Unit1 Where did you goon vacation?
【重点语法】
不定代词:不指名取代任何特命名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。
用法注重
1.some 和any+可数名/不成数名。
some 多用于必定句,any多用于否认句、疑难句和前提从句 。有些问句顶用some,不消any, 问话者但愿获得对方必定答复。
2. 由some, any, no,every 与 body, one, thing组成的复合不定代词作主语时,其谓语动词用三单。
3. 不定代词如有定语润饰,该定语要置于厥后:如:something interesting
【重点短语】
1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为或人买某物
2. taste + adj. 尝起来……
3. nothing…but + V.(真相)除……以外甚么都没有
4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来
5. arrive in + 大处所 / arrive at + 小处所 达到某地
6. decide to do sth. 决议做某事
7. try doing sth. 测验考试做某事 / try to do sth. 极力做某事
8. enjoy doing sth. 喜好做某事
9. want to do sth. 想去做某事
10. start doing sth. 起头做某事=begin doing sth.
11. stop doing sth. 遏制做某事 区别:stop to do sth. 停下往来来往做某事
12. dislike doing sth. 不喜好做某事
14. so + adj + that + 从句 如斯……以致于……
16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 奉告或人(不要) 做某事
17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事
18. forget to do sth. 健忘去做某事 / forget doing sth 健忘做过某事
【词语辨析】
1. take a photo/ take photos 摄影
quite a few+名词复数 “很多…”
2. seem + 形容词 看起来…… You seem happy today.
seem + to do sth. 彷佛/仿佛做某事 I seem to have a cold
It seems + 从句 彷佛..…. It seems that no one believe you.
seem like … 仿佛,彷佛….. It seems like a good idea.
3. arrive in +大地址= get to= reach+地址名 “达到……”
arrive at +小地址
(注:若后跟地址副词here/there/home, 介词需省略,如:arrive here; get home)
4. feel like sth 感受像…
feel doing sth. 想要做某事
5. wonder(想晓得)+疑难词(who, what, why)指导的从句。
6. because of +名/代/V-ing
because+从句
He can’t take a walk because ofthe rain.
I don’t buy the shirt because itwas too expensive.
7. enough +名词 足够的……
形容词/副词+enough
Unit2 How often do youexercise?
【重点语法】
1. 频率副词: always,usually, often, sometimes, never
频率副词在句中凡是放在实义动词以前, be动词或助动词以后。经常使用于一般如今时态中。
2.“次数”的表达法子
一次 once, 两次twice,三次或三次以上:基数词+ times, 如:three times, five times,
3. how often“多久一次”问频率,答复常含有频率词组或短语。
常见的how疑难词:
1)How soon 多久(今后)
—How soon will he be back?他多久能回来?
—He will be back in amonth. 他一个月后能回来。
2)how long “多久”
—How long did it take you toclean the house? 你扫除屋子用了多久?
—It took me half an hour to cleanthe house. 我扫除这屋子用了半小时。
3)How many+名复
How much+不成名
“几多” 问数目(how much 还可问代价)
【重点短语】
1. go to the movies 去看片子
2. look after = take care of 赐顾帮衬
3. surf the internet 上彀
4. healthy lifestyle 康健的糊口方法
5. go skate boarding 去划板
6. keep healthy=stay healthy 连结康健
7. eating habits 饮食习气
8. take more exercise 做更多的活动
9. the same as 与甚么不异
10. be different from 分歧
11. once a month一月一次
12. twice a week一周两次
13. make a difference to 对……有影响/感化
14. most of the students=moststudents
15. shop=go shopping=do someshopping 购物
16. be good for 对……有利
17. be bad for 对……有害
18. come home from school下学回家
19. of course = certainly = sure 固然
20. get good grades 获得好成就
21. keep/be in good health 连结康健
22. take a vacation 去度假
【词语辨析】
1.maybe / may be
maybe 是副词,意为“大要, 可能,也许”,一般用于句首。May be是情态动词,意为“多是…,或许是…,大要是…”.
The baby iscrying. Maybe she is hungry.
The woman may be ateacher.
2. a few / few / alittle / little
a few (少数的,几个,一些)
a little (一点儿,少许)
暗示必定
few (很少的,几近没有的)
little (很少的,几近没有的)
暗示否认
润饰可数名词
润饰不成数名词
People can live to 100, butfew people can live to 150.
There is little timeleft. I won’t catch the first bus.
Could you give me alittle milk?
3. hard / hardly
hard作形容词,意为“坚苦的,艰辛的,硬的”;作副词,意为“尽力地,剧烈地”。hardly为副词,意为“几近不”。
The ground is too hard to dig.
I can hardly understandthem.
It’s raining hard. The peoplecan hardly go outside.
4. As for homework, most students do homework every day .
as for…意思是“至于;关于”,+名词、代词或动词的-ing情势(即动名词)。
如:As for him,I never want to see him here.
至于他,我永久不但愿在这里见到。
As for the story,you’dbetter not believe it.
关于那故事,你最佳不要信赖。
5. That soundsinteresting.
这是“主语+系动词+表语”布局的简略句。sound(听起来),look(看起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),feel(感觉),seem(好象),grow(变得),get(变得)等词在英语中可用作系动词,后跟形容词作表语。如:
It tastes good. 这味道好。
The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很中听。
The smoke grew heavier andheavier. 烟雾变得愈来愈浓了。
6. percent 名词,意为“百分之……”
百分数的暗示法子:基数+ percent (不消复数情势),percent做主语时,谓语动词的数要按照厥后面的名词来肯定。
50%:fifty percent百分之五十
Fifty percent of the apples arebad. 50%的苹果都坏了。
Twenty percent of the meat is inthe fridge. 20%的肉都在冰箱
7. not… at all 意为“一点也不”,not应放在be动词、情态动词或助动词以后。
The story isn’t interesting atall. 阿谁故事一点也没有趣。
8. It is +adj. to do sth. 做某事是……的。
It is interesting to playcomputer games. 玩电脑颇有趣。
9. take,spend, pay
It takes sb. some time to do sth.意为“耗费或人……时候来做某事”。
人(sb.) spend 时候/钱 on sth. “买某物花了……钱”。
人(sb.) spend 时候/钱 (in) doing“耗费几多时候来做某事”。
pay 的主语必需是人,而“费钱买某物”为pay…for…
10. however 副词,意为“但是,但是”,暗示迁移转变瓜葛,可放在句首、句中、句末。
Unit3 I’m more outgoingthan my sister.
【重点语法】
1. 形容词和副词的比力品级
(1)形容词和副词的真相就是原级
(2)比力级,暗示较……或更……
(3)最高档, 暗示最…。
2. 比力级句型:
(1)A + be动词+形容词的比力级+than +B “A比B更……”(注重:A与B必需是同级的,即必需是人与人,物与物举行比拟)
(2)“A+实意动词+副词比力级+ than + B”暗示“A比B…”
(3)比力A ,B两人/两事物问此中哪个较……时用句型:
“Who/which +谓语动词+ adj./adv.比力级,A or B ?”
Who is thinner, Jenny or Mary?
3. 比力级的特别用法
(1)“比力级+and+比力级”,意为“愈来愈”。多音节比力级用“more and more+原级”
(2)“the+比力级(…), the+比力级(…)”意思是:”越…越…”The more, the better.
(3)主+ is + the 形容词比力级+of the two+名复 “主语是二者中较……的”
4. 二者在某一方面不异:A+谓语动词/be动词+as+ adj./
adv.原级+ as+ B.
Helen is as tall asAmy.
Peter studies as hard as Tom.
暗示二者在某一方面不及另外一方时,用“not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as”
I am not as tall as my sister.
5. 形容词,副词比力级前的润饰语。
当必要暗示一方跨越另外一方的水平时,可以用much, a lot, alittle, a bit, 等来润饰形容词比力级。注重: 比力级不克不及用very, so, too, quite等润饰。
【重点短语】
1. more outgoing 更外向/更开畅
2. as…as…与…… 同样
3. the singing competition 歌咏角逐
4. the most important 最首要的
5. be talented in music 在音乐方面有禀赋
6. the same as 与……不异
7. care about 关切/留心/存眷
8. be different from 与……分歧
9. be like a mirror 像一壁镜子
10. as long as 只要;与……同样长
11. bring out 显示/显出
12. get better grades 获得更好的成就
13. reach for 伸手到达/到达
14. touch one’s heart 冲动
15. in fact 究竟上
16. make friends 交朋侪
17. be good at 在某方面成就好
18. the other 另外一个
19. be similar to 与…类似
20. be good with 与…敦睦相处
21. have fun=Have a good time 玩得高兴
have fun doing sth 做某事
很高兴
22. do the same thingsas me. 做和我同样的事变
23. It’s+adj+(forsb.)to do sth. “做某事(对或人来讲)是…的 ”
24 make friends with sb. 与或人交朋侪
25. as long as 只要;既然,指导前提状语从句
【词语辨析】
1. be good at=do well in ,厥后可接名词、代词或动名词,暗示长于……
2. care about 关切
care for 关爱
take care (当/谨慎)
take care of (赐顾帮衬)=lookafter
3. make sb. do sth.: 让(使)或人做某事(make后跟不带to的不定式)
His father always make me get upbefore five o’clock.
make sb. +形容词:使或人连结某种状况
My friends always make me happy.
4. be like“就像…”I am like your sister.
look like “表面上的像 ” I look like my sister.
5. That’s why+句子:那就是…的缘由/那就是为甚么…
That’s why I study English hard. 那就是我尽力进修英语的缘由。
6. be differentfrom 与……分歧
反:be the same as 与…… 不异
7. though
① adv. 不外;但是;但是(句末弥补阐明使语气削弱)
② conj. 固然;虽然=although,与but 不克不及同时用在一个句子中
He said he would come. He didn’t,though. 他说他要来,但是并无来。
Though/Although he has been deadfor many years, many people still remember him.
虽然他已归天不少年了,但不少人依然记得他。
8. get bettergrades 获得更好的成就
9. does(助动词do/did),为了防止反复,可取代上文呈现过的实意动词。
10. be good withsb. 与或人相处得好
Unit4 What’s the bestmovie theater?
【重点语法】
1. 形容词最高档: 用于三者或三者以上的人或事物相比力。
标记词:表比力范畴时用in/of
形容词最高档前须加定冠词the,副词最高档前可省略the。
2. 暗示“三者(或以上)中最……的”的句型
1)A + be + the 形容词最高档 + 暗示范畴(in/of介词短语)
2)A + 实意动词 + (the) 副词最高档 + 暗示范畴的of/in介词短语
3. 经常使用句式
1) Who/ Which…+ 最高档…, A, B or C ?
2) one of +the +形容词最高档 +名词复数情势, 意为“最…之一”。
3)序数词后跟形容词最高档
【重点短语】
1. so far 到今朝为止,迄今为止
2. no problem 没甚么,别客套
3. have….in co妹妹on 有不异特性(设法、乐趣等方面)不异
4. be up to 由……决议/是……的职责
5. all kinds of … 各类各样的……
6. play a role in doing sth./sth. 阐扬感化,有影响
7. make up 编造(故事、假话等)
8. for example=e.g. 比方
9. take …..seriously 当真看待
10. not everybody 其实不是每小我
11. close to 离..….近
12. more and more 愈来愈……
【词语辨析】
1. How do you like+名/代/V-ing=What do you think of :“ 你认为…怎样样?”
2. Thanks for=Thankyou for +名/代/V-ing:“感激…”
3. You’re welcome.=Not at all. 不客套
4. talent 名(可)禀赋
talent show 才艺演出
talented adj. 有禀赋的
be talented in 在……方面有禀赋
5. be good at 长于… (= do well in)
反义短语:be poor / weak in 在…方面亏弱
be good for 对……有利,后跟人或事物;其反义短语是be bad for
be good to 对……好(和蔼;慈祥),至关于 befriendly to,后面凡是接人
6. all kinds of 各类各样的
different kinds of 分歧种类的
a kind of 一种……
* kind of 有点+adj.: kind of boring / fat /thin
7. win vt. 博得+奖品 winner n. 赢者
8. watch sb. do sth. 旁观或人做了某事
watch doing sth. 旁观或人正在做某事
9. 举例:such as 常罗列几个例子,不克不及穷尽,可和and so on(等等)连用;like可和such as交换;for example 一般只罗列一个,作插入语用逗号离隔,可置于句首/句中/句末。
Unit5 Do you want towatch a game show?
【重点语法】
1. 扣问或人对某物的概念及见解:Whatdo you think of …?=How do you like…?
2. 描写爱好I love/like/ don’t mind/dislike/can’t stand…
3. 温习巩固一般如今时态:主语+V+其他;主语(三单)+V(三单)+其他)
【重点短语】
1. find out 查出/发明
2. be ready to do 筹备做…
3. dress up 服装/化装成
4. take one’s place 取代或人
5. do a good job 干的好/演出的超卓
6. think of 想到/思虑
7. game show 游戏节目
8. learn from 向……进修
9. talk show 访谈节目
10. soap opera 番笕剧
11. go on 继续
12. watch a movie 看片子
13. one of… 此中之一
14. try one’s best to =do one’sbest to 不遗余力
15. a pair of 一双
16. as famous as 同样著名/出名
17. look like 看起来像
18. around the world 世界各地
19. have a discussion about 会商……
20. one day 有一天/某一天
21. such as 比方
22. a symbol of 一个意味/标记
23. something enjoyable 快活的事变
24. interesting information 有趣的信息
【词语辨析】
1. want + n 想要……
want to do sth 想要做某事
want sb to do sth 想让或人做某事……
2. mind 介怀,厥后+名词/代词/V-ing
3. stand
1)“站, 站立” e.g. Stand up! 起立
2) “忍耐”(多用于否认句、疑难句) , 后可+名/代/V-ing
4. plan vt. &vi.规划, 筹算,plan to do sth.
plan 还可作名词,如:make plans 制订规划
5. v. discuss (会商) + ion→ n. discussion
had a discussion about sth. 对某事举行会商
6. happen v. 产生; 呈现
sth+ happens to sb.”或“sthhappened + 时候/地址”句式
7. 情态动词
may 语气弱于can,意为“可能”
might 表猜测,语气最弱,意为“可能”
may/might not 暗示否认猜测时语气最弱,意为“可能不”
They may not be very exciting. 它们可能不是那末使人愉快。
8. expect to dosth. 期盼做某事
hope to do sth: 但愿干某事
不少动词后面均可以跟动词不定式作宾语,如:
want, like, hope, wish, learn,start, begin, prefer, try, ask
9. be famousas 作为……而出名
be famous for sth. 由于……而出名
10. one of… 后跟可数名词复数,暗示…之一。 厥后的谓语动词用单数。
One of my favorite movies is Mr.Bean. 我最喜好的片子之一是憨豆师长教师。
11. show
n. 节目 TV shows/talent shows;
v. 展现 show sth. tosb.= show sb. sth.
Unit6 I’m going to study computer science.
【重点词语/短语用法解析】
1.want to be/become + (职业)名词 :“想要成为…..”
I want to be (be) a scientistwhen I grow up.
2.write stories 写故事
tell stories 讲故事
3.keep on doing sth. 继续做某事(表动作的频频)
keeping doing sth. 连结做某事(表动作或状况的延续)
4. besure about +名/代/V-ing“必定”
Are you sure about that?
make sure (that)+从句“……确保……”
Make sure that both doors are closed whenyou go out.
5.learn sth. We must learn English every day.
learn to do sth. I amgoing to learn to play ( play) the piano.
6. discuss v. 会商;磋商 名词是discussion
discuss with sb. 与或人会商 :
Discuss this question with yourpartner.
Let’sdiscuss this problem. 让咱们会商一下这个问题。
All we need now is action, not discussion. 咱们如今必要的是举措,不是会商。
7. beable to do sth. 可以或许做某事
(1)can : can+动词真相,无人称和数的变革。只能用于一般如今时和一般曩昔时,不克不及用于未来时。
be able to + 动词真相,有人称和数的变革,可用于多种时态。
(2)can 常指客观上可以或许;be able to 更偏重于颠末尽力、降服必定坚苦有能力做成某事。
He will be able to(可以或许) speak English next year.(在此不克不及填can)
8.promise n. 许诺;信誉 v. 承诺;许诺;承诺
make a promise(to sb) (对或人)许下信誉
keep a promise 遵照信誉
break a promise 违反信誉
promise (sb) to do sth. 承诺或人干某事
promise (sb) +that 从句
He promised to help me. 他承诺过要帮忙我。
I promised that I study hard from nowon. 我许诺从如今起尽力进修。
9.have to do with 关于;与……有瓜葛
The book has to do with computers. 那本书与计较机有关。
10. takeup sth./doing sth.(尤指为消遣)学着做;起头做
I am going to take up cooking next year. 来岁我将要学烧饭。
11. Sometimesthe resolutions may be too difficult to keep.
too+形容词/副词 to+动词真相,暗示“太……而不克不及……”如:
The kid is too young to play thisgame. 这个小孩过小,不克不及玩这个游戏。
12.one’sown +名词 “或人本身的工具”, 夸大某物为小我所有
my own book 我本身的书籍
【重点语法】
一般未来时“am/is/are going to +动词真相”布局
1. 根基情势
否认式:am/is/are not going to +动词真相
一般疑难式:am/is/are +主语+ going to + 动词真相+其他?
特别疑难式:特别疑难词+一般疑难式?
He is going to spend his holidays in London. 他筹算在伦敦度假。
Look at the dark clouds. There is going tobe a storm. 看那乌云,将近下雨了。
Is he going to collect any data forus? 他会帮咱们采集数据吗?
What are you going to do tomorrow? 来日诰日你筹算作甚么?
2. 根基用法
(1)暗示事前颠末斟酌、放置好筹算、规划要做某事。
Dad and I are going to watch an opera thisafternoon.
今全国午我和爸爸筹算去看歌剧。
(2)暗示按照今朝某种迹象果断,某事很是有可能产生,暗示猜测。
Look! There come the dark clouds. It isgoing to rain.
瞧!乌云密集。天要下雨了。
Unit7 Will people have robots?
【重点词语/短语用法解析】
1.many+可数名词 很多……
much+不成数名词 很多……
2.live to be+基数词 + years old“活到……岁”
3. bein great danger 处在极大的伤害中
4.play a part in +名/代/V-ing. 介入某事/做某事
Everyone should play a part in saving theearth.
5.help (sb.) with sth. 帮忙(或人)做某事
He often helps me with my English.
help sb. (to) do sth. 帮忙(或人)做……
He often helps me study English.
help oneself ( to ) 自用(食品等)
Help yourself to the fish. 请随意吃鱼
6.the same as… 和……同样…… 反义短语:be different from
7. It takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth. 或人花了……时候做某事(时态按照详细环境决议)
It takes me an hour to get to my office.
spend time/moneyon sth. 在……上耗费时候(款项)
sb. spend time/money (in) doing sth. 耗费时候(款项)做某事。
I spent two hours on this math problem. 这道数学题花了我个小时。
They spent two years building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时候。
8.hundreds of + 名词复数 很多/大量……
数词+hundred + 名词复数 几百……
雷同的数词另有thousand(千) , million(万)
There are four hundred students in ourgrade.
There are hundreds of tourists in Beijingevery year.
9.during 在…时代
during the vacation/the daytime/the weekend
10.the meaning of …的意思
Can you tell me the meaning of the words?
【重点语法】
一般未来时
1、一般未来时的寄义
一般未来时暗示未来某个时候要产生的动作或状况,或未来常常产生的动作或状况。
2、一般未来时的根基布局
1. will/shall+动词真相
will 在报告句顶用于各类人称;shall用于第一人称,常被will 所取代。
否认式:will not=won’t;shall not=shan’t
一般疑难式:will/shall+主语+动词真相+其他?
特别疑难式:特别疑难词+一般疑难式?
Iwill/shall do a better job next time. 下次我要做得好些。
Oiland water will not mix. 油和水无法混在一块儿。
—Willhe help you with your English tonight? 今天晚上他会帮忙你进修英语吗?
—Yes,he will./No, he won’t. 是的,他会。/不,他不会。
—Whenwill you arrive for America? 你何时去美国?
—Tomorrow. 来日诰日。
2.am/is/are going to +动词真相
否认式:am/is/are not going to +动词真相
一般疑难式:am/is/are +主语+ going to + 动词真相+其他?
特别疑难式:特别疑难词+一般疑难式?
He isgoing to spend his holidays in London. 他筹算在伦敦度假。
Lookat the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,将近下雨了。
Is hegoing to collect any data for us? 他会帮咱们采集数据吗?
Whatare you going to do tomorrow? 来日诰日你筹算作甚么?
3、一般未来时的用法
will+动词真相与am/is/are going to +动词真相的用法固然都暗示未来产生动作或环境,一般环境下能交换。但它们的用法是有区此外。
1.will重要用于在如下三个方面:
(1)暗示主观意愿的未来。
Theywill go to visit the factory tomorrow.
来日诰日他们将去厂观光工场。
I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling.
我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一块儿来。
(2)暗示不以人的意志为转移的客观的未来。
Todayis Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday.
今天是礼拜六。来日诰日是(将)是礼拜日。
Hewill be thirty years old this time next year.
来岁这个时辰他就(将)三十岁。
(3)暗示姑且决议,通经常使用于对话中。
—Maryhas been ill for a week.
玛丽病了一周了。
—Oh,I didn’t know. I will go and see her.
噢,我不晓得。我去看看她。
2. begoing to重要用于一下两个方面:
(1)暗示事前颠末斟酌、放置好筹算、规划要做某事。
Dadand I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.
今全国午我和爸爸筹算去看歌剧。
(2)暗示按照今朝某种迹象果断,某事很是有可能产生,暗示猜测。
Look!There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.
瞧!乌云密集。天要下雨了。
Unit8 Howdo you make a banana milk shake?
【重点词语/短语用法解析】
1.cut是“切, 割”的意思,曩昔式为cut。
cut up 意为“切碎”
Cut up the bananas. = Cut the bananas up.
Cut it /them up.
2.turn on 打开, 接通(电流、煤气、水等)
turn off 关掉,截断(电流、煤气、水等)
turn up 开大,调高(音量、热量等)
turn down 调低,关小(音量、热量等)
3.one more thing 此外一件事变
another ten minutes 再多十分钟
数字+ more + 物品 指“此外的……
another + 数字 +物品 指“此外的……
当数字为one时,常与more连用或只用 another。
Give me two more hamburgers?
another two hamburgers
4. forgetto do sth. 健忘(去)做某事
forgetdoing sth. 健忘已做过某事。
5. It’s a time (for sb). to do sth. 该是(或人)做某事的时代了
It’stime (for sb.)to dosth. =It’s time for sth. 该是(或人)做某事的时候了。
It’sa time for you to study English.
It’stime for us to go to school.(It’s time for school.)
6.give thanks for +名/代V-ing “感恩……”
We should give thanks for our parents.
He gave thanks for life and food.
7.Most Americans still celebrate this ideas of giving thanks by having a bigmeal.
by+sth./doing :
1)以……方法 I study English by listening toEnglish songs.
2)在……的阁下 I am sitting by the pool.
3)在……以前 I have to go to school by 8:00.
4)搭乘 I go to school by bus.
8.Here is +名单(宾语) “这是…” 是倒装句
Here is a photo of my family.
Here are+名复
Here are some English books.
当宾语是代词时,要用顺装。如:Here you are.(对) Here are you.(错)
9.fill sth. with sth. 用……把……装满 (夸大动作)
be full of“装满…”(夸大状况)
I filled the cup with themilk.
The cup is full of the milk.
10.put…in(into)…把……放到…… 里
11.cover…with…用……笼盖
12.cut …into把……切成…… Cut the apple into four pieces.
cutup… 切碎
13.serve v. 办事 n. service
serve +名/代“供给…” The shop serves nice food.
serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. Serve it to your friends with some vegetables.
serve sb. with sth. “用某物款待或人” Serve the guests with some tea.
【重点语法】
名词:名词是暗示人、事物、处所、征象及其它抽象观点名称的词。
1、名词分为专着名词和平凡名词。
专着名词是暗示详细的人、事物、地址、或机构等的专着名称。
如:Guangzhou,Mike,UNESCO等。
专着名词一般环境下第一个字母要大写。
平凡名词是暗示一类人、事物或抽象观点的名称。
如:police,eggs,rice等。
2、平凡名词又可分为个别名词、团体名词、物资名词和抽象名词。
个别名词:暗示某一类人或某一类工具中的个别。
如:monkey,panda,ruler,boy等。
团体名词:暗示一群人或一类事物的总称。
如:family,police,class,people等。
物资名词:暗示没法分为个别或不具有肯定外形和巨细的什物。
如:Water,air,milk等。
抽象名词:暗示抽象观点词。
如:hope,love,spirit。
英语的名词有可数名词和不成数名词两种。
一般来讲,个别名词和团体名词多为可数名词,物资名词和抽象名词多为不成数名词。
3、名词单数变复数的法则总结
1. 法则变革
(1)一般在名词词尾加”-s”,
map—maps舆图
bird—birds鸟
orange—oranges 桔子
bike—bikes自行车
(2)以s, x, ch, sh末端的名词加”-es”
box—boxes盒子
class—classes班级
watch—watches腕表
dish-dishes盘,碟子,餐具
(3)以o末端的无生命的名词后面加”-s”
photo—photos相片
radio—radios收音机
zoo—zoos动物园
以o末端的有生命的名词后面加”-es”
tomato—tomatoes西红柿
potato—potatoes马铃薯
hero—heroes英雄
negro—negroes黑人
(4)以子音字母加y末端的名词,变y为i加”-es “
baby—babies婴儿
family—families家庭
以元音字母加y末端的名词直接加”-s”
boy—boys男孩
toy—toys 玩具
(5)以fe或f末端的名词,把fe或f变成v加”-es “
knife—knives小刀
wife—wives老婆
leaf—leaves树叶。
2. 不法则变革
(1)child—children
foot—feet
tooth—teeth
mouse—mice
man—men
woman—women
注重:与 man 和 woman组成的合成词,其复数情势也是 -men 和-women。
如:an Englishman,two Englishmen。
但German不是合成词,故复数情势为Germans。
Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。
(2)单复同形的名词
如:deer鹿,sheep绵羊,fish鱼,
Chinese中国人,Japanese日本人
li里,jin斤,yuan元
注重:除人民币元、角、额外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数情势。如:
a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters
(3)团体名词,以单数情势呈现,但实为复数。
如:people人, police差人,cattle牛等自己就是复数,不克不及说 a people,apolice,a cattle.
但可以说 a person,a policeman,a head of cattle
theEnglish,the British,theFrench,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,暗示国民总称时,作复数用。
如:The Chinese are hard-working and brave.
中国人民是勤快英勇的。
3. 以s末端,仍为单数的名词
(1)maths数学,politics政治(学),physics物理学等学科名词,为不成数名词,是单数。
(2)news动静、消息是不成数名词。
(3)the United States美国,the United Nations结合国应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 结合国事1945年组建起来的。
(4)以复数情势呈现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也视为单数。
“The Arabian Nights” is a very interesting story-book.
<>是一本很是有趣的故事书。
4. 注重两点
(1)暗示由两部门组成的工具,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes 若表达详细数量,要借助数目词 pair(对,双); suit(套);a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
(2)另有一些名词,其复数情势有时可暗示出格意思,如:goods货品,waters水域,fishes(各类)鱼
4、不成数名词
不成数名词象征着这些名词只能是单数,没有复数情势,不克不及与数量字如one, two等连用,也不克不及加不定冠词a(n)。
不成数名词没有单数、复数之分,但咱们在糊口中有时辰又必须给这些词计量,咱们因而采纳这类法子:a+暗示这些工具的单元+of+不成数名词,
如:acup of tea,a box of milk,apiece of paper等。
若是为了暗示多个的观点,咱们就将暗示这些工具的单元酿成复数便可。
如:acup of tea—3 cups of tea,a box of milk—12 boxes ofmilk,A piece of paper—100 pieces of paper
【注重】
a. 当物资名词转化为个别名词时为可数。比方:
Cakeis a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食品(不成数)
Thesecakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。(可数)
b. 当物资名词暗示该物资的种类时,可数。比方:
Thisfactory produces steel.这个工场出产钢材。(不成数)
Weneed various steels.咱们必要各类各样的钢材。(可数)
c. 当物资名词暗示份数时,可数。比方:
Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而著名。
Twoteas, please. 请来两杯茶。
d. 抽象名词暗示详细的事例时也可数。比方:
fourfreedoms 四大自由
thefour modernizations 四个现代化
Unit9 Can you come to my party?
【重点词语/短语用法解析】
1. one…another… 暗示不确定命目中的另外一个
one…theother… 暗示二者中的另外一个
I don’t like this one, canyou show me another?
I have two brothers. One is a lawyer andthe other is a manager.
some…others…暗示没有范畴限制的“一些……另外一些……”
some…theothers… 暗示某一范畴的“一些……其余的……”
Some go to school by bike and others go toschool by bus.
Some go to school by bike and the others goto school by bus.
2. invite v. 约请 n. invitation
invite sb. to do sth.“约请或人干某事”
invite sb. to+地址名词
1) Mr. Green invited me to visit hisfactory last week.
2) Thanks a lot for your invitation
3) Thanks for inviting me to yourparty.
3.(1)What’s the date today? 意为“今天是几月几号?” It’s +月+日。
(2)What day isit today? 意为“今天是礼拜几?”It’s + 礼拜几。
—What’s thedate? —It’s September 10th.
—What day is it today? — It’s Wednesday.
4.have a lesson(class) 上课
have an English lesson
5.prepare v. 筹备 n. preparation
prepare sth. “筹备某物”,所筹备的工具就是后面的宾语。
prepare for sth. “为……做筹备”,指为后面的宾语做筹备
prepare to do sth. “筹备做某事”
6. bring…to…“带来”把某物从此外处所带到措辞人的处所
take…to…“带去”把某物从措辞的处所带到别处去。(二者标的目的相反)
Bring your homework here, and take the bookaway.
把你的功课拿过来,把这本书带走。
7.without(介词)没有 反义词:with“具备”
We can’tlive without water.
Jane is a beautiful girl with long hair.
8. sothat +从句: 以便于;目标是
I study hard so that I can get good grades.
9.surprise n. 诧异
surprised adj. 感触诧异的(指人)
surprising adj. 使人诧异的(指物)
be surprised at sth.“诧异于某事”
to one’ssurprise “令或人诧异的是”
① I’m surprisedat the surprising news. 我对这个使人诧异的动静感触很受惊。
② To my surprise, he left withoutleaving a word. 令我诧异的是,他一言不发地分开了。
10.look forward to (介词)+名/代/V-ing
I look forward to your reply. 我等待你的回答。
I look forward to seeing you again.
11.hear from sb. = get a letter from sb. 收到或人的来信。
I heard from my friends yesterday.=I got aletter from my friend yesterday.
12.the best way to do sth. 做某事的最佳方法
Exercising is the best way to keep healthy.
13.how to do that. “该怎样做”,疑难词+to do sth经常使用来做宾语
I don’tknow how to make a banana milk shake.
I don’tknow what to do.
14.at the end of “在…末尾”
Now, it is at the end of 2014.
反义短语:at the beginning of “ 在…起头”
15.be glad/happy/sad to do sth.“很欢快/惆怅做某事
I am glad to see you.
16.reply to sb./sth.“复兴…”
Reply in writing to the invitation “以写信情势复兴这份约请函”
【重点语法】
一. 暗示约请的句型
1. Can/Could you…(come to my party)?
2. Would you like to..( Would youlike to my party)?
接管:Sure/Yes/Of course, I’d love/like to.
回绝::① I’m sorry, I can’t. I have to/must+V原 (报告来由 )
② I’d love/liketo, but I … (来由)
3.I’mafraid not. I…(来由)
二. must与have to
1. must 暗示主观“必需”;must 暗示“主观上的请求”,无人称和时态的变革,否认答复: needn’t 或 don’t have to (没必要)。mustn’t 暗示“制止”.
2. have to表客观必要,有人称和时态变革,否: don’t / doesn’t /didn’t have to (没需要)
—Must I be home before eight o’clock? 8点以前我必需回家吗?
—Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. / No,you don’t have to.
Unit10 Ifyou go to the party,
you’llhave a great time!
【重点词语/短语用法解析】
1. have agreat time 意为“玩得舒畅”,=enjoy oneself, have fun, have a good /wonderful / nice time
have a great / good time in(doing) sth. 做某事很高兴
2. ask sb.(not)to do sth. 请求或人(不)做某事
The teachers ask us to do (do)lots of homework.
3. order sth. from+地址“从某地订购食品”
I want to order some books fromthe book store.
4. keep…to oneself 守旧机密
5. unless conj. 除非;若是不
unless 指导的前提句暗示在特定前提下,才决议做或不做一件事。=if…not
The concert will be held asschedule unless there is a typhoon.= The concert will be held as schedule ifthere is not a typhoon.
6. be afraidto do sth. 惧怕干某事
I’m afraid to speak in front ofother people.
be afraid of sth. 惧怕某事
He told me not to be afraid ofdifficulties.
be afraid +that从句
I’m afraid that I can’t finish ontime
7. be angry withsb.
We were angry with him forkeeping us waiting.
be angry at/about sth.
He is angry at/about your answer.
I was very angry at what he said.
8. in the end 最后;终究= at last/ finally
at the end of 在…结尾;到…绝顶
He married the nice girl in theend/at last/finally.
The school is at the end of thestreet.
9. careless adj. 粗心的;反义词:careful, 意为“谨慎的”。
The boy is very careless. 这个男孩很粗心。
He is more careful than me. 他比我当真。
10. advise v.“奉劝;建议”n. advice, 是不成数名词.
Give me some advice!
advise doing sth. 建议做某事。
advise sb.(not)to do sth. 建议或人(不)做某事
I advise waiting till the righttime. 我建议比及得当的时辰。
I advise him not to sleep lateevery day. 我建议他不要天天睡懒觉。
11. It’s best (not)to do sth. 最佳(不)做某事
It’s best to speak English everyday.
12. run away from“ 从…逃离” “回避”
13. cut …in half “切成两半”
【重点语法】
if前提句
if前提句:前提句用于报告语气,暗示假如的环境可能产生,此中 if 是“若是”的意思,指导前提状语从句,if从句用一般如今时,主句则用一般未来时。
(主将从现)
组成
if从句
主句(主将从现)
时态
一般如今时:
主+be(is/am/are)+其它(名/形)。
主+V原+其它。
主(三单)+V(三单)+其它。
1.一般未来时:
主语+shall/will+V原
2.主句是祈使句
3.主句含有情态动词Can, may , must等词
4.主句含有want, hope , wish 等表欲望的词
例句
If I am an teacher,
If you come back,
If he comes,
If you can come,
If I have much money
I will be busy.
call me please.
he will take us to the zoo.
please let me know.
I may take a trip.
注重:在与if前提句连用的主句中咱们一般用will 暗示未来时,而不消be going to 暗示未来时。
PS:在when(当…时辰), after, before 等指导的时候状语从句中,若是主句为一般未来时,从句要用一般如今时暗示未来(主将从现)。
如:I will call you when I reach Canada. 我一到加拿大就给你打德律风。
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