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根基观点：与汉语类似，英语句子是由主语(subject), 谓语动词(verb),宾语(object),
表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(object complement)等成份构成，依照这些成份的组合方法英语句子可分为五种根基句型。句子包括重要句子成份(主语、谓语)和次要句子成份(表语、宾语、宾语补足语),依照动词的性子将英语简略句划分为如下五种根基句型：
一、根基句型的词序：
一、主谓句型：S－Vi。
二、主系表句型：S－Vlink－P
三、主谓宾句型：S－Vt.－O
四、主谓双宾句型：S－Vt－O间宾－O直
五、主谓宾补句型：S－Vt－O－C
二、例句：
Jim is working [very hard] [now].（他如今正很是尽力地事情。）
She is young. （她年青。） It looks like rain. （天看上去要下雨。）
The boy [always] kicked the dog [with his feet]. （这男孩总是用脚踢那只狗。）
He has [never] bought me a toy [since last year]. （从客岁起他没给我买过一个玩具。）
He felt something (cold) .（他感触有个冰凉的工具顺着腿上爬。）
三、英语词类与句子成份瓜葛图：
[注释] 一、“√”暗示某种词类可以充任某个成份, “√√”暗示某种词类常常充任某个成份, “√√√”暗示某种词类最常常充任某个成份。 “×”暗示某种词类不克不及充任某个成份。
二、“ * ”暗示该成份可以由从句充任,如主语从句、宾语从句、状语从句等。
句型一：主语+不及物动词
不及物动词自己便可以表达完备的意念， 不必要宾语及补语， 但有时可有副词， 介词短语等状语润饰语。
e.g. The rain stopped . The old man walks in the park .
句型一的扩大：1.主语+不及物动词+状语
e.g. The machine works smoothly. (呆板运转正常。)
2.There +不及物动词+主语
e.g. There is some milk in the bottle . There comes the bus .
3. 主语+不及物动词+ 动词不定式
e.g. They stopped to take a short rest . (他们停下来稍作苏息)
出格提示
动词stop 可用作不及物动词，也可用作及物动词。作不及物动词时,
凡是后接动词不定式,暗示停下来的目标是做另外一件事。作及物动词时，凡是后接动名词,暗示遏制做这件事。 e.g. They stopped taking a rest .
句型二 ：主语+系动词+表语
系动词自己不克不及表达完备的意念没，必要形容词，名词，介词短语等来弥补阐明主语，也叫主语补语。
e.g. My sister is a nurse .I feel quite hungry . The ball is under the desk .
句型三：主语+及物动词+宾语
及物动词自己必要一个动作的接管者（宾语），才可以表达一个完备的意念。
e.g. We are learning English . Do you know him ? Your radio needs repairing . She hopes to see her uncle.
句型四：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
有些及物动词必要两个宾语才能表达一个完备意念。
e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt. Give me the book, please.
出格提示
A. 在此句型中， 凡是是间接宾语（人）在前，直接宾语（物）在后，有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对换，这时候接宾语前应加之得当的介词。
e.g. Her mother bought a skirt for her . Give the book to me , please .
直接宾语与间接宾语对换时，间接宾语前加介词to的动词有：
give(给), tell(奉告) , lend(借给) , sell(卖), teach(教) , send(寄给), write(写给), show(出示) , return(还给), bring(带给), pass(递给), leave(留给), offer(供给), hand(交给)
间接宾语前加介词for的动词有：
buy(买), choose(选择), get (弄到), make(做), order(订购), sing (唱歌), do (做), play(吹奏)
B. 若是直接宾语为人称代词那末必需把直接宾放在间接宾语前，且间接宾语前要加之得当的介词。
e.g. I handed it to our teacher . 不克不及说：I handed our teacher it .
C. 此句型变成被动语态时，可分为两种环境。
e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt .
a. She was bought a skirt by her mother . b. A skirt was bought for her by her mother.
句型五：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
及物动词自己必要一个宾语外， 还必要一个名词，形容词，副词, 动词不定式，分词来弥补阐明宾语，才能表达一个完备的意念。
e.g. We elected Li Yang our monitor. The news made us sad.
She saw the thief steal into the shop . The teacher asked me to answer the question .
I found the man stealing the money . I found my money stolen .
出格提示
A. 如今分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与如今分词之间是自动瓜葛；曩昔分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与曩昔分词之间是被动瓜葛。
B. 在let(让)，make(使得)，have（请，让，使得），see(看)，hear(听到)，watch(旁观)，feel(感受到)，listen to (谛听)，look at (看到)，notice(注重到)等动词后的宾语补足语若是为不定式， 则免却”to”,但变成被动语态时， 则要带”to”.
e.g. We hear her sing next door. She is heard to sing next door .
C. 此句型变成被动语态时，只有一种环境。
e.g. They saw him steal the old man’s money. He was seen to steal the old man’s money .
【五个根基句型的根本过关操练题专项一】
1、S + V（主语＋不及物动词）
这类句型简称为主谓布局。不及物动词是指那些自己意义已完备，后面不必要接宾语的动词，如come, go, swim, appear, run, arrive, fall等。如：
—Did you go by sea？你们走的是海路吗？ —No, we flew. 不，咱们是坐飞机去的。
有时，不及物动词后面会跟副词、介词短语等作状语。如：
Why don’t you come at once when I call you? 我叫你时，你为甚么不顿时来？
【操练导航】
Ⅰ. 按照汉语完成以下英语句子，每空一词。
1. 他在听。 He _____ _____.
2. 昨晚你睡得好吗？Did you _____ _____ last night?
3. 这场雨延续了两个小时。 The rain _____ _____ two hours.
4. 事物老是变革的。 Things always _____.
5. 他来中国的空想实现了。 His dream to China _____ _____ _____.
Ⅱ. 单项选择
( )6. An MP5 player of this type costs too much. You’d better ______.
A. wait B. waiting C. waited D. to wait
( )7. It _____ outside. I have to stay at home.
A. rain B. is raining C. rained D. has rained
( )8. —Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?
—Yes, I did. My uncle ______ in the match.
A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. will play
( )9. —What did your father say just now?
—Sorry, I don’t know. I ______ on the phone.
A. am talking B. talk C. was talking D. have talked
( )10. You ______ first and I ______ behind.
A. go; was following B. will go; follow
C. will go; followed D. go; will follow
2、S + V + P（主语＋系动词＋表语）
系动词凡是与表语一块儿组成系表布局，用来阐明主语的性子、@特%3Kko1%色或状%Jtb1s%况@等。表语凡是由名词、形容词、代词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充任。常见的系动词有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, turn, become, stay, seem等。如：
All her friends are now outside the door. 她的所有朋侪如今都在门外。
The milk turned sour. 牛奶变酸了。
【操练导航】
翻译下面的汉语句子。
1. 他感触有点累。______________________________
2. 这听起来是个好主张。______________________________
3. 海伦在家吗？______________________________
4. 我的电脑在书房里。______________________________
5. 他的空想是成为一位大夫。______________________________
6. 我最喜好的活动是泅水。______________________________
7. 问题是你想干甚么。______________________________
8. 他老是乐于助人。______________________________
9. 这盘菜闻起来不错。______________________________
10. 阿谁女孩是我的mm。______________________________
3、S + V + O（主语＋及物动词＋宾语）
及物动词后面必需接宾语才能表达一个完备的意思。宾语是动作的经受者，一般由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词等充任。如：
He’s having lunch. 他正在吃午饭。 I prefer standing. 我甘愿站着。
He promised to lend me some books. 他承诺借给我几本书。
【操练导航】
Ⅰ. 找出以下句子的宾语。
1. He handed in his homework this morning. ____________
2. Help yourself to some soup, Jim. ____________
3. He forgot which way to go. ____________
4. Would you mind waiting for a few minutes? ____________
5. I’ll do what I can. ____________
Ⅱ. 按照汉语完成以下英语句子，每空一词。
6. 你熟悉这些人吗？
Do you _________ _________ _________?
7. 今天早上他完成为了陈述。
He _________ _________ _________ this morning.
8. 如今我来自我先容一下。
Now I’ll _________ _________.
9. 他已决议搬到北京去了。
He has decided _________ _________ _________ Beijing.
10. 我不记得变乱是何时产生的。
I don’t remember _________ the accident _________.
4、S + V + IO + DO（主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）
有些及物动词，如hand, give, throw, lend, sing, read, write, buy, leave, make, pass, tell, get 等可以带双宾语，一个宾语指人，称为间接宾语；另外一个指物，称为直接宾语。及物动词带双宾语凡是有如下两种布局：1. 及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 2. 及物动词+直接宾语+to / for+间接宾语
【操练导航】
Ⅰ. 找出以下句子中的直接宾语。
1. She gave me her telephone number. _________________
2. Bring me some water, please. _________________
3. I’ll make you some fresh tea. _________________
4. He sang us a folk song. _________________
5. She showed me her paintings. _________________
Ⅱ. 将以下句子改成同义句。
6. Tom gave me a nice pen.
Tom ______ a nice pen _____ me.
7. My mother bought my little sister a pink skirt.
My mother ______ a pink skirt ______ my little sister.
8. She cooked us a delicious meal.
She ______ a delicious meal _____ us.
9. Tim showed me his nice T-shirt.
Tim ______ his nice T-shirt _____ me.
10. She made me a cup of coffee.
She ______ a cup of coffee ______ me.
◆某些动词指导的间接宾语可改成to指导的短语，这种动词有give, hand, show, send, bring, pass, lend, teach, tell, write, throw, sell, email等。如：
Can you lend us your car? 你能把车借给咱们吗？
→Can you lend your car to us?
◆某些动词指导的间接宾语可改成for指导的短语，这种动词有buy, play, get, make, order, choose, sing, pay等。如：
My uncle bought me a watch. 我叔叔给我买了一块表。
→My uncle bought a watch for me.
5、S + V + O + OC（主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语）
有些及物动词加之宾语后，它的意思表达仍是不完备，这就必要再加之一个补足语来使句子的意思完备。宾语补足语凡是由形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、V-ing情势等充任。如：
Please don’t call me Lucy. 请不要叫我露西。
I found the box empty. 我发明箱子是空的。
The teacher told us to do some exercises. 教员要咱们做一些操练题。
【操练导航】
Ⅰ. 找出以下句子中的宾语补足语。
1. They call their daughter Mary. ___________
2. Don’t leave me behind. _____________
3. I wish you to be happy. _____________
4. I saw her chatting with Nancy. ____________
5. Good food keeps you healthy. ____________
Ⅱ. 翻译下面的汉语句子。
6. 他们请我和他们一道去。______________________________
7. 我适才瞥见她在跟简谈话。______________________________
8. 你认为这部片子出色吗？______________________________
9. 你建议我做甚么？ ______________________________
10. 你注重到他进来了吗？______________________________
6、there be句型
there be句型重要用来暗示“某地有某物或或人”。若是be动词后面有两个或两个以上的主语，be动词的选用必要遵守“就近原则”。如： There is a dictionary, three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有一本字典，三本书和一支钢笔。
【操练导航】
Ⅰ. 单项选择
( ) 1. There ______ ice on the road last week.
A. was B. were C. will be D. are
( ) 2. There ______ a football match on the playground this afternoon.
A. will have B. is going to have C. is have D. is going to be
( ) 3. There _____ to be something wrong with him.
A. is B. was C. seems D. are
( ) 4. There will be enough food for everybody, _______?
A. won’t it B. won’t there C. isn’t it D. aren’t there
( ) 5. There____more than two hundred people killed in road accidents since last month.
A. was B. were C. have been D. are
Ⅱ. 按照汉语完成以下英语句子，每空一词。
6. 一个男孩正在院子里和一只小狗玩。
_____ _____ a boy _____ with a dog in the yard.
7. 之前在街道拐角处有一家商铺。
______ _____ _____ _____ a shop on the corner of the street.
8. 可能会有一个更好的法子来做这件事。
_____ _____ _____ a better way to do this.
9. 没有氛围就没有声音.
_____ _____ _____ sound without air.
10. 没有时候再等你了。
_____ ______ no time _____ ____ ____ ou.
【五个根基句型的根本过关操练题专项二】
操练一：主谓布局根基句型 汉译英操练
阐明：本布局是由主语加不及物的谓语动词组成, 经常使用来暗示主语的动作。如，The sun rises.主语可有润饰语—定语，如，The red sun rises.谓语可有润饰语—状语，如，The red sun rises in the east
翻译下面的操练题：
1. 你理当尽力进修。
2. 她昨天回家很晚。
3. 那天早上咱们谈了不少。
4. 集会将延续两个小时。
5. 在曩昔的十年里，我的故乡已产生了庞大的变革。
操练二：主系表布局根基句型 汉译英操练
阐明：本布局是由主语+系动词+表语构成，重要用以阐明主语的特性，类属，状况，身份等。系动词有
（1）暗示特性和存在状况的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound.
（2）暗示状况持续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand.
（3）暗示状况变革的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow.
翻译下面的操练题：
1. 我的兄弟都是大学生。
2. 冬日白日短，夜晚长。
3. 布朗夫人看起来很康健。
4. 十五岁他就成为着名的钢琴家了。
5. 孩子们，请连结恬静。
操练三：主谓宾布局根基句型（一）汉译英操练
阐明： 此布局是由主语+谓语+宾语够成。此中的谓语动词须是及物的动词或及物的动词词组。宾语须是名词或至关于名词的成份。
翻译下面的操练题：
1. 昨晚我写了一封信。
2. 今全国午我想同你谈谈。
3. 这本书他读过屡次了。
4. 他们乐成地完成为了规划。
5. 你们必需在两周内看完这些书。
操练三：主谓宾布局根基句型（二）汉译英操练
阐明： 此布局中的谓语动词经常是动词词组,分两种环境:1.及物动词+副词，2.不及物动词+介词。
翻译下面的操练题：
1. 我不信赖那小我。
2. 他指出了我的作文中的毛病。
3. 圣诞节咱们将去探望外籍西席。
4. 你们必需在课后把操练本交上来。
5. 五分钟内咱们是不成能解出这道题来的。
操练四：双宾语布局根基句型汉译英操练
阐明：此布局由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）构成。如，
He brings me cookies every day.
She made me a beautiful dress.
但如果要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for,如，He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 用to偏重指动作的标的目的，暗示朝着，向着，对着或人。用for 偏重指动作的受益者，暗示为了或人，替或人。
常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。（需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等。
翻译下面的操练题：
1. Johnson 师长教师客岁教咱们德语。
2. 奶奶昨晚给咱们讲了一个有趣的故事。
3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。
4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？
5. 他把车票给列车员看。
操练五：复合宾语布局根基句型汉译英操练
阐明: 此布局由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语组成。宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑的主谓瓜葛，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完备。可以用做宾补的有，名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词。如， The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. You must get your hair cut. 用 it 做情势宾语，而将真实的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，是英语经常使用句型。即 主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾补 + 真正宾语。如， I found it very pleasant to be with your family.
翻译下面的操练题：
1. 咱们叫她Alice.
2. 他的怙恃给他取名为John.
3. 咱们大师都认为他是诚笃的。
4. 他们把门推开了。
5. 他们把小偷开释了。
操练六：There be 句型根基句型汉译英操练
阐明： 此句型是由 there + be + 主语 + 状语 组成，用以表达存在有，一种无主语的有。 它实际上是倒装的一种环境，主语位于谓语动词 be 以后，there 仅为指导词，并没有现实语。Be 与厥后的主语在人称和数目上一致，有时态和情态变革。如，
如今有 there is/are … 曩昔有 there was/were… 未来有 there will be…/there is /are going to be… 如今已有 there has/have been… 可能有 there might be…
必定有 there must be …/there must have been… 曩昔一向有 there used to be …
彷佛有 there seems/seem/seemed to be … 可巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be …
此句型有时不消be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive,等。
翻译下面的操练题：
1. 今晚没有会。
2. 这个村落曩昔只有一口井。
3. 这个黉舍有一位音乐教员和一位美术教员。
4. 客人傍边有两名美国人和两名法国人。
5. 气候预告说下战书有大风。
英语中的五个根基句型谜底
【五个根基句型的根本过关操练题专项一】谜底
1、Ⅰ. 1. is listening 2. sleep well 3. lasted for
4. change 5. has come true
Ⅱ. 6-10 ABBCD
2、 1. He feels a little tired. 2. It sounds a good idea.
3. Is Helen in? 4. My computer is in the study.
5. His dream is to become a doctor. 6. My favorite sport is swi妹妹ing.
7. The question is what you want to do.
8. He is always ready to help others.
9. The dish 
smells good. 10. The girl is my sister.
3、Ⅰ. 1. his homework 2. yourself 3. which way to go
4. waiting 5. what I can
Ⅱ. 6. know these people 7. finished his report
8. introduce myself 9. to move to
10. when; happened
4、Ⅰ. 1. her telephone number 2. some water
3. some fresh tea 4. a folk song 5. her paintings
Ⅱ. 6. gave; to 7. bought; for 8. cooked; for
9. showed; to 10. made; for
5、Ⅰ. 1. Mary 2. behind 3. to be happy
4. chatting with Nancy 5. healthy
Ⅱ. 6. They asked me to go with them.
7. I saw her talking with Jane just now.
8. Do you think the movie wonderful?
9. What do you advise me to do?
10. Did you notice him come in?
6、Ⅰ. 1-5 ADCBC
Ⅱ. 6. There is; playing 7. There used to be
8. There might be 9. There is no 10. There is; to wait for
【五个根基句型的根本过关操练题专项二】谜底
操练一：主谓布局根基句型 汉译英操练
1. You should study hard.
2. She went home very late yesterday evening.
3. That morning we talked a great deal.
4. The meeting will last two hours.
5. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.
操练二：主系表布局根基句型 汉译英操练
1. My brothers are all college students.
2. In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.
3. Mrs Brown looks very healthy.
4. At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.
5. Children, keep quiet please.
操练三：主谓宾布局根基句型（一）汉译英操练
1.I wrote a letter last night.
2.I want to talk with you this afternoon.
3.He has read this book many times.
4.They have carried out the plan successfully.
5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks.
操练三：主谓宾布局根基句型（二）汉译英操练
1. I don’t believe in(介) that man.
2. He pointed out（副） the mistakes in my composition.
3. On Christmas Day, we will call on（介）our foreign teachers.
4. You must hand in（副） your exercise-books after class.
5. We cannot work out（副） the problem in five minutes.
操练四：双宾语布局根基句型汉译英操练
1. Mr Johnson taught us German last year.
2. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
3. Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster.
4. Would you please pass me the dictionary?
5. He showed the ticket to the conductor.
操练五：复合宾语布局根基句型汉译英操练
1. We call her Alice.
2. His parents named him John.
3. All of us considered him honest.
4. They pushed the door open.
5. They have set the thief free.
操练六：There be 句型根基句型汉译英操练
1. There isn’t going to be a meeting tonight.
2. There was only a well in the village.
3. There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school.
4. Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.
5. The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon.
高中学生拿到一篇英语浏览理解，怎么最快去处置浏览
这些标题在高考前做一做，对高三学生的英语科必定增分很多！
