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一、介词的重要用法：
介词是一种虚词,不克不及自力利用。介词以后一般着名词或代词(宾格)或至关于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语,即组成介词短语。有些介词是由两个以上的词组成的短语介词,如：out of(从…中出来), because of(由于), away from(间隔…), on top of(在…顶上), ever since(自从…), next to(在…隔邻), according to(按照…), in front of(在…火线)等。
二、介词的分类表：(见下表)
地址(位置、范畴)介词：above在…前, about在…四周, across在…对面, after在…后面, against倚着…, along在…近旁, among在…中心, around在…四周, round在….四周, at在…处, before在…前, behind在…后, below低于…, beside在…阁下, between在…之间, by在…旁, down在…下面, from来自…, in在…内里, inside在…内里, near挨近…, of在…当中, on在…上面, out of在…以外, outside在….外面, over在….上方, under在…下方, up在…上面, on top of在…顶部, in front of在…前, close to挨近…, in the middle of在…的中心, at the end of在…的结尾,等等。
标的目的(方针趋势)介词：across横越…, against匹敌…, along沿着…, around绕着…, round环抱…, at朝着…, behind向…后面, etween…and…从…到…,by途经/经由过程…, down向…下, for向…, from从/离…, in进入…, into进入…, inside到…内里, near靠近…, off离开/除…, on向…上, out of向…外, outside向….外, over跨过…, past颠末/跨越…, through穿过…, to向/朝…, towards朝着…, on to到…上面, onto到…上面, up向…上, away from阔别…
时候介词：about约莫…, after在…今后, at在… (时刻), before在…之前, by到…为止, during在…时代, for有…(之久), from从…(时)起, in在(上/下战书);在(多久)今后, on在(某日), past过了…(时), since自从…(至今), through 贯串…(时代), till直到…时, until直到…时, to到(下一时刻), ever since从当时起至今,at the beginning of在…起头时 ,at the end of在…末 , in the middle of在…傍边 ,at the time of在…时
方法介词：as作为/看成…, by用/由/乘坐/被…, in用…(说话), like与…同样, on骑(车)/徒(步),经由过程(收音机/电视机), over经由过程(收音机), through经由过程…, with用(质料),用(手/脚/耳/眼), without没有…
触及介词:about关于…, except除…, besides除…还… for对付/就…而言, in在…(方面), of…的,有关…, on关于/有关…, to对…而言, towards针对…, with就…而言
其它介词:
【目标介词】 for为了…, from避免…, to为了…
【缘由介词】 for由于…, with因为…, because of由于…
【比力介词】 as与…同样,like象…同样,than比…,to与…比拟, unlike与…分歧
【陪伴/状况介词】 against和…一块儿(角逐),at在(上班/苏息/上学/家,etc.),in穿戴…(衣服/色彩),into酿成…,on在(值日), with与…一块儿,有/带着/长着…, without没有/无/不与…一块儿
三、介词短语的句法感化：
介词短语至关于一个形容词或副词,可用作状语、定语和表语。如：The man came .(状)(那小我走下楼来)/The woman is from the countryside.(定)(头上戴花的主妇来自乡间)/The teacher is now with the pupils.(表)(教员如今和学生在一块儿)
四、介词短语在句子中的位置：
介词短语做状语时,若是暗示时候/地址,可以放在句首或句尾,若是暗示标的目的/方法/陪伴/触及/缘由/目标/比力,一般放在句尾； 介词短语作表语时放在结合动词以后；介词短语作定语时,只能放在被润饰的名词以后。如：He wanted to find a good jobin Shanghai the next year.(状语)(他想来年在上海找份好事情)/ They searched the roomfor the thief.(他们在房间里搜刮小偷) / The letters arefor you.(表语)(信是给你的)/ Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs?(定语)(你瞥见一只黑头白腿的猫了吗？)
五、首要注释：
⑴this / that / these / those / last / next / a / every / each等词组成的时候短语,前面不消任何介词。如：Every yeartravellers from abroad come to visit Pingyao.(每一年都有外洋的旅客来旅游平窑镇)/ He had a bad cold that week.(阿谁礼拜他患重伤风)
⑵for有时用来引出动词不定式的逻辑主语,常翻译成“对付…而言”。如：It’s too hard for meto finish the work in only one hour.(让我在戋戋一个小时内完成这项事情太难了)/ The house is big enough for 10 men to live in.(屋子够大的可以容10小我住)
⑶of有时用来暗示后面的人物正好是前面的表语的逻辑主语。如：It’s very nice/kind of youto do so.(你这么做真是太好了)
⑷介词有时会与它的宾语分手,并且宾语前置。
① 当宾语是疑难词时。Whoare you talking about?(你们在评论辩论谁？)
② 宾语在从句中当毗连词时。He has a younger brother whohe must take good care of.(他有 一个必要他赐顾帮衬的小弟。) / Do you knowwho our teacher is talking with over there?(你晓得咱们的教员在何处和甚么人谈话吗？)
③ 动词不定式作定语且该动词为不及物动词,后面有介词。I finally found a chair to sit on.(我 终极找到了一张椅子坐。)
(5) 记着一些固定词组：arrive at/in(达到…),on foot(步行),not…at all(底子不),to the north of(在…以北),in the east of(在…的东部),in the night(在夜间),at night(在晚上),be afraid of(惧怕…),be 
full of(布满/ 装满….),be filled with(布满/ 装满….),be good/bad for(对…有利/有害),be made of(由…做成),be made from(由…制造),play with(顽耍……),look out of(朝…外面看),at the end of(在…末梢/竣事时),by the end of(不迟于…/到…末为止),with the help of或with one’s help(在…的帮忙下),look after(顾问…),look for(寻觅…),on a bike(=by bike)骑车,help sb. with(帮或人做…),get on (well) with(与或人相处[和谐]),等等。
六、某些介词的用法辨析：
⑴ 时候或地址介词in、on、at的用法区分：暗示时候时, in暗示在一段时候里(在未来时句子中则暗示在一段时候以后), on暗示在详细的某一天或某天的上下战书等, at暗示在某个时刻或刹时； 暗示地址时, in暗示在某个范畴以内, on暗示在某个平面上或与一个面相接触,at则暗示在某个详细的场合或地址。如：He was born on the morning of May 10th.(他诞生于蒲月旬日的清晨)/ I usually get up at 7：00in the morning.(我凡是在早上的七点钟起床) / His glasses are right on his nose.(他的眼镜就架在他的鼻子上)/ He is at the cinemaat the moment.(现在他正在片子院)
⑵ after与in暗示时候的用法区分：“after+(详细时刻/从句)”暗示“在…时刻以后”经常使用于一般时态；“in+(一段时候)”暗示“在(多久)以后”,经常使用于未来时态。如：He said that he would be here 
after 6：00.(他说他六点钟以后会来这儿)/ My father is coming back from England in about a month.(我父亲约莫一个月今后从英国回来)
⑶ since与for暗示时候的用法区分：“since+(详细时刻/that-从句)”暗示“自从…起一向到如今”,“for+(一段斶间)”暗示“统共有…之久”,都经常使用于完成时态；如：Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970.(李叔叔自从1970年起就在这家工场事情了)/ Uncle Li has worked in this factory for over 30 years. (李叔叔在这家工场已事情了30多年)
⑷ by、in与with暗示方法的用法区分：均可以暗示“东西、手腕”,可是by重要暗示“乘坐”某个交通东西或“以……方法”,在被动句中可以暗示动作的履行者；in暗示“利用”某种说话/文字,with暗示“利用”某个详细的东西、手腕。如：We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.(咱们用眼睛看工具,用双脚走路)/ Please write that article(文章)in English.(请你用英语写那篇文章)/ Let’s go to the zoo by taxi.(咱们打的去动物园吧。)/ It was written by Lao She.(那是老舍写的)
⑸ about与on的用法区分：均可以暗示“有关…”,可是about的意义比力广,而on重要暗示“有关…(专题/课程)”。如：Tom is going to give a talk on the history of America.(汤姆要作一个美国汗青的陈述)/ They are very excited talking about the coming field trip.(他们兴趣勃勃地评论辩论着行将来到的野外游览)
⑹ through与across、over的用法区分： through指“穿过…(门洞/人群/树林)”； across和over可以指“超过…(街道/河道)”,可交换,可是暗示“翻过…”时只能用over. 如：Just then a rat(鼠)ran across the road.(就在当时一只老鼠跑过路面)/ There is a bridge across/over the river.(河上有座桥)/ They climbed over the mountainand arrived there ahead of time.(他们翻过大山提早达到了那边)/ The visitors went through a big gate into another park.(观光者们穿过一个大门来到另外一个公园)
(7)as与like的区分：两个词都暗示“像……”,可是as译为“作为……”,暗示的是职业、职务、感化等究竟,而like译为“像……同样”,暗示外表,不是究竟。如：Let me speak to you asa father.(我以父亲的身份和你发言。)(措辞者是听者的父亲) / Let me speak to you like a father.(让我像一名父亲同样和你发言)(措辞者不是听者的父亲)
(8)at the end of、by the end of、to the end、in the end的用法区分：at the end of…既可以暗示时候也能够暗示地址,译为“在…末；在…绝顶”,常与曩昔时连用；by the end of…只能暗示时候,译为“在…前；到…为止”,经常使用于曩昔完成时；in the end与at last根基等义,暗示“终究、最后”,通经常使用于曩昔时；to the end译为“到…的终点为止”,前面常常有暗示@活%TKqy1%动或持%t4551%续@性的动词。如：By the end of last term we had learned 16 units of Book III.(到上学期期末咱们已进修了第三册16个单位)/ At the end of the road you can find a big white house with brown windows.(在路的绝顶你能找到一幢有棕色窗户的白屋子)/ They left for Beijing at the end of last week.(上周末他们出发去了北京)/ In the end he succeeded in the final exams.(他终极在期末测验中考合格了)/ We should go on with the work to the end.(咱们应当把事情干到底)/ Follow this road to the end and you will see a post office.(沿这条路走到底就可以瞥见一家邮电局)
(9)for a moment、for the moment、in a moment、at the moment的区分：for a moment“一下子、半晌”(=for a while),常与延续性动词连用；for the moment“临时、今朝”,经常使用于如今时；in a moment“一下子、当即、顿时”(=soon;in a few minutes),一般用于未来时；at the moment“现在,眼下”(=now),用于如今举行时。如：Please wait for a moment.(请稍等)/ Let’s leave things as they are for the moment.(临时就保持近况吧！) / I’ll come back in a moment.(我过会儿回来)/ I am very busy at the moment.(眼下我很忙)
(10)but的问题：用介词but引出另外一个动词时,要注重：若是前面有do,后面就用真相动词,前面没有do时,后面的动词要加to。如：I could donothing but wait.(我甚么也做不了只能等) / They had no choice(选择) but to fight.(他们没有选择只有战役)
(11)in front of与in the front of： in front of“在…的前面”, 与in the front of“在…的前部”。如：A car was parking in front of the hall.(大厅跟前停着一辆汽车)/ In the front of the hall stood a big desk.(大厅前部立着一个大讲台)
(12)except与besides的区分：except“除”,暗示@解%VU9Ea%除掉或%Q8798%人@物,即不包括；而besides“除”则暗示包括,即“不但……又……”。如：Everyone went to the Palace Museumexcept Tom.(除Tom,大师都去了故宫博物院)(Tom没有去故宫)/Besides Chinesehe also studied many other subjects.(除汉语以外,他还学其他很多作业)(“汉语”也是他学的作业之一)
