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有不少英语进修者问怎样样晋升写作程度。
很多进修者尽力的影象各类词组和句型表达，好比增长（increase、climb、surge、boom）、削减（decrease、dive、drop、jump、plu妹妹et），好比特别句型：only if…、by no means…等等。
我这里要讲的是，写作最焦点的是框架，也就是文章的谋篇结构，句型和用词却是其次。说白了，写文章要清楚了然简直定第一段写甚么、第二段写甚么，怎样开首（凤头）、过渡（猪肚）、末端（豹尾）。
写作是为了表达意思去选择符合的句型和词语，而不是为了用花梢的句型和词语硬搬硬凑。最佳的文章给人通报出很明白的信息和感情，再加上公道的条理瓜葛，绝对会是上乘之作，好比说海明威的《白叟与海》，几近没有任何花狸狐哨，简略的文字足以震慑人心。
今天咱们看一下《经济学人》对中国暖锅行业的察看，文章逻辑分明、条理丰硕，绝对可以参考写作。
为了防止打乱赏识文章的节拍，如下不会对所有生词都做诠释，也不会对所有句子都做翻译，我怕中文翻译欠好，影响对原文的赏识。
第一段
①Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan province, has an ancient rivalry with Chongqing, a city to its south-east. ②Residents of Chongqing accuse their Chengdu cousins of being pompous. The people of Chongqing are hotheads, Chengdu dwellers shoot back. ③Both cities share a love of spice-laden Sichuan cuisine, which in recent decades has conquered Chinese palates. ④But they are at war over which has the best Sichuan hotpot—a type of DIY-cooking that involves boiling vegetables and slices of meat in a co妹妹unal broth with chillies and numbing peppercorns.
第①句交接了成都（四川的首都）和重庆相互地舆位置，又是古老的敌手（ancient rivalry）。
第②句说成都和重庆互怼，去过四川或重庆的应当都听过本地人对对方嗤之以鼻。
第③句阐明暖锅在中国的普及水平，已占据了中国人的味觉（conquered Chinese palates），看着这句话，就想起来不但是成都和重庆大街冷巷开满了暖锅店，天下各地都有暖锅店，说conquer不为过。
第④句看经济学人若何描写暖锅：一种便宜的菜肴（DIY-cooking）——一桌人共用（co妹妹unal）煮沸（boiling）的肉汤（broth）里加蔬菜（vegetables）、肉片（slices of meat）、辣椒干（chillies）和麻辣胡椒粒（numbing peppercorns）。
这一段话交接了大量的信息，包含人文、地舆、食品、行业（暖锅占据），没有一句空话，也没有高妙的句型和词语，读起来就是顺。
第二段
①A private museum in Chongqing, opened several years ago, makes the case for Chongqing-style hotpot. ②It describes how it developed from a method used to make cheap offcuts of meat taste delicious. ③But Chengdu is playing catch-up. In January the city sold a plot of land on condition that the developer build a hotpot museum on part of it. ④Such presumptuous behavior will test the famous fiery tempers of Chongqing-ites. ⑤Chengdu may be the capital of Sichuan cuisine’s eponymous province, but Chongqing was part of Sichuan for long periods of history until 1997. It is now the capital of its own province-sized region, which is also called Chongqing.
几年前重庆人办了一个博物馆，展现重庆气概的暖锅。为了使得廉价的边角料肉类更好吃，人们发现了一种法子，厥后成长为暖锅。这个故事大师都听过，说有些边角料的肉繁华人家不肯意吃，麻烦老苍生拿来做菜，为了增长口感，逐步成长为暖锅制法。
第⑤句再次交接重庆与四川的汗青瓜葛，1997年从四川自力出来。
这一段是交接了四川和重庆为了争取暖锅之王的称呼，争相建博物馆，可见两地人对暖锅的酷爱和这类热忱情况下躁动的脾性。
第三段
①The two cities are among many in China with their own styles of hotpot. ②The stories behind these dishes reveal how different regions like to see themselves. ③Chongqing’s is said to highlight the ingenuity of the proletariat. ④Other places describe their hotpots as the sophisticated food of emperors. ⑤Some say theirs have military origins: warriors on the march boiling scraps in their helmets. ⑥Hotpot contents are equally diverse. ⑦To keep warm in winter, Beijingers boil fatty lamb in a berry broth. ⑧Mint-suffused Yunnanese hotpot reflects the province’s links with South-East Asia.
四川和重庆的暖锅只是中国暖锅种类的此中具备代表性的两种（第①句），而其他各地暖锅各有故事（stories）。没错！暖锅是有故事的！而故事则揭露了本地人但愿外人若何对待他们（how different regions like to see themselves）。好比重庆凸起表示（highlight）劳苦人民（proletariat）的心灵手巧（ingenuity）。其他地域把暖锅描写为帝王享用的精巧食品（sophisticated food）。有人说暖锅发源于部队：行军途中的壮士在头盔中加热冷炙馂余。
那暖锅的食材是不是也有分歧？有的！北京报酬了保暖喜好煮肥羊（fatty lamb），而云南与东南亚有接洽（links with South-East Asia），暖锅多利用薄荷（Mint-suffused）。
这一段是极为磨练辞汇量和写作素材的，没有高妙的句型，有的是丰硕的描写条理感，每句话都是一个故事。写作，要堆集素材，要晓得写哪些工具，比晓得用哪些句型有效的多。
第四段
①But Sichuan-style broths are the most co妹妹only savoured in China. ②In recent years their popularity has been booming. ③China has around 350,000 hotpot restaurants. ④About 40,000 of them are said to be in the Chongqing region alone. ⑤Hotpot restaurants in China are more profitable than other kinds, according to iiMedia, a consultancy. ⑥Haidilao, a well-known Sichuanbased hotpot chain, raised nearly $1bn when it was listed on the Hong Kong exchange in September. ⑦The company is taking its hotpot global. ⑧It expanded into Canada in December. ⑨Branches are set to open in London later this year.
整体来讲川锅在海内是最风行的服法（the most co妹妹only savoured in China），并且比年来极为火爆（their popularity has been booming）。不但是风行，其利润也高于其他类型餐饮（more profitable than other kinds），川锅海底捞连锁品牌上市时表露其营收到达了10亿美元。并且今朝正在全世界扩大（taking its hotpot global），客岁12月开到了加拿大，本年晚些时辰要在伦敦开业。
第五段
①The more adventurous tastes of younger Chinese are fuelling demand. ②One third of customers at hotpot restaurants in China are aged between 25 and 30, iiMedia says. ③They often have little time to cook at home and are unburdened by child-care duties. ④They like the social aspects of sharing hotpots. ⑤Round-the-clock restaurants are sprouting up to allow leisurely feasting.
今朝的情势：中国年青人的尝鲜口胃助推了暖锅的需求（fuelling demand）。（第①句）
年青人吃暖锅的需求有多兴旺：三分之一（one third）。（第②句）
年青人爱好暖锅的缘由呢？接下来三句别离说了三点缘由：
l 年青人没时候在家里烧饭，并且少有赐顾帮衬小孩的责任（没生小孩或交给爸妈赐顾帮衬了）（第③句）。
l 年青人喜好吃暖锅这类情势的社交。（第④句）
l 渐渐呈现的24小时业务的暖锅店使得落拓地吃暖锅成为可能。（第⑤句）
这一段是经典写作范文，第①句说大情势，第②句用数据左证，第③④⑤句阐明呈现这类环境的缘由，并且缘由的进献水平是由大到小。这类写作方法是经常使用的阐发型段落。
第六段
①While younger Chinese are increasingly health-conscious, they seem to brush off regular hotpot-hygiene scandals. ②A viral video of a pregnant woman fishing a rat from her broth caused a cooling in the shares of Xiabuxiabu, a chain restaurant named after a Japanese style of hotpot, but they heated up again a few days later. ③Haidilao even won plaudits when it admitted that rats had been found in some kitchens and vowed to clean up its act. ④News of other businesses reusing weeks-old oil in the broth is greeted with a shrug. ⑤The grubbiest hotpot joints are usually the best, young people often say with a grin.
固然年青的中国人愈来愈器重康健问题，但彷佛选择冷视频仍的暖锅卫生丑闻（brush off regular hotpot-hygiene scandals）。
日本暖锅呷哺呷哺里吃出老鼠致使其股价凉了几天，可是过几天又涨上去了（heated up）。
海底捞认可其厨房发明了老鼠，许诺确捍卫生，竟然博得了喝采（won plaudits）。
新暖锅店利用了放了N周的油（weeks-old oil），消费者报之以无所谓（is greeted with a shrug）。
年青人经常嘴一咧，说最脏的肉是最佳吃的。
注重这里的几个用法，出格成心思。weeks-old：放了几周的油。有查询拜访显示有人感觉地沟油（Gutter oil）的暖锅好吃。
对暖锅卫生的立场：没那末紧张（young people often say with a grin），好吃就行（is greeted with a shrug）。
写法上，这段与第五段同样，第①句管辖全段，后续句子层层递进的证实第①句。
第七段
①Not all Chinese warm to hotpot. ②Some older Sichuanese disown it altogether. ③They complain that it is causing an escalation of chilli-use in other dishes that drowns out subtle flavours. ④Chua Lam, a celebrity food critic based in Hong Kong, caused a stir in December when he wished hotpot would disappear from the face of the Earth. ⑤He dismissed it as “the most uncultured 
form of cooking”, requiring no real culinary knowledge.
莫非暖锅是万人迷，没人腻烦吗？确切有人不喜好暖锅。为甚么呢？由于川锅的风行致使了红辣椒在其他菜肴中滥用（an escalation of chilli-use in other dishes），从而浸没了菜品本来奥妙的味道（drowns out subtle flavours）。
更有极度批判者启动一项举措，但愿能让暖锅在地球上消散，他认为暖锅不必要任何真实的烹调常识（requiring no real culinary knowledge），是最没有文化的烹调（the most uncultured form of cooking）。
一般群情性文章城市写正反两面，有正有反才是真正的，如许才会显得丰满。
仍是那句话，写作最首要的是有工具写，而不是用甚么句型写。
第八段
①But Chengdu’s plans for a museum suggest that Sichuan hotpot is not only growing in popularity, but is also becoming iconic. ②If it can set the West on fire, officials may hope it will become a delicious new source of Chinese soft power. ③There will be plenty of glory for both Chengdu and Chongqing to bask in if that happens.
成都建暖锅博物馆表白川锅不但仅是风行，而是酿成了标记。若是暖锅能点燃西方社会的味蕾，那末有望成为中国的一项新的软气力。若是成真的话，成都和重庆可沉醉的声誉就更多了。
最后一段与第一段、第二段呼应，又回到了四川和重
庆建暖锅博物馆这件事。
呼应不但单是要呼应征象，更要深条理发掘此中的社会心义，如许才能是完备的竣事文章。末端做了深入的察看，把暖锅阐发为一种文化和软气力，建博物馆已再也不首要，首要的是文化的认同和输出。
总结
老子《品德经》讲道神通：
道，是法则、天然法例，上乘。
法，是法子、法理，中乘。
术，是行式、方法，下乘。
谋篇结构是道，没有道，起承转合是法，句型和辞汇是术。
谋篇结构乐成了，文章也就乐成了一泰半，剩下的是若何简便、安稳、富有条理的表达寄义。
文章不知若何写起的时辰，就想一想暖锅，想一想这篇文章。
