贺艳花老师2008年高考英语完形填空技巧点拨

从近三年来天下及各省高考英语试卷“完形填空”试题的命制,根基上遵守了“凸起语篇, 夸大利用,注意现实”的设计思绪。试题特色光鲜———-“考覆按生在浏览理解的根本上对辞汇常识的把握环…

从近三年来天下及各省高考英语试卷“完形填空”试题的命制,根基上遵守了“凸起语篇, 夸大利用,注意现实”的设计思绪。试题特色光鲜———-“考覆按生在浏览理解的根本上对辞汇常识的把握环境”,即请求考生通读漫笔,把握文章大意,综合应用所学的辞汇、语法等常识,从试题所供给的辞汇、短语中果断出使短辞意思畅通、布局完备的辞汇或短语,在语篇中考核学生的说话常识机动应用能力。完形的选材凡是是记述文或夹叙夹议的文章,内容情节深入,常触及人物生理勾当方面的过细描述,篇章与句子布局变革丰硕,文章内容康健、时尚,将常识、文化、教诲、意见意义融为一体,即:期间感凸起,糊口化较着,寓教于乐。2008年的完形填空将会继续朝着说话寒暄化、情形糊口化、辞汇应用机动化的标的目的成长。

 2、完形填空的命题特色

完形填空是一种测试学生说话程度和现实应用说话能力的综合性题型, 它请求学生把握辞汇常识,习习用语,语法常识,句法布局,并且要有必定的语篇贯通能力,逻辑思惟能力和说话感悟能力,是综合了现行的单选和浏览的考核,出格夸大对语篇及上下文的理解和利用。

一)完形填空所考核的能力:

辞汇(词的根基用法、词的搭配和习习用语、同义词/近义词/形似词的区别)语法(句型布局阐发)

浏览理解能力(快速浏览、找中间句和理顺文章布局)

推理、阐发、果断、归纳归纳综合能力

布景常识和糊口知识

二)完形填空的命题特色

1.高考完形填空试题质料的辞汇量比之前有所增长,文章的难度也响应增大,考核由局部理解向总体理解转移,增长了语篇理解的试题,设问角度凸起考核对上下文甚至全篇的理解。

2.试题考核点削减了单句条理的试题,淡化语法,而被情形选择所代替。

3.文章文体仍以记述文或夹叙夹议为主,选材表现期间性、思惟康健。在布空方面以实词为主,此中以动词、名词、形容词、副词为焦点,此外,选项具备有用性和滋扰性,充实表现说话常识机动应用的特性。

4.对民族文化和说话布景常识的考核加大。

3、完形填空解题步调

总则:在掌控整篇文章的根本上对句子内部的环境举行阐发。

1.必读首尾句,展望主题,果断体裁

完形填空漫笔无题目,首句不设空,以是要必读首句。此外,学生还要当真读第二段的首句,第一段的尾句及整篇文章的尾句(文章的主题句有时在第二天然段的句首,有时在第一天然段的句尾或整篇文章的句尾)。

记述文:首句交代4个W(when, where, who , what);

阐明文:首句提出/诠释阐明某事物;

论说文:首句提出一个论点;

2.跳读全文,了解大意

借助首尾句提醒,跳过空格,快速把漫笔从头到尾读一遍,进一步从总体上理解漫笔大意。

3.通读全文,试选谜底

捉住上下文内容接洽和逻辑瓜葛,把所给4个选项别离放入空格地点句子中试填,弄清空格处待填的是甚么词,起何感化,同时注重习气表达及语法常识。

4.细读全文,斟酌困难

按照知识,应用逻辑推理,连系语境和已选谜底供给的信息,对难的备选项细心斟酌。

照实在难以肯定,采纳“解除法”,起首解除在语法/内容上较着不合适请求的谜底,再对剩下的选项比力。

5.复读全文,调解谜底

把所填的谜底代入空格,查抄所选谜底是不是能使文章上下联贯,先后照顾,逻辑公道(对付含糊其词的谜底,最佳尊敬第一印象,不改动为宜;其实不克不及解决的空格,只能凭语感来选择)。

 4、完形填空解题法子及备考计谋

  一)辞汇常识的应用(各种词的用法及搭配、词语辨析)

1.动词

1)动词的布局功效(vi./vt./linkv., 接甚么样的宾语,可否接复合宾语,接甚么样的复合宾语)

eg (1). But by using literary texts alongside other texts, teachers can 42 students

improve their reading skills.

A. force B. help C. get D. wish

析:选【B】。只有help 可接help sb.do sth.

2)阐发上下文情形,注重辞汇与话题的同现

布局是为意思办事的,在完形填空中大部门选项只看动词的布局功效是很难果断的,以是要阐发上下文情形。

(2)(Father)“Kate and John, a friend of mine is coming here to see me this evening, and I wish to be with him. Will you go up to your own room?”We ,went to our room and closed the door.

A. punished B. trembled C. obeyed D. replied

析:【C】上文父亲叮嘱她们上楼到本身的房间去,她们去了,阐明按父亲的叮嘱做了,以是选C。

2.代词(不定代词/批示代词; 人称代词/物主代词/反身代词/疑难代词/瓜葛代词/互相代词等)

1.不定代词(some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, no one, one, none, something, anything, nothing ; all, every, each, other, either, neither, both, half, everybody, everyone, everything ; many, much, few, little, a few等)

2.批示代词(that, this, these, those, such ,same, so)

one 代[C] 泛指,指非限制的一个;可代人/物

that 代[C] 特指;不成代人;代[U]

this 近指,后指 that 远指,前指

(3) is the sports progra妹妹e. 起头体育节目。

(4) is the end of the news. 消息到此竣事。

Keys: (3)This 4)That

3.名词/形容词/副词/介词(依上下文语义/语境请求,搭配,话题来选)

4.同义词/近义词/形似词

1)词的搭配能力(rise/raise, hope/wish)

如:demand (of sb.) to do sth. pick one’s pocket

request/require sb. to do sth. rob sb. of sth. steal sth. from sb.

2)单词的合用范畴/场所

如:voice/sound/noise; defend/protect/guard ,ask/beg,kill/murder等

3)单词的豪情色采

如:die 中性词,pass away 暗示对死者的尊重

4)进程与成果的分歧

look for/search 重进程 find/discover 重成果

5)区别布局雷同而意思分歧的表达法

如:be used to do sth./be used to doing sth./used do sth.

take place/take one’s place/take the place of

can’t help do sth./can’t help doing sth./can’t help but do sth.

6)注重成心识与偶然识

如:notice:表偶然识举动,observe/watch/see 表成心识举动

5.词语的搭配

1)动词的搭配(do 和make的搭配能力较强,要常记,记牢,记熟)

do(a job, work, shopping, cooking, reading, typing, sewing, good, wrong, damage, harm, a favor, an injury, etc.)

make(a study, an appointment, arrangements, a breakthrough, a call, a comparison, contribution, a deal, a decision, a discovery, distinction, a guess, preparations, a start, a start, a survey, an attempt, an error, a profit, a fortune, a living, one’s way, sense, point, peace, bed, coffee, a fuss, etc.)

2)名词的搭配

形容词与名词的搭配有的具备必定的文化布景,学生要注重“同床异梦”的词语。如:

lucky dog 荣幸儿 right hand得力助手

narrow escape虎口余生 dark horse出人意表的获胜者

3)形容词的搭配

有些形容词可以加一个形容词润饰,暗示夸大,使表达加倍活泼。常见的有:pitch dark(黑暗的), brand new (极新的),crystal clear(水晶般的) ,wide open(张得大大的), fast asleep(睡得很熟的), wide awake(彻底醒着的), icy cold(冰凉的), etc.

有些形容词可以和分歧的介词搭配,学生应注重比力、归纳。如:

sick for 巴望 tired from因 而委靡 engaged in 忙于

sick of 厌倦 tired of 对 厌倦 engaged to 与或人订亲

二)篇章技能的应用

一个完备的语篇,一篇内容充分、布局公道、行文流利的漫笔所依靠的不只是辞汇和语法,更多的是篇章布局技能。作者借助于篇章技能成文,学生在复现作者的说话时一样可以借助篇章技能。

1.复现

“辞汇的复现”是指某一词以原词、同义词/近义词、反义词、同源词、归纳综合词(总分瓜葛)和其他情势反复呈现在语篇当中。辞汇复现的语意图义是使得语篇中的句子互相跟尾和联贯,从而组成一个完备和有机的意义总体。大要上说,辞汇的复现包含:原词复现、同义词/近义词复现、反义词、同源词复现、归纳综合词复现和注释性复现(此中一种表达是对另外一种的诠释)。详细指某一词以原词,指代词,同义词,反义词、同源词、归纳综合词等从新呈现在全部文章的先后,并起到了跟尾全文的感化。

(5)First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to six windows.

A. rub B. drop C. break D. clean

析:【D】同源词复现,由window-cleaner可知为clean the window.

贺艳花老师2008年高考英语完形填空技巧点拨插图
2. 同现

同现指意义上互相接洽的单词同时呈现在统一语篇中。一个语篇,一个话题,请求有与之相连的辞汇(篇章中的辞汇链)。

1) 名词同现:与一个话题或一个名词呈现在统一个语境的另外一个名词。如:

school—primary school—middle school—college—university

students—pupils—graduates—postgraduates

2) 动词同现:与一个话题或一个名词呈现在统一个语境的另外一个动词。如:

school—teach—learn—attend—found—drop out—graduate—be dismissed

3)形容词同现

就某一语境而言所能呈现的形容词也是有纪律的。如:在黉舍这个语境中:(key)school—(optional)course—(compulsory)course

4) 布局同现

布局同现批搭配之类的句型和成对呈现的短语。如:

some…,others; on one hand…,on the other hand; former…,latter; so…that; not only…but also; hardly/scarcely…when…; no sooner…than…; be about to do /be doing /had done /be on the point of doing/be to do/be ready to do/be on the way … when…;

(6)I put my head in, expecting the (worst). But to my (surprise), the room wasn’t empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new __44__, dressed neatly.

A. roo妹妹ate B. classmate C. neighbor D. companion

析:【A】名词同现,从room, furniture,同等现信息可知。

(7)We were __42____ to go back for class again when the headmaster called us ( together) and said, …42. A. about B. able C. sorry D. sure

析:【A】布局同现,be about to do …when…

3.逻辑瓜葛

一个完备的语篇应当是合适逻辑的,文章逻辑瓜葛的获得重要靠过渡词的利用。作者操纵转承语包管文章的逻辑,学生在做完形填空时应经由过程本身对上下文的理解,找到得当的逻辑瓜葛,然后选择准确的过渡词。学生必把握常见的过渡词:

1.递进

in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what’s more, what’s worse, to make matters worse , to make things worse , worse still

2.比力

in the same way, as with, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as

3.比照

in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, on the contrary, while

4.因果

because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result (of), so, thus

5.夸大

certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, especially

in particular, absolutely,

6.妥协

although, though, after all, in spite of

7.举例

for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.

8. 时候和空间

afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, finally, at last

outside, near, beyond, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of

9. 总结

to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, in su妹妹ary

[标签:高考 西席 英语]

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