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14. What can we infer from the last/the first two paragraphs?
15. The meaning of the word/sentence in Paragraph X is related to?
16. In Paragraph X, “X X X” can be replaced by?
17. The underlined word “X “/sentence in Paragraph X probably mean.
18. The text is mainly written to explain.
19. Which of the following statements is true?
20. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?
基于上述测试要点，学生在浏览进程中必需具有以下技术，才能获得和处置信息：
1．略读；
2．找读；
3．展望下文；
4．理解大意；
5．分清文章中的究竟和概念；
6．猜想词义；
7．推理果断；
8，领会重点细节；
9。理解文章布局；
10.理解图表信息；
11.理解指代瓜葛；
12.理解逻辑瓜葛；
13.理解作者用意；
14.评价浏览内容。
要具有上述技术，应当做到：
1.学会利用3500个摆布的单词、400-500个合成词与派生词和400-500个习习用语或固定搭配；
2.除课本外，课外浏览量应积累到达30万词以上，换言之，长度300词摆布的文段1000篇；
3.能经由过程阐发句子的布局理解难句和长句(能理解说话布局有必定难度或有必定新说话征象的文段)；
4.能按照浏览目标和文段的分歧，调解浏览速率和浏览法子，浏览速率每分钟70-80词。
2、文章分类阐发
按照积年测验的环境看，阐明文、论述文的文长根基节制在300词摆布。是以，文章的大旨大意多呈现在第一段，乃至第一段的前几句，最后一段多与第一段呼应；至于中心的部门，可能是论据或阐明文的开展部。浏览理解的问题也以以下情势呈现：
1. What is the best title for/of the passage?
2. What can be inferred from the passage?
3. What does the author mainly tell us about in the text？
4. What is mainly discussed in the article/passage/text?
作答这种问题时，将浏览重点放在首尾部门，中心部门则可采纳略读或扫读的方法，一则省时候，二则方针明白，正答率天然也响应提高了。
(一)浏览理解之细节题的解题思绪
主题思惟只是文章的框架，作者在构想进程中，还必需对要表达的概念或信息举行详细的报告，读者应能正确记着作者在报告中谈到是何人、那边、何事、和什么时候何以，这是十分首要的。是以，读者必需器重人名、日期、究竟、数据和地址等。对付这种细节性的问题，大都文章都比力较着地供给了究竟和细节，其谜底一定在文章阐述范畴以内。读者应当找出文章中为所作的选择供给根据的单词和句子，而不克不及离开原文去获得信息，也不克不及仓皇地作出没有原文按照的假如。
细读是获得究竟和细节不成缺乏的法子之一，它使读者可以或许接管信息、影象信息、阐发信息，从而较深刻地了解一篇文章。
这种题型重要有三种情势：问句式，不完备的报告句和解除法。
1．问句式
A．其提问情势重要有如下几种：
How did something happen?
Which of the following people should(not) do it?
Which of the following did somebody have to deal with… ?
Where should somebody do something?
B．解题技能
在解这种题时，可采纳“对号入坐”的法子，即带着问题找句子，先看文章后面的问题(这经常被认为是很是有用的法子)，注重影象关头的词语，如。人物、时候、事务等，肯定每道标题的提问中间，也，就是说，某个问题是针对甚么发问的。如许咱们便可以带着问题去浏览文章，做到对症下药。
把每一个问题的提问中间反馈到原文中去。当读到有关解答提问中间的信息时，可在有关信息下面画一向线以示凸起。若是问题的次序没有按次序给出，可以在原文信息下画线的同时，把问题的题号也标出来，便于最后查抄，并节省时候。
在原文中找出对提问中间的解复书息后，可把原文信息放到问题中去，与每选项举行比照，与原文信息符合的那项，便是准确的谜底。
Cattle have served humanity since prehistoric(史前) days as beasts of burden and as supplier of leather, meat, and milk. Some of the earliest written records concern the sale of cattle. These valuable animals are unusual in that they do not have front teeth in their upper jaw. Instead they chew with their back teeth and gums (齿龈). Cows swallow their food quickly and store it in the fat stomach or rumen, the first of the four compartments stomachs in their.
Questions: According to the passage, what is the rumen?
A. The first stomach compartment.
B. The name of the upper jaw.
C. The stomach where digestion (消化) takes place.
D. The name of the bacteria(细菌) in the cow’s stomach.
带着提问中间及选择项目浏览原文。当咱们读到rumen这个词时，可在它下面画一横线，紧接此词下面一句“first of the four compartments in their stomachs”，恰是诠释rumen的，可在它的下面画一虚线并可标出题号和选择项。
2．不完备的报告句式
A．常见情势有：
Something can be best classified as .
A certain kind of person is someone who .
People are looking for better ways to .
According to the author,“it”was caused by .
B．解题技能：
这种题的谜底与原文在字面上的差别很大，有时还要找出与前句的内容在逻辑上的接洽，是以答这种题时正确理解是关头，必定要岑寂，细心阐发。在做不完备的报告式标题时辰，仍可参考上面罗列的解题步调。第一步，浏览标题，找出问题的提问中间。第二步，带着这些问题来浏览文章。第三步，按照前两步的阐发和果断，选择出最合适题意的谜底。
3．解除式
A．常见情势有：
Which of the following are NOT mentioned in the passage?
Which of the following is TRUE?
Which of the following is NOT listed in … ?
Which of the following is NOT included in the passage?
B．解题技能：
做这种题时，起首要细心浏览题后的选项，服膺各个选项所论述的分歧内容，然后浏览原文。通常原文中的信息与选择项内容不异的，咱们可以在这些信息下面划线，以作为解除的内容。若是根基选项的内容在原文找不到响应的信息，那末该选项即为该题的谜底。这种题与前两种题型分歧，后者谜底应包含在原文内容中，即与所述的究竟具备直接或间接的接洽，而前者的谜底是被解除在原文内容以外的，是以在答题时要将与原文内容有关的三个选项解除，剩下的一个才是谜底。
Life on Land
Life on land probably began about 430 million years ago, though it has existed in the water for perhaps as long as 3000 million years. When we think of the first life on land, we probably think of strange animals coming out of the oceans, but, in fact ,no animals could have been living if plants had not been on land first. Plants had to be on land before animals arrived. They supplied the first land animals with the surrounding and food necessary, since they–the plants are the only form of life that is able to get and store energy.
The first plants to exist out of the water were probably certain kinds of algae (海藻) which were followed by other plants that grew close to the ground and needed water in which to reproduce.
Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Algae have existed for more than 430 million years.
B. It is impossible that algae might be the earliest plant on land.
C. Plants get food from animals in the oceans.
D. Evolution began after animals appeared on land.
这是一道究竟扣问题。必要把漫笔第一段首句
“Life on land probably began about 430 million years ago”和漫笔第二段首句“The first plants to exist out of the water were probably certain kinds of algae”接洽起来斟酌，准确谜底为A。B、C、D三项与漫笔内容均不符，应解除。
(二)浏览理解之正确找出主题句
浏览理解的技能中很是首要的一点是在浏览中敏捷地捉住文章或段落的中间思惟。
段落的组成有其内涵的纪律，此中心思惟常常是经由过程段落中的主题句来表现的。是以领会并把握这些纪律，敏捷找出主题句，从而捉住中间思惟对付提高浏览理解能力大有好处。
这些纪律主如果经由过程主题句在段落中所处的分歧的位置表现的。是以同窗们起首应答如下四种段型有所领会，然后经由过程一系列成心识的练习把握它们。
1．首句是主题句的纪律
①赐与例证、诠释或阐明的段落；
②下界说的段落；
③对两个或两个以上的事物作比力或比拟的段落；
④表白缘由和成果(常常成果交接在前)的段落。
主题句是首句的段落老是用演绎法撰写，遵守从一般到个体或特别的写作步伐，即以概述开段，随之辅以细说。如许的段落在文章中呈现得至多，据专门钻研浏览理论与技能的专家们统计，几率到达70%。请看下例：
People who talk and sing to plants have no mental problems at all, according to an agricultural expert. “In fact, singing and talking to plants makes them grow better,” says Dr Braymar. The reason is quite simple. When we sing or talk to plants, we exhale(呼出) CO2 which plants need to survive (continue to live)and grow better. Plants absorb (take in) CO2 through their pores(小孔) during the sunlight hours and produce oxygen which people to survive. Singing and talking have good effect on plants, however, only during the daytime. Singing or talking at bedtime will not help plants to grow better or grow faster.
本段的首句是主题句，厥后的句子或是诠释阐明“对植物措辞或唱歌有利于植物”，或是为这一主题思惟供给论据。本段的末端句呼应主题句，在赐与主题思惟又一论据的同时，诙谐地扫尾。
2．段落尾句是主题句的纪律
(1)论述一个不常见的或难以使人接管的概念的段落。
(2)旨在说服读者信赖乃至佩服其论点的段落。
尾句是主题句的段落老是用归纳法撰写的，其步伐是先表述细节或交接论据，最后作出归纳综合性的结论，以总结性的句子扫尾。这类写作法子的特色是从个体到一般，由特别性到共性。请看下例：
If you hadn’t known them, you would have thought Joe and Jim were quite alike. They were both tall and wore long and fair hair. They both walked with a steady stride (刚强的步调). They both spoke in a deep voice that made them selves seem much older than they really were. Both of them wore dark clothes as a rule, and they liked light coloured ties. But that was all the likeness they had. In other things they were sharply different. Joe was considerate and helpful, and everyone liked him. Jim, however, was very selfish and often flared into terrible anger (勃然盛怒) at little things that displeased him. Alike as Joe and Jim were on the surface, they were really very different in nature.
这段文字从乔与吉姆两小我相像和分歧的细节论述，最后一句作了归纳总结：这两人概况类似，但本色极不不异。
3．段落中心句是主题句的纪律
表述某种概念的段落的主题句常常处于段落的中心。如许段落先以一句或几句为主题句的呈现作铺垫，或是交接一个细节或论据。在主题句进场后，仍有得当数目的句子报告细节或继续赐与例证。这种段落包含几个条理：引题—主题思惟—诠释或“发问”—答复问题或继续赐与例证。如许段落的撰写老是遵守这条纪律：先归纳后演绎。给出一两个例证以后，作出归纳综合性的总结，然后按照这一结论再赐与例证来证明其论点。请看下例：
When you throw a ball up into the air as fast as you can, the ball reaches a point where it seems to pause for a moment, and then it comes down. When a bullet (枪弹) is shot straight up, it will travel much faster and higher than a ball, but it, too, will come down. Whatever goes up must come down. We have al-ways thought this to be true. An airplane may climb to a height of seventeen miles and then travel far and long. Yet it does not stay up forever. Finally, like every-thing else, the plane must come down.
本段文字中心划线的这句话是主题句。其行文次序与写作法子与上述的成长步伐彻底吻合。
(三)若何捉住长句的焦点
若何捉住长句的焦点
浏览较难的读物时，常常碰到很长的句子。这些长句常常是初学者在浏览理解中的拦路虎。借使倘使初学者具有正确找出长句的焦点的能力，那末这只拦路虎也就酿成了纸山君，一点也不成怕了。
作甚句子的焦点?所谓句子的焦点(the core of a sentence)，就是指句子最重要的成份：主语、谓语动词及其宾语或表语。这三种句子成份是句子最根基的要素。固然有的句子概况上很长，实在它们的焦点部门只不外是几个关头词。其他的部门通通都是为这几个焦点词办事的，或是描写润饰它们，或是诠释阐明如下细节：时候(when)、地址(where)、缘由(why)、方法(how)、何物(what)、数目(how many或how much)及何种成果(what result)等。下面将对曾在比年高测验题中呈现的一个长句举行阐发，因其具备权势巨子性、代表性和适用性。
实例Twenty students had just climbed their way to the top rung (最高的台阶) out of four million students taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest on Tues-clay evening at Jintan County, Jiangsu Province.
阐发进程的演示：
句子的焦点：students．．．climbed．．．way
句子的一系列细节：
How many：twenty out of four million
What result: to the top rung
What thing: the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest
Doing what: taking part in the… Contest
When: Tuesday evening
Where: Jintan County, Jiangsu Province
捉住句子的焦点后，咱们起首正确地舆解了句子最重要的成份：……学生登上最高的台阶。再颠末对这个长句的一系列细节的阐发，咱们可以更进一阵势领会到：四百多万加入“天下第五届华罗庚数学金杯赛”中的中学生里有二十个学生在礼拜二于江苏省金坛县登上了最高的台阶。
2．找出谓语动词是捉住焦点的关头
英语与汉语的一个区分就是英语中有三种非谓语动词情势：动词不定式、分词与动名词。这三种非谓语动词情势又各自有其一系列的情势，若是在句子中不克不及敏捷而又正确地找到谓语动词，必将会对理解构成紧张的停滞。是以找出句子的谓语动词就成为了捉住焦点的关头。
找出句子的谓语动词后，用who或what放在谓语动词前提问，便可以垂手可得地找到主语，然后再用whom或what提问，便可敏捷找出其宾语或表。语，和一系列状语，如许准确理解长句或难句就会变得轻松而轻易。请看下面例证中的划线的句子：
Sometimes an animal has a plant partner. The relationship develops until the two partners cannot manage without each other. This is so in corals(珊瑚) of the sea. In their skins, corals have tiny plants which act as “dustmen”, taking some of the waste products from the coral and giving in return oxygen which the animal needs very much to breathe.
乍看划线的这个句子，第一印象是这个句子很长，再看下去，就会感触这个长句中动词不少，多至六个。那末哪个是谓语动词呢?按照@咱%lc24z%们已把%Nbh3w%握@的根基常识，颠末语法阐发，不丢脸出这个句子的谓语动词是have。因而咱们用that放在have前发问：What have．．．?答复这个问题的进程就是找出主语的进程：corals have．．．。然后再用what放在谓语动词后提问：corals have what?找出这个问题的谜底也就找到了这个谓语动词have的宾语： have tiny plants。如许该句的最焦点的部门：主语、谓语和宾语就都正确地找到了。
3．语法阐发法是正确理解细节行之有用的法子
经由过程对上例的阐发，咱们可以使人佩服地让同窗们接管咱们关于若何捉住句子焦点的概念和法子。可是唯一这些，就想准确理解这么长这么繁杂的句子，那是不实际的。要想进一步准确而又深刻地舆解这个句
子，语法阐发法在实践中已被频频地证明了是行之有用的。在上例划线的句首处，用了介词词组：in their skins(在它们的皮肤上)，交接了corals have tiny plants的地址状语，现实上答复的是where(那边)的问题；在plants以后用的是限定性的定语从句：which act as“dustmen”(起到是干净事情用的微生物)，现实上答复的是what effect do they have(它们起的是甚么感化)的问题。在这个定语从句后呈现的是如今分词短语：taking some of the wasted products from the coral and giving in return oxygen．．．。颠末语法阐发，不丢脸出此处的分词短语起的是诠释阐明的感化，其意为：从珊瑚中清算掉一些废物的产品而奉还其氧气。在oxygen以后又呈现了一个定语从句：which the animal needs very much to breathe(此种动物很是必要呼吸的氧气)。
诚然，对付一个练习有素的考生，上述这一切是在很短的时候内完成的。可是其浏览、理解及思惟等进程，必需颠末上面论述的每个细节，是以他的准确理解成果必定是：在珊瑚的皮肤中，有着一些微生物，这些微生物在它们身体上充任着“干净工”，清算掉它们身体发生的废物，而还给珊瑚这类动物很是必要呼吸的氧气。
(四)猜词技能
浏览理解的测试中常常有猜想词、短语、习语意义的标题，这些词、短语、习语要末是生词，要末是熟词新义，单靠日常平凡堆集是不敷的，还要把握必定的做题技能。总结以下：
(1)按照构词法(转化、合成、派生)举行果断：在英语中，有不少词可以在前面加前缀(prefix)，或在后面加后缀(suffix)，从而组成一个词，乍看起来，这个词多是生词，但把握了必定的构词法，就不难猜出它的词义。比方：
“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10,” Anaclerio said, “and they’re very interactive and creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a subject.”
文中interactive是由前缀inter(互相的)和active(勾当的，活泼的)组成的，同时按照上下文的意思可以果断，该词的寄义应是“互动的”。
(2)按照上下文诠释作出果断：有时漫笔中呈现一个需猜想其意义的词或短语，下面接着呈现其界说域或诠释，这就是果断该词或短语意义的重要根据。请看下例：
Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Centre offers a wide variety ofchoices—deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches, Santana sedans are the big favourite.
畴前面的Car Rental Center可知出租车公司供给的只能是cars for rent(出租汽车)，也就是说划线的词都是出租汽车的名称。
(3)按照上下文的指代瓜葛举行选择：文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，此中it和that还可以指一件事。有期间词指代的工具相隔较远，要当真查找；有时必要对前面提到的内容举行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。比方：
However, the question that “moon people” asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.
起首，it指上句中的the question，而the question又指上一段中“月球人”所提的问题，以是要颠末两次查找才能选出谜底。
(4)按照迁移转变或比拟瓜葛举行果断：按照上下句的毗连词，如but，however，otherwise等便可以看到先后句在乎义上的不同，从而根据某一句的寄义，来肯定另外一句的寄义。此外，分号(；)也能够暗示迁移转变、比拟或不相关的意义。请看下例：A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle；it call be a basket of fun。从上下句可以看出，hassle和a basket of fun必定是近乎相反的意义，也就是a situation causing difficulty or trouble。
(5)按照因果瓜葛举行果断：俗语说，“有因必有果，有果必有因”。按照缘由可以展望成果，按照成果也能够找出缘由。比方：
Biggest power failure in the city’s history．．．All of our ice—cream and frozen foods melted．按照因果瓜葛，停电只能致使冰淇淋和冷冻食物“熔化”，也就是melted。
(6)按照同位瓜葛举行果断：浏览中有时呈现新词、难词，后面就随着一个同位语，对前面的词举行诠释，有时这类诠释也用连词“or”毗连。比方：
．．．，and other Germanic and Nordic peoples， who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon(or old English)，a Germanic language．此中old English，a Germanic language都是诠释Anglo—Saxon的。
