初中英语语法24讲 第5讲 形容词

形容词用来润饰名词,阐明事物某人的@性%4iM5G%子或特%861Z8%性@。凡是形容词可以分成性子形容词和论述形容词两类,其位置不必定都在名词前面。大大都性子形容词有比力品级的变…

形容词用来润饰名词,阐明事物某人的@性%4iM5G%子或特%861Z8%性@。凡是形容词可以分成性子形容词和论述形容词两类,其位置不必定都在名词前面。大大都性子形容词有比力品级的变革,可分为原级、比力级和最高档三种根基情势,用来暗示事物的品级不同。原级即形容词的真相,比力级和最高档都有法则变革和不法则变革两种。

典范例句:1.I have a lovely sister.(我有一个可爱的mm。)

典范例句:2.It is sunny in Beijing today.(今天北京气候晴朗。)

1.形容词的种类、位置和用法

形容词润饰名词,阐明事物某人的@性%4iM5G%子或特%861Z8%性@。形容词可分成性子形容词和论述形容词两类,其位置不必定都在名词前面。

1.形容词的种类

形容词可以分成性子形容词和论述形容词两类。

She has curly hair.She is good-looking.(她有一头卷发,她很标致。)

(1)性子形容词

直接阐明事物的@性%4iM5G%子或特%861Z8%性@的形容词,咱们称之为性子形容词。它有比力级和最高档的变革,可以用水平副词润饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。性子形容词在形容词中占大大都。

It is a very funny(funny作定语)comedy.(这是一出很是有趣的笑剧。)

The comedy is very funny.(funny作表语).(这出笑剧颇有趣。)

All of us will try our best to make this comedy funny(funny作宾语补足语).

(咱们所有人将极力使这出笑剧有趣。)

弥补:“形容词+名词”可以改成“主语+be动词+形容词”。

This is an old book.(这是本旧书。)→This book is old.(这本书是旧的。)

“make+名词+形容词”意为“使……显得……”。

The dress makes my mother much younger.

(这件衣服使我妈妈显得年青多了。)

(2)论述形容词

论述形容词重要作表语,或作后置定语,以是又称为表语形容词。它没有级的变革,也不成用水平副词润饰。大大都以a开首的形容词都属于这一类。

The boy is afraid of his father.(这个男孩怕他爸爸。)

There were thousands of fish alive in the lake ten years ago.

(十年前,这个湖里有不计其数条鱼。)

()The sick man was afraid of death.(这个病人惧怕灭亡。)

(×)The ill man was afraid of death.

(3)其他形容词

另有一类形容词用于阐明事物间的瓜葛或事物的用处、时候、方位。这种形容词凡是都没有级的变革,也不克不及用水平副词润饰。

2.形容词的位置

形容词作定语润饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。可是若是形容词润饰以-thing末端的词语时,要放在这些词语以后。

There is something wrong with this watch.(这只腕表出了点妨碍。)

What a wonderful game!(何等出色的角逐!)

I was chatting with some old friends.(我当时在和几个老朋侪谈天。)

He wants to do something different this time.(这一次他想做一些与众分歧的事变。)

We saw something white in the dark.(咱们在黑黑暗看到了一些白色的工具。)

Is there anything important in the newspaper?(报上有甚么首要消息吗?)

(1)形容词的次序

若是形容词所润饰的名词另有冠词(a,an,the)或代词(my,this,that…)润饰时,词序为:冠词/代词+形容词+名词。

a beautiful girl一个标致的女孩

an excellent musician 一个出色的音乐家

your favourite music你最喜好的音乐

(2)形容词的后置

A.前面咱们讲到,形容词作定语时要放在所润饰的名词前面,但当名词前面有暗示量度的词或词组时,形容词要放在所润饰的名词后面。

London is a city about two thousand years old.

=London is about a two-thousand-year-old city.(伦敦是一个约莫有两千年汗青的都会。)

Last year we built a building thirteen storeys high.

=Last yaar we built a thirteen-storey-high building.(客岁,咱
初中英语语法24讲 第5讲 形容词插图
们盖了一栋十三层的高楼。)

弥补:当量度词组与形容词一块儿组成合成词,并在句子中作定语历时,必要放在名词前面。

B.带有暗示量度的词或词组作表语时,形容词也要后置。

The bridge is a hundred meters long.(这座桥长达一百米。)

The building is thirteen storeys high.(这座修建有十三层高。)

C.一些形容词或形容词词组常放在句首或句尾,作状语。

He returned home,tired and hungry.(他又累又饿地回到了家。)

Cold and hungry,he walked in the street.(他走在街道上,又冷又饿。)

3.需注重的形容词用法

有些形容词可以和定冠词the连用,暗示一类人或事物。这时候,它至关于一个名词,可以作主语或宾语。暗示一类人时,看做复数;暗示一类事物时,看做单数。

Robin hated the rich and loved the poor.(罗宾憎恶富人,爱怜贫民。)

The wounded/old are well looked after.(伤员/白叟们遭到很好的赐顾帮衬。)

We all love the beautiful.(咱们都喜好标致的工具/事物。)

切记:the young年青人;the aged白叟;the sick病人;the deaf聋哑人;the blind瞽者;

the smooth顺遂的事;the impossible不成能的事

必背:be+形容词+介词(about,of…)暗示豪情或立场

be+形容词+不定式

其他常见的形容词词组

2.形容词比力品级的组成

大大都性子形容词有比力品级的变革,即原级、比力级和最高档,都是用来暗示事物的品级差此外。原级即形容词的真相,比力级和最高档有法则变革和不法则变革两种。

1.形容词比力品级的法则变革

注重:有些形容词的比力级和最高档用如下两种法子暗示都可,如:

early早的→earlier,earliest/more early,the most early

friendly友爱的→friendlier,friendliest/more friendly,the most friendly

solid坚忍的→solider,solidest/more solid,the most solid

cruel残暴的→crueler,cruelest/more cruel,the most cruel

少数以-er,-ow末端的双音节词在末尾加-er,-est组成比力级和最高档。

2.形容词比力品级的不法则变革

弥补:elder和eldest重要用于暗示家庭成员之间的老小瓜葛,如:

Mary is my elder sister.(玛丽是我的姐姐。)

Joe is the eldest of my cousins.(乔是我平辈表亲中春秋最大的。)

older和oldest则用于暗示春秋巨细,如:

Karl looks older than Jack.(卡尔看起来比杰克春秋大。)

3.形容词比力品级的用法

形容词比力品级分为原级、比力级和最高档三种情势,它们别离如下列情势呈现在句中:

原级:as+原级+as暗示“……和……不异”

比力级:比力级+than暗示“……比……较为……”

最高档:the+最高档+of/in暗示“在……中最为……”

1.形容词原级的根基用法

(1)形容词原级的必定句情势

句型:A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as+B.

该句型暗示“A和B二者比力,水平不异”。

Liu Ying is as good at sports as her sister.(刘英和她姐姐同样长于活动。)

Her skin is as white as snow.(她肌肤如雪。)

My dog is as old as that one.(我的狗和那只狗同样大。)

This jacket is as cheap as that one.(这件茄克和那件同样廉价。)

阐明:为了防止反复,咱们经常使用that,those和one一类的代词取代as后反复呈现的名词。

It is as warm today as yesterday.(今天和昨天同样和缓。)

(2)形容词原级的否认句情势

句型:A+be动词+not+so/as+形容词原级+as+B.

该句型暗示“A不如B那末……”。

He is not so/as careful as I.(他不如我仔细。)

=I am more careful than he/him.(我比他仔细。)

(可以看出这个句型还可用比力级暗示)

The weather in Beijing is not so/as hot as that in Wuhan.(北京的气候不如武汉热。)

There are not so/as many books in our library as in yours.

(咱们藏书楼的书没有你们的那末多。)

It is not so/as warm today as yesterday.(今天不如昨天和缓。)

注重:not as…as这一句型不暗示“与……分歧”,而暗示“不如……那样;不像……那样”的意思。

(3)形容词原级的一般疑难句情势

句型:Be动词+A+as+形容词原级+as+B?

该句型暗示“A如B那末……?”

Is he as busy as before?(他还像之前那末忙吗?)

Is there as much water in this glass as in that time?

(这个杯子里的水和阿谁杯子里的同样多吗?)

Is it as warm today as yesterday?(今天和昨天同样和缓吗?)

2.需注重的形容词原级用法

(1)暗示倍数

句型:…times+as+形容词原级+as

This garden is ten times as large as that one.(这个花圃是阿谁的十倍大。)

There are now twice as many parks in the city as in 2000.

(这个都会现有的公园数目是2000年时的两倍。)

This ruler is three times as long as that one.(这把尺子的长度是那把尺子的三倍。)

弥补:once暗示一倍;twice暗示两倍;three,four…times暗示三倍、四倍……

(2)暗示对折

句型:half as+形容词原级+as

My handwriting is not half as good as yours.(我的书法还不如你的一半好。)

This pole is half as tall as that tree.(这根杆子只有那棵树的一半高。)

(3)暗示“尽量……”

句型:as+形容词原级+as possible

I will make it as beautiful as possible.(我将使它尽量的标致。)

You should read books as many as possible.(你应当尽量多念书。)

3.形容词比力级的根基用法

句型:A+动词+形容词比力级+than+B.

该句型暗示“A比B更……一些”。

His brother is younger than I/me.(他兄弟比我小。)

阐明:than后面接代词时一般要用主格,但在白话中也可以使用宾格。

She is more beautiful than her elder sister.(她比她姐姐更标致。)

This tree is taller than that one.(这棵树比那棵树高。)

You look younger today.(今天你看起来比力年青。)(省略了than before)

注重:than作连词时,可指导暗示比力瓜葛的从句或短语,暗示“和甚么比拟”,是以than一般都译为“比”。凡是,为了防止句子繁琐,可以省略than指导的状语从句的某些成份。从而把比拟的部门突现出来。

You look younger today than you looked (young) before.

这个句子只是帮忙理解,在现实利用中应表达为:You look younger than before.

有时,若是比力的工具不言而喻时,常常会将than从句省略。

Are you feeling better?(你如今感受好些了吗?)

4.需注重的形容词比力级用法

(1)用修遁词增强语气

在形容词比力级前还可以用much,even,far,a lot,still,a little…来润饰,暗示“……很多”“……一些”,以增强语气。

Your room is much larger than mine.(你的房间比我的大多了。)

Our city is much more beautiful than yours.(咱们的都会比你们的标致很多。)

Diamond is even harder than steel.(钻石乃至比钢还硬。)

He is even slower than before.(他乃至比之前更慢了。)

Japan is a little larger than Germany.(日本只比德国大一点儿。)

(2)暗示倍数

句型:…times+形容词比力级+than…

该句型暗示“比……大/长/多……/几倍”。

Your room is three times larger than mine.(你的房间比我的大三倍。)

Our room is twice larger than theirs.(咱们的房间比他们的大两倍。)

This river is ten times longer than that river.(这条河比那条河长十倍。)

(3)暗示“大几岁”“高几厘米”等

句型:暗示数、量的词+形容词比力级+than…

I’m two years older than you.(我比你大两岁。)

She is a head taller than I/me.(她比我高一头。)

(4)暗示“比其他任何……都……”

句型:比力级+than any other+单数名词

该句型是用比力级情势表达最高档的意思。

He is better than any other student in the class

=He is the best in the class.(他在班里比其他任何一个学生都好。)(暗示“他是最佳的”)

注重:any other后要加单数名词,可以译成“其他任何一个”。

This watch is more expensive than any other watch in the shop.

=This watch is the most expensive one in the shop.

(在这个店里,这只表比其他任何一只表都贵。)(暗示“这只表是最贵的”)

He is taller than any other boy in his class.(在班上,他比其他任何男孩子都高。)

(5)暗示“愈来愈……”

句型:比力级+and+比力级

The weather is getting warmer and warmer.(气候变得愈来愈和缓。)

China is becoming more and more beautiful.(中国变得愈来愈标致。)

弥补:多音节形容词用此句型时,要用“more and more+形容词原级”。

(6)暗示“越……就越……”

句型:the+比力级……,the+比力级……

The busier he is,the happier he feels.(他越忙就越欢快。)

The sooner,the better.(越快越好。)

The higher the ground (is),the thinner the air becomes.(地势越高,氛围就越淡薄。)

(7)暗示“两其中比力……的”

句型:the+比力级+of the two

This watch is the cheaper of the two.(这只腕表是两只中比力廉价的。)

He is the better of the two.(他是这两小我中比力好的。)

Of the two girls,Lynn is the more diligent.(丽恩是这两个女孩中比力勤恳的。)

弥补:比力级同义表达法的交换

比力级←→比力级(用反义词)

Tom is older than I.(汤姆比我年数大。)→I am younger than Tom.(我比汤姆年数小。)

比力级←→not…so…as(原级)

Tom is older than I.(汤姆比我年数大。)→I am not so old as Tom.(我没有汤姆年数大。)

(8)暗示“(比力A和B)哪个更……?”

句型:Which is+比力级,A or B?

若是是人与人相比力时,可用who取代which。

Which one is more popular,the radio or the movie?(播送和片子,哪个更受接待?)

5.形容词最高档的根基用法

三者或三者以上(人或事物)相比力,此中有一个在某一方面跨越其他几小时,用最高档。最高档前面一般要加定冠词the,后面可带of/in短语来阐明比力的范畴。

句型:A+动词+形容词最高档+of/in…

Spring is the best season of the year.(春季是一年中最佳的季候。)

She is the youngest in the class.(她是班里最年青的。)

比力:of和in在短语中的区分

“of+复数”暗示“在……当中(的)”。

“in+范畴、场合”暗示“在……当中/内”。

6.需注重的形容词最高档用法

(1)暗示“是最……之一”

句型:one of the+形容词最高档

Shanghai is one of the most charming cities in China.(上海是中国最具魅力的都会之一。)

One of the most important languages is English.(英语是最首要的说话之一。)

首要:“one of the+形容词最高档”后面要用名词的复数情势。

(2)暗示“大大都,大部门的……”

句型:most+复数名词;most of the+复数名词;most of+代词

Most people like apples.(大大都人喜好苹果。)

Most of the boys are good at football.(大大都的男孩都长于踢足球。)

(3)暗示“哪个(人)最为……呢?”

句型:Which/Who is+the+形容词最高档……?

该句型用于三个或三个以上的事物某人的比力。

Which is the biggest of the five apples?(这五个苹果中哪个最大?)

Who is the tallest boy in your class?(你们班哪一个男孩最高?)

弥补:咱们可以用原级、比力级、最高档三种情势来表达最高档,总结以下:

She is the best in her class.(最高档)(她是她们班最佳的学生。)

→She is better than any other student in her class.(比力级)

→No other student in her class is better than she.(比力级)

→No other student in her class is as good as she.(原级)

Co妹妹on Mistakes(注重!失分圈套!)

圈套例题①

A:Is there __________ in today’s newspaper?【福州中考】

B:Yes,our National Table Tennis Team won all the seven gold medals once more.

作者: admin

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