英语词性语法详解—动词

动词的语态是动词的一种情势,暗示主语和谓语之间语法或语义的瓜葛.英语的语态有两种∶自动语态和被动语态.自动语态用于自动句,暗示主语是动作的履行者.被动语态用于被动句.暗示主语是动作…

动词的语态是动词的一种情势,暗示主语和谓语之间语法或语义的瓜葛.英语的语态有两种∶自动语态和被动语态.自动语态用于自动句,暗示主语是动作的履行者.被动语态用于被动句.暗示主语是动作的经受者.自动语态的组成方法与动词时态不异,而被动语态由助动词be+曩昔分词 组成. 有人称,数. 时态的变革

相干常识点精讲 1. loat 的用法

1)当let后只有一个单音节动词,变被动语态时,可用不带t。的不定式。比方∶

They let the strange go.他们放目生人走了。

–>The strange was let go.

2)当let 后宾补较永劫,let 凡是不消被动语态,而用allow或

The nurse let me go to s my clasmate in the hospital.那护士让我去看望住院的同窗,

—–>I was allowed/permitted to se my clasmatein the

2. 短语动词的被动语态

短语动词是一个总体,不成丢掉后面的介词或副词。比方∶ My sister will be taken care of byGrandra. 我mm由奶奶照 Sucha thing has rever been heard of before 如许的事闻所未闻。

3.暗示”听说”或”信赖”的词组,根基上由believe, consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,s. suppose,think,understand等构成。比方∶ It is said that… 听说 It is reported that… 据报导 It is believed that… 大师信赖 It is hoped that… 大师但愿 It is well known that…家喻户晓 It is thought that… 大师认为 lt is suggestod that… 据建议 It is taken granted that… 被视为固然 It has been decided that… 大师决议 It must be remember that…务必记着的是 4. 不消被动语态的环境

1) 不及物动词或不及物动词短语,如appear,diedisappear, end(vi竣事),fail,happen,last,lie.remain,sit spread,stand,break out,come true,fall asleep,keep silence,lose heart,take place等没有没有被动语态。比方∶ After the fire.verylittle remained of my house.大火事后,我家烧得所剩无几。

比力∶rise,fal,happen是不及物动词;raise,seat是及物动词。

要想准确地利用被动语态,就须注重哪些动词是及物的,哪些是不及物的。出格是一词多义的动词常常有两种用法。解决这一问题惟有在进修进程中多留心堆集。

2)不克不及用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语,如fit,have,hold, marry,,own,wish, cost. notice,watch agree with,arrive at/in,shake hands with,succeed in,suffer from,happen to, take part in,walk into,belong to等。比方∶ This key just fits the lock.这把钥匙只配这把锁。 Your story agrees withwhat had already been hard.你说的与咱们据说的一致。

3) 系动词无被动语态,如appear,be become,fal,feel,get. grow,keep,look,remain,seem, smell,sound,stay,taste, turn等。比方∶It sounds god.听上去不错。

4)携同源宾语的及物动词如die/death,dream/dream,live/lfe等,和反身代词,互相代词,不克不及用于被动语态。比方∶ She dreamed a bad dreamlast night她昨晚做了个噩梦。 5) 当宾语是不定式时,很罕用于被动语态。比方∶(对) She likes to swim.(错) To swim is liked by her. 5. 自动情势暗示被动意义

1)wash.clean.cook,iron.look、cutsellread.wear. feel,draw,write,sell等。比方∶ The book sells well. 这本书销路好。 This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。

2)blame,let(出租),remain,keep,rent,build等。比方∶ Iwas to blame for the accident变乱产生了,我该受责怪。 Much work remains. 另有很多活要干。

3)在need.require,want,worth(形容词),deserve后的动名词必需用自动情势。比方∶

The door needs repairing= The dor neds to berepaired.门该修了。

This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。

4)特别布局∶make sb.heard/undorstod(使他人能听见/理解本身)等。比方∶

Explain it clearly and makeyourselfundersood.诠释清晰些,让他人理解你的话。

6.被动情势暗示自动意义,如 bg dterminod,be pleasd,b graduated(from),be prepared(for),be occupied(in), get married等。比方∶

H。 is graduated frGafanous uiversity.他结业于一所着名的大学。

注重∶暗示同或人成婚,用marys,或et aried t sb,都可。比方∶

He married arich girl 他与一个富妞成婚了。 He got married to a rich girl. 7.need/want/require/worth

当 need,want,require,beworth后面接doing时,暗示的是被动意义。比方∶

Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。 Thefloor requires washing.地板必要冲刷。

(二)时态

一观点∶

时态是英语谓语动词的一种情势,暗示动作产生的时候和所处的状况.英语中的时态是经由过程动词情势自己的变革来实现的 英语有16种时态,但中学阶段较经常使用的有十种∶一般如今时,一般曩昔时,一般未来时,曩昔未来时,如今举行时,曩昔举行时,未来举行时,曩昔完成时,英在完成时和如今完成举行时.二. 相干常识点精讲 1. 一般如今时的用法

1)常常性或习气性的动作,常与暗示频腮度的时候状语连用。时候状语∶ every…. sometimes,at…, on Sunday。比方∶ Ileave home for school at7everYymorning 天天早上我七点分开家。

2) 客观真谛,客观存在,科学究竟。比方∶ The earth moves araund the sun, 地球绕太阳滚动. Shanhailiesin the east of Chin.上海位于中国东部。 3) 暗示格言或警语。比方∶ Prid goes before afal. 骄者必败。

注重∶此用法若是呈现在宾语从句中,即便主句是曩昔时,从句谓语也要用一般如今时,

例;Columus proved that the earthisround 哥伦布证明了地球是圆的。

4) 如今时刻的状况、能力、性情、个性。比方∶丨 don’t want so much 我不要那末多。

Ann writes good English but does not speakwl.安英语写得不错,讲的可不可。

比力∶ NowⅠ put the sugar in the oup.把糖放入杯子。 I an doing my honework now. 我正在做作业。

第一句用一般如今时,用于操作演示或引导阐明的树模性动作,暗示言行的刹时动作。第二句中的now是举行时的标记,暗示正在举行的动作的客观状态,所今后句用一般如今时。 2.一般曩昔时的用法

1)在肯定的曩昔时候里所产生的动作或存在的状况。比方∶时候状语有∶ yesterday,last week,an hour ago.the other day.in 1982等。比方∶

Where did you go just now?适才你上哪儿去了? 2)暗示在曩昔一段时候内,常常性或习气性的动作。比方∶ When Iwas a child.Ioften played football in the stret.我是个孩子的时辰,常在马路上踢足球。

Whenever the Browns went during their visit,they weregiven a warm wel cor

当时,布朗一家不管何时去,都遭到强烈热闹接待。 3)句型∶Itis time for sb.to do sth”到……时候了””该……了”。比方∶It is time for you to go to bed 你该睡觉了。

Itis time that sb.did sth.”时候已迟了””早·……了”,比方It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。 would (had)rather sb.didsth. 暗示’甘愿或人做某事’。比方∶I’drather you came tomorrow.仍是来日诰日来吧。

4)wish,wonder,think,hope 等用曩昔时,作摸索性的扣问、哀求、建议等,而一般曩昔时暗示的动作或状况都已成为曩昔,现已不复存在。比方∶Ithought you might have some.我觉得你想要一些。

比力∶Christine was an invalid all herlife(寄义∶她已不在

Christine has been an invalid all her life.(寄义∶她如今还在世)

Mrs.Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.(寄义∶达比太太已再也不住在肯塔基州。)

Mrs.Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.(寄义∶如今还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚拜别)注重∶ 用曩昔时暗示如今,暗示婉转语气。 1)动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend 等。比方∶ Did you want anything elsc?您还要些甚么吗? I wondered if you could help me.能不克不及帮我-下。 2)情态动词 could,would。比方∶

Could you lend me your bike?你的自行车,能借用一些吗?

1) shall用于第一人称,常被wilI 所取代。wilI 在报告句顶用于大家称,在收罗定见时经常使用于第二人称。比方∶ Which paragraph shall Iread first?我先读哪一段呢? Willyou be at home at seven this evening?今晚七点回家好吗?

2) be going to+不定式,暗示未来。

a.主语的用意,行将做某事。比方∶What are you going to do

b.规划,放置要产生的事。比方∶The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。

c.有迹象要产生的事。比方∶Look at the dark clouds,thereis going to be a storm. 看那乌云,将近下雨了。

3)be +不定式表未来,按规划或正式放置将产生的事。比方∶ We are to discuss the report next Saturday.咱们下礼拜六会商这份陈述。

4) be about to+不定式,意为顿时做某事。比方∶ He is about to leave for Beijing 他顿时要去北京。注重∶be about to do 不克不及与tomorrow,next week 等暗示明白未来时的时候状语连用。 4.一般如今时表未来

1)以下动词come.go.arrive.leave.start.begin.return的一般如今时可以暗示未来,重要用来暗示在时候上已肯定或放置好的事变。比方∶

The train leaves at sixtomorrow morning.火车来日诰日上午六点

When does the bus star?It stars in ten minutes.汽车何时开?十分钟后。

2)以here,there等起头的倒装句,暗示动作正在举行。比方∶ lere comes the bus.= The bus is omng.车来了。 There goes the bell.= The be11 isringing 铃响了。 3)在@时%5EVSe%候或前%V6EO8%提@句中。比方∶

When BilI comes (不是will come),ask him to wait for me.比尔来后,让他等我。

I’lwrite toyou as soon asIarrive there.我到了那边,就写信给你。

4)在动词hope,take carethat,make surethat等的宾语从句中。比方∶

Ihope they have a nice time next week.我但愿他们下礼拜玩得

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the rom. 分开房间前,务必把窗户关了。 5. 用如今举行时暗示未来

以下动词come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return等如今举行时可以暗示未来。比方’m leaving tomorrow.来日诰日我要走了,

Are you staying here till next wook?你会在这儿呆到下周吗? 6. 如今完成时

如今完成时用来暗示以前已产生或完成的动作或状况,其成果的影响如今还存在;也可暗示延续到如今的动作或状况。其组成∶hav(has)+曩昔分词.

7. 比力一般曩昔时与如今完成时

1)一般曩昔时暗示曩昔某时产生的动作或纯真论述曩昔的事变,夸大动作;如今完成时为曩昔产生的,夸大曩昔的@事%HmE87%变对如%3i542%今@的影响,夸大的是影响。

2)一般曩昔经常与详细的时候状语连用,而如今完成时凡是与模胡的时候状语连用,或无时候状语

一般曩昔时的时候状语∶yesterday,last wek,…ago,in1980, in October,just now等,皆为详细的时候状语。

如今完成时的时候状语∶for,since,sofar,ever,never,just, yet,t让/until,up to now,in past years,always等,皆不肯定的时候状语

配合的时候状语∶this morning,tonight,this April,now already, recently. lately 等。

3)如今完成时可暗示延续到如今的动作或状况,动词通常为持续性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study, know。

一般曩昔时经常使用的非延续性动词有come.go,leave.startdie.

I saw this film yostorday.(夸大看的动作产生过了) have seen thisfilm (@夸%ie45R%大对如%3i542%今@的影响,片子的内容已晓得了)

Whydid you get up so early? (夸大起床的动作已产生过了) Whohasn’t handod in his paper?(夸大有卷子未交,疑为不公允竞争)

He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状况可持续)

He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状况可延续)

句子中若有曩昔时的时候副词(如yesterday,last,week,in 1960)时,不克不及利用如今完成时,要用曩昔时。

(错)Tom has written aletter to his parents last night.(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 8. 用于如今完成时的句型

1)It is the first/second timethat…布局中的从句部门,用如今完成时。比方∶

Itis the firsttime thatIhave visited the city.这是我第一次拜候这都会。

This is the first time(that)I’ve heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌

注重∶ It was the third time that the boy had been late 2)This is+形容词最高档+that…布局,that 从句要用如今完成时。比方∶

This is the best film thatI’ve (ever)sn.这是我看过的最佳的片子。

9. 曩昔完成时 1) 观点∶暗示曩昔的曩昔

—-其组成是had +曩昔分词组成。当时 如今当时之前 2)用法

a.在told. said.knew,heard.thought等动词后的宾语从句。例

She sid(that)shehad never been to Paris.她奉告我她曾去过巴黎。 b. 状语从句

在曩昔分歧时候产生的两个动作中,产生在先,用曩昔完成时;产生在后,用一般曩昔时。比方∶

When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.差人达到时,小偷们早就跑了。

c. 暗示意向的动词,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend, mean,suppose等,用曩昔完成时暗示”本来…,未能…。比方∶ We had hoped that you wouldcome,but you didn’t.当时咱们但愿你能来,可是你没有来。

3)曩昔完成时的时候状语before,by,until,when,after, once, as soon as。比方∶

He said that he had learned some English before.他说过他之前学过一些英语

By the time he was twelve,Edison had began to makea living by himself. 到了十二岁那年,爱迪生起头本身餬口。

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when

汤姆绝望了,由于他达到晚会时,大部门客人已走了。 10. 用一般曩昔时取代曩昔完成时

1)两个动作如按次序产生,又不夸大前后,或用then,and,but等连词时,多用一般曩昔时。比方∶

When she saw the mouse,she screamed.她看到老鼠,就叫了起来。

My aunt gave me a hat andI lostit.姑妈给了我一顶帽子,我把它丢了。

2 ) 两个动作接踵产生,可用一般曩昔时;如第一个动作必要若干时候完成,用曩昔完成时。比方∶

When I heard the news.I was very excited.

3)论述汗青究竟,可不消曩昔完成时,而只用一般曩昔时。例

Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.

11. 未来完成时 1)组成will have done

a.状况完成∶暗示某事继续到未来某一时为止一向有的状况。比方∶

TheywilI have been married for 20 years by then.到当时他们成婚将有二十年了。

b.动作完成∶暗示未来某一时或另外一个未来的动作以前,已完成的动作或得到的履历。比方;

You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.来日诰日此

12如今举行时如今举行时的根基用法

a. 暗示如今(指措辞人措辞时)正在产生的事变。比方∶ We are waiting for you.咱们正在等你。

b.习气举行∶暗示持久的或反复性的动作,措辞时动作未必正在举行。比方∶

Mr.Green is writing another novel.他在写另外一部小说。(措辞时并未在写,只处于写作的状况。)

c 暗示渐变,如许的动词有∶get.grow,become,turn.run,go, begin等。比方∶

The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。 lt’s getting warmer and warmer.天愈来愈热了。

d 与always,constantly,forever 等词连用,暗示频频产生的动作或延续存在的状况,常常带有措辞人的主观色采。比方∶ You are always changing your mind.你总是扭转主张。 13. 曩昔举行时

1)观点∶ 暗示曩昔某时正在举行的状况或动作。

2)曩昔举行时的重要用法是描写一件事产生的布景;一个长动作持续的时辰,另外一个短动作产生

3) 经常使用的时候状语有this morning,the whole morning.all day yesterday,from nine to ten last evening,when,while等。例

himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来,受了伤。

It was raining when theyleft thestation.他们分开车站时,

When I got to the top of the mountain, the sum was shining.我达到山顶时,阳光光辉。 14. 未来举行时

英语词性语法详解—动词插图
1)观点∶暗示未来某时举行的状况或动作,或按展望未来会产生的事变。比方∶

She’ll be coming son.她会很快来的

I’IIbe meeting him sometime in the future.未来我必定去见

注重∶未来举行时不消于暗示”意志”,不克不及说ⅠⅡ behaving a talk with her

2)经常使用的时候状语有soon,tomorrow,this evening,on Sunday, by this time,tomorrow,in two days,tomorrowevening等。比方∶By this time tomorrow,I’II beying on the beach. 来日诰日此时,我正躺在海滩上呢。 15. 一般如今时取代一般未来时

When,while,before,after,til,once,as soon as,so long whether, the moment. the minute. the day.the year. i妹妹ediately等指导的时候状语从句,前提句中,用一般如今时取代未来时。比方∶

He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing.他一到北京,就去看他阿姨。 16. 一般如今时取代一般曩昔时 1 ) “书上说”,”报纸上说”等。比方∶

The newspaper says that it’s going tobe cold tomorrow.报纸上阐明天会很冷的。 2) 论述旧事,使其活泼。比方∶

Napoleon’s army now advances and the great battle begins.拿破仑的部队正在向前挺进,大战起头了 17. 一般如今时取代如今完成时

1) 有些动词用一般如今时取代完成时,如hear,tell,learn,
英语词性语法详解—动词插图1
write,understand,forget,know,find,say,remerber等,比方∶

I hear (= have heard)hewill g toLondon.我据说了他将去伦敦。

1forget (zhave forgottn)how old he is.、我忘了他多大 2)用句型”It is …since…”取代”It has bon …since…”。比方∶

It is (= has been)five years since we last met.从咱们前次碰头以来,五年曩昔了。 18. 一般如今时取代如今举行时。

在Herecome…Therego…等句型里,用一般如今时取代如今举行时。比方∶

There goes the beII.铃响了。 19. 如今举行时取代未来时

1) 暗示行将产生的或预定中规划好的勾当。比方∶ Areyou stayingwthus this wekend?和咱们一块儿度周末好吗? We are leaving son.咱们顿时就走。

2)渐变更词,如getrun.grow.beome.begin和刹时动词die等。比方∶

He is cying 他要死了。 20. 时态一致

1)若是从句所论述的为@真%UqK6y%谛或相%488X8%对%488X8%于@稳定的究竟,则用如今时。比方∶

At that time。people did not know that the arth moves. 当时,人们不晓得地球是动的。

He told melast week that he is eighten.上礼拜他奉告我他十八岁了。

2)宾语从句中的,助动词ought,need.must,dare的时态是稳定的。比方∶

He thought thatI ned not tellyou the truth,他认为我没必要奉告你原形。

作者: admin

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