈现,如今分词和曩昔分词,另有不定式。
如今分词有自动语态和举行时的寄义,而曩昔区别词有被动语态和完成时的寄义,不定式有未来时态的意义。
比方:
a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things look at.
b. I am looking forward to see you.
准确的句子:
a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting thing to look at.
b. I am looking forward to seeing you.
阐发:
a句中己有谓语动词there are,用来润饰things,此句缺的是后置定语,而名词作定语原则上用单数情势。
b句look forward to是一个固定短语,后面要接动名词。
六、冠词毛病
学生在翻译经常会忘了斟酌冠词,或说不器重冠词这个问题,常有多用或罕用或错用的弊端。
冠词考核分两个方面,一是冠词的残破或过剩,考生要注重关于含有冠词(不含冠词)的用法和加冠词与不加冠词的区分,如:in charge of与in the charge of, out of question与out of the question的区分。二是冠词the, a, an(不定冠词和定冠词)之间的互相误用。
英汉名词确有很多配合点,可是也有很多分歧点。英语名词有可数与不成数之分,汉语里没有,且一般环境下,名词均可遭到数目词的限定。是以,英语写作中,一旦触及到advice, news, progress, weather, information等少数经常使用不成数名词时,学生常常会出错误。
不外,在利用英语不成数名词时,又会呈现两种环境,一种是绝不成以用a/an或数词来直接润饰,如上述说起的几个名词:另外一种环境是,少数不成数名词在被形容词等润饰后,可用a/an等来润饰。如time(时候),rain(雨)。以是咱们可以说:We had a wonderful time yesterday.
比方:
a. The air is the most important thing for our existence.
b. The driver brought the car to stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.
c. When sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.
准确的句子:
a. Air is the most important thing for our existence.
b. The driver brought the car to a stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.
c. When the sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.
阐发:
a. is 为系动词作谓语,采纳一般如今时。our 为形容词型物主代词。the 为定冠词。
b.brought 为谓语,采纳一般曩昔时。the 为定冠词。a 为不定冠词。
c.单数可数名词以前凡是必要有a / an, the 或其它定语举行润饰。
七、代词毛病
代词重要有人称代词、物主代词、瓜葛代词、反身代词、疑难代词、复合疑难代词、批示代词,要注重代词的大家称之间和单复数之间的误用,瓜葛代词 which, that, as之间的误用,瓜葛代词that与疑难代词what之间的误用,瓜葛代词which与瓜葛副词when, where,和what与how的误用等。
比方:
a. We do not like he.
b. If you like this books, you can take them away.
c. His book is different from me.
d. The population of China is larger than those of Japan.
准确的句子:
a. We do not like him.
b. If you like these books, you can take them away.
c. His book is different from mine.
d. The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
阐发:
汉语里,人称代词没有主格、宾格和所有格之变,而英语中的人称代词有主格、宾格和所有格之变,并且每格都具备其本身的用处,别离充任主语、宾语和定语等。特别要注重的是,人称代词充任介词宾语时,也要采纳其宾格情势。
八、连词毛病
连词重要有两类,即并列连词和隶属连词,考核点主如果并列连词(分递进式、迁移转变式、选择式和因果式四种)之间的误用(主如果but与so/and之间的误用),隶属连词之间的误用和并列连词与隶属连词之间的误用等。
比方:
a. He had little to eat and a large house to live in.
b. He had no sooner arrived when he fell ill.
c. If you go this way, and you will soon see the hospital.
准确的句子:
a. He had little to eat but a large house to live in.
b. He had no sooner arrived than he fell ill.
c.If you go this way,you will soon see the hospital.
九、名词毛病
名词重要考核单数名词变复数名词,这主如果受工具方文化差别的影响,英语中除不成数名词和单数名词用单数外,可数名词要用复数情势。此外另有一些特别情势。
比方:
a. What a beautiful weather we are having today!
b. Please give my best regard to your parents.
c. I have got good marks in all my subject.
准确的句子:
a. What beautiful weather we are having today!
b. Please give my best regards to your parents.
c. I have got good marks in all my subjects.
十、情态动词和助动词毛病
这种毛病有如下几种环境:
① 情态动词后的动词利用曩昔时态;
② 情态动词后的动词加“s”;
③ 情态动词后的动词加“ing”;
④”will”后面的“be”动词用“am、“is”或“are ”;
⑤助动词“do”后面的动词用动词曩昔时态;
⑥.助动词“do”后面的动词第三人称单数加“s”;
⑦ 助动词“do”后面的动词加“ing”等。
比方:
a. I could did my homework.
b. He may goes to school by bike every day.
准确的句子:
a. I could do my homework.
b. He may go to school by bike every day.
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