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英语八大时态：
1
一般如今时
标记：动词真相
1. 暗示常常性或习气性动作，常与表频度的时候状语连用：
She often speaks English.
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2. 暗示如今的状况、特性、职业、能力、感受等：
He seems to feel a bit down today.
He works as a driver.
3. 暗示真谛、客观存在、科学究竟或用于格言警语中：
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
Columbus proved that the earth is round.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
4. 暗示如今刹时的动作：
Here comes the bus!
5. 暗示未来
1) 表按划定、规划、放置将要产生的动作（仅限于某些暗示“来、去、动、停、起头、竣事、继续”等的趋势动词），可以与暗示将来的时候状语搭配利用。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、汽船、汽车等按期定点运行的交通状态。如：
The next train leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon.
How often does the shuttle bus run?
2) 在时候和前提状语从句中常利用一般如今时暗示未来产生的事变：
When Bill comes (不消will come), ask him to wait for me.
I shall go there tomorrow unless I’m too busy.
2
一般曩昔时
标记：动词曩昔式
*闭音节：元音字母a, e, i, o, u若是发字母原本的音则称为开音节，不然称为闭音节。
1. 暗示曩昔某时所产生的动作或存在的状况，常与暗示曩昔的时候状语连用（e.g. yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, before …, when …, in the past等）。如：
Jim rang you just now.
Liu Ying was in America last year.
2. 暗示曩昔常常或频频产生的动作，出格是used to do表达的句型，自己暗示的就是曩昔经常。如：
When I was a kid, I often played football in the street.
She used to visit her mother once a week.
*注重区别sb. used to do sth.（或人曩昔经常做某事，此处to是动词不定式标记符号）和sb. be used to sth./doing sth.（或人习气于某物/做某事，此处to是介词）。
3. 取代一般如今时，暗示一种委婉、客套、礼貌、磋商的语气。此用法仅合用于少数动词（如want, hope, wonder, think, intend等）及情态动词could, would。如：
I wondered if you could have a word with me.
I hoped you could help me with my English.
Would you mind my sitting here?
4. 虚拟语气顶用一般曩昔时暗示@如%3i542%今或未%Z6g3w%来@时候的动作或状况。经常使用句型有：
It is time that sb. did sth. “或人该做某事了”
would rather sb. did sth. “甘愿或人做某事”
3
一般未来时
标记：will / shall + 动词真相
1. 暗示未来产生的动作或存在的状况，凡是与暗示未来的时候状语连用（e.g. tomorrow, next week, in the future等）。如：
We shall have a lot of rain next month.
My husband will come back in a few days.
2. 暗示偏向性和习气性：
Fish will die without water.
When it gets warmer, the snow will start to melt.
3. 一般未来时的几种句式布局辨析：
1) will / shall + 动词真相
多用于表达主观欲望或一定会产生的事变（“将会若何”）
*shall作助动词时一般只用于第一人称
2) be going to + 动词真相
暗示行将产生或筹算要做的事：
It is going to rain.
We are going to have a meeting today.
3) be to + 动词真相
暗示按规划或放置行将要产生的动作：
He is to visit Japan next year.
We are to discuss the report on Monday.
4) be about to + 动词真相
暗示行将产生的动作，意为“顿时要做某事”，后面一般不跟时候状语，如：
The plane is about to start.
Don’t worry. I am about to make a close examination on you.
4
如今举行时
标记：be + 动词的如今分词
1. 暗示措辞时正在举行的动作：
She is writing a letter upstairs.
Who are you waiting for?
It is raining hard.
2. 暗示现阶段一向在举行的动作（措辞时动作未必正在举行）：
I hear Mr. Green is writing another novel.
3. 暗示频频呈现或习气性的动作，常常包括措辞者赞美、求全、讨厌等情感，凡是与always, constantly, continually, forever等频度副词连用。如：
John is forever asking silly questions like a stupid.
He is always thinking of others first.
4. 暗示未来
1) 暗示按规划、放置将要产生的动作，仅合用于部门趋势动词（如go, come, leave, start, arrive等）。如：
Uncle Wang is coming.
They’re leaving for Beijing.
2) 在时候和前提状语从句中，如今举行时暗示未来某时正在产生的事变。如：
Please drop in when you are passing my way.
If he is still sleeping, don’t wake him up.
5
曩昔举行时
标记：was / were + 动词的如今分词
1. 暗示曩昔某一时刻或一段时候正在举行的动作，曩昔举行时中经常使用的时候状语有the whole morning, all day yesterday, from January to March last year等。如：
I was having a talk with Lucy at that time.
They were watching TV at home last night.
2. 暗示曩昔频频呈现或习气性的动作，常常包括措辞者赞美、求全、讨厌等情感，凡是与always, constantly, continually, forever等频度副词连用。如：
My brother was always losing his keys.
3. 暗示按规划、放置曩昔某时刻将要产生的动作，仅合用于部门趋势动词（如go, come, leave, start, arrive等）。如：
He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon.
4. 曩昔举行时有一个重要用法就是描写一件事变产生的布景（一个长动作持续的时辰，另外一个短动作产生）：
Granny fell asleep when she was reading.
It was raining when they left the station.
6
如今完成时
标记：have / has + 动词的曩昔分词
1. 暗示一个曩昔产生并已完成的动尴尬刁难如今发生影响或成果，夸大的是如今的状态（暗示“已完成”）。如：
He has left the city. （成果：他今朝不在这个都会）
Someone has broken the window. （成果：窗户破了）
2. 暗示一个动作起头于曩昔，延续到如今，也可能还会继续延续下去（暗示“未完成”）。
I have been busy since last week.
He has taught in our school for 30 years.
I’ve finished half so far.
注重 刹时动词凡是是不克不及用如今完成时表延续性的，但其否认布局则可以。如：
She hasn’t seen you for ages.
His father hasn’t touched beer for a whole week.
3. 暗示曩昔到如今为止频频产生的动作或屡次呈现的状况，常与暗示频度的副词always, often, every day等连用。如：
I have often heard that he is the cleverest person in that company.
4. 在时候和前提状语从句中，如今完成时暗示未来某时完成的动作。如：
I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.
If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go the park.
5. 与如今完成时连用的常见词语
能与如今完成时连用的词语不少，just, already, yet, before, never, ever, recently等，但常见的有：
1) since 自从
I have been there many times since the war.
We haven’t seen each other since last week.
We have been friends ever since.
2) in / for / during the past/last … years 在曩昔/近来…中
I’ve been ill for the past three weeks.
Great changes have take place in the last ten years.
I have been here (for) the last/past month.
3) so far 到今朝为止
We haven’t had any trouble so far.
So far the search for the missing middle-aged woman has been fruitless.
4) up to/until now 到如今为止
Up to now he’s been quiet.
Up to now, the work has been easy.
I have heard nothing from him up till now.
Up till now we have planted over 2000 trees.
5) It is/will be the first/second … time that … 这是第一/二…次…
It’s the first time (that) I’ve been here.
It will be the first time (that) I’ve spoken in public.
It is the second time (that) I have met him today.
6) This is + 形容词最高档 + that … 这是最…
This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.
6. 如今完成时与一般曩昔时的区分
1) 如今完成时@夸%ie45R%大对如%3i542%今@的影响和成果，与如今有接洽；
而一般曩昔时夸大这个动作产生的时候是在曩昔，不@触%w7761%及对如%3i542%今@的影响。如：
I have seen this film. （我已看过了这部片子）
I saw this film yesterday. （我是昨天看的这部片子）
2) 如今完成经常与模胡的时候状语连用（如for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, always等），或爽性没有时候状语；
而一般曩昔经常与详细的时候状语连用（如yesterday, last night, …ago, in 1980, in February等）。
3) 如今完成时暗示延续时一般利用持续性动词（如live, teach, work, know等）；
而一般曩昔经常利用刹时动词（如begin, buy, die, marry等）。如：
He has lived in Hangzhou since last spring.
My grandfather bought the car five years ago.
7. 易错点辨析
1) 考生轻易把一些刹时动词用如今完成时表达，这是毛病的。如：
(×) He has died for two years. 他死了两年了。
(√) He has been dead for two years.
(√) He died two years ago.
(×) The film has begun for 10 minutes. 片子开演十分钟了。
(√) The film has been on for 10 minutes.
(√) The film began 10 minutes ago.
(×) She has married for three years. 她成婚有三年了。
(√) She has been married for three years.
(√) She married Mike three years ago.
2) 考生不懂若何区别have been to和have gone to，虽然二者都可后接地址，但have been to暗示去过某地（如今已回来了），have gone to暗示到某地去了（如今还没回来）。如：
She has been to Paris (three times).
She has gone to Paris.
7
曩昔完成时
标记：had + 动词的曩昔分词
1. 暗示在曩昔的某个时候或动作之前已产生的动作或已存在的状况。如：
By the end of last week he had finished the work.
He had left when I arrived.
2. 暗示从曩昔某一时候起头，一向持续到曩昔另外一时候的动作或状况。如：
We had not seen each other since I left Beijing.
The film had been on for 5 minutes when I got to the cinema.
3. 某些表意向的动词（如intend, think, plan, expect, hope等）的曩昔完成时暗示主语不曾实现的欲望、但愿、筹算。如：
I had intended to visit you last night, but someone called and I couldn’t get away.
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.
4. （虚拟语气）在前提状体从句或wish / would rather等后面的从句中，利用曩昔完成时暗示与曩昔究竟相反的主观欲望。如：
The party wouldn’t have been so perfect if you hadn’t come.
I wish I had gone with you to the concert that day.
5. 曩昔完成时与一般曩昔时
1) 根基区分：曩昔完成时暗示以曩昔某时候为出发点之前所产生的动作或存在的状况，即曩昔完成时夸大“曩昔的曩昔”，而一般曩昔时只暗示以如今时候为出发点之前所产生的事变或存在的状况。如：
He studied there two years ago.他两年前在那儿进修（离如今两年）
He said he had studied there two years before.他说他两年前在那儿进修过。（离他措辞时两年）
2) 出格注重：两个动作若是按次序产生，又不夸大前后，或用then, and, but等连词毗连时，多用一般曩昔时。如：
When she saw the mouse, she screamed.
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.
8
曩昔未来时
标记：would + 动词真相
1. 暗示从曩昔某一时候来看将要产生的动作或存在的状况，一般用于主句为曩昔时的宾语从句中。如：
He said he would come here next Friday.
I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble.
2. 暗示曩昔的动作@习%zn3V5%气或偏%25b38%向@：
The old man would sit on a bench in the quite park for hours without doing anything.
When I worked on that farm, I would get up at 5 am.
3. 用于虚拟语气中：
If I were you, I would not do that.
If he were here, he would show us how to do 
it.
4. 曩昔未来时的其他情势
1) was / were going to + 动词真相。如：
He told us that he was going to attend the meeting.
She said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station.
2) was / were to + 动词真相。如：
The building was to be completed next month.
Li Lei was to arrive soon.
3) was / were about to + 动词真相。如：
We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly.
He was about to have lunch when the bell rang.
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