如今是剑桥大学理科一年级学生的阿历克斯,曾在曼彻斯特的中黉舍队里踢足球,还导演过黉舍的戏剧表演——但他中学结业时患了五个A。在布里斯托尔大学攻读英语的阿曼达在中学里加入过戏剧表演,还常常打网球,但她依然获得了四个A。
像他们如许的优等生是若何做到这一点的呢?脑筋好使其实不是独一的谜底。最有禀赋的学生未必在测验中获得最佳的成就。晓得若何充实操纵本身的才能要首要很多。
进修吃苦也不克不及阐明全数问题。在这些成就优异的学生中,有些人投入的时候实在比那些分数低的同窗还少。班级中拔尖学生的乐成之道在于他们把握了一些根基的技能,这些技能其别人也能很轻易地学到。按照教诲专家和学生们本身的论述,优等生乐成的秘密有如下几点。
1 全神灌输!拔尖生不容许他们的进修时候遭到滋扰。一旦书籍打开,便德律风不接,电视不看,报纸不读。“这其实不象征着对糊口中的首要事变置之不睬,”阿曼达诠释说,“这象征着要放置勤学习时候,以便能全神灌输。如果我悬念一名得病的朋侪,我会在做作业以前先给她打个德律风。如许我坐下来进修时,就可以真正集中间思了。”
2 在任何处所——或所有的处所进修。亚利桑那州一名传授曾受命教导一些成就欠佳的大学运带动。他记得有一位竞走运带动天天都要练习。他曾说服他操纵这段时
候影象生物学术语。另外一论理学生则把辞汇表贴在盥洗室墙上,天天刷牙时都记着一个生词。
3 放置好资料。汤姆在中学时打过篮球。“我很是忙,不成能为了找一支铅笔或一本不见的条记本而挥霍时候。我把每样工具都放在随后可取的处所,”他说。新墨西哥州学生保罗为每门作业备有两个文件夹,一个放当天安插的功课,另外一个放已完成要交的家庭功课。一个抽屉把必须的用品放在一块儿,如许便可削减因找工具而挥霍的时候。
4 放置好时候。当西席安插写一篇长论文时,阿历克斯会花两三天时候去浏览与标题有关的资料并做条记,然后写出底稿,再写成论文。他管帐划幸亏功课该交的前两三天完成,以便若是耗费的时候跨越预期,他还能在划定的最后刻日前完成。阿曼达严酷遵照一张进修时候表,此中包含每两小时苏息一次。“在你过分委靡时还试图进修其实不明智,”她指出,“短暂的苏息,哪怕只是舒展一下身体,呼吸呼吸新颖氛围,也能带来意想不到的结果。”
5 学会浏览。“我曩昔常花很多时候浏览一些无关的资料,”阿曼达回想说,“但厥后我习气了快读;若是一段文章的第一句话可有可无,我便接着读下一段。”“我修过的最佳的一门课即是快速浏览,”一位俄克拉荷马州的学生说,“我不但提高了每分钟浏览的词数,并且学会了起首看书的目次和插图。如许,当我起头浏览时,我就对浏览质料先有了一些领会,并且能记着更多的内容。”在这些学生看来,有用浏览的秘密就在于做一个自动的浏览者,即能不竭提出一些能使本身充实理解所读质料的问题。
6 做好条记。“在写任何工具以前,我先把一页纸分成两部门,”阿曼达说,“左侧部门约占纸宽的三分之一;右侧部门占三分之二。我把条记写在宽的一边,而把中间思惟写在左侧。这在温习时很是有效,由于你顿时就可以看到为甚么这些质料是有关的,而不消为信息量太大而忧愁。”鄙人课铃响起以前,大都学生便已合上书籍,收好功课,和朋侪们说措辞儿,筹备分开了。而聪慧的学生却操纵这几分钟,用两三句话写出这堂课的要点,下一次上课以前,他即可以把这些要点阅读一遍。
7 问问题。“若是你问问题,你立即就会晓得,你是不是已把握了要点,”阿历克斯说。讲堂介入是一种求知欲的显示。比方,在经济学课上,好奇的学生会问,中国经济怎样可能既是社会主义的,又是市场驱动的,从而使他们不但对付“甚么”,并且对付“为甚么”和“怎样样”发生乐趣。
8 一块儿进修。一块儿进修的价值从加州大学伯克利分校的一项实验中显示了出来。该校的一名钻研生在察看大一的微积分课程时,发明美国亚裔学生在一块儿会商家庭功课,测验考试分歧的法子,并互相诠释他们各自的解题法子,而其他学生则独自进修,把大部门时候用在频频浏览课文上,一次又一次地试用统一种法子,即使这类法子其实不乐成。
究竟结果,优等生的“秘密”其实不那末神秘。你也能学会和把握这些秘密,成为一位优等生。
Text B
苦乐交错的回想
凯伦·奥多姆
中学结业——那份苦乐交错的感情,时至本日,仍像二十一年前那样是我全部身心的一部门。
跟着结业日的邻近,愉快之情一日千里。走出中黉舍门象征着我终究成年了。很快我将自主,凡事本身决议,想干甚么就干甚么,不会再有人来管头管脚;并且这还象征着可以和男孩子一块儿上学——相对于多年的女子中学糊口来讲,这不失为一种可喜的变革。
对本身要离家去外埠上大学这一点,我心中历来没有过疑难。而我母亲的设法却偏偏相反。固然她尽可能不把本身的意愿强加于我,但仍是经常使用奥妙的口气问我是不是斟酌过某几所黉舍——而这些黉舍可巧都在我的故乡芝加哥市或四周。而我呢,只要经济上包袱得起,说甚么也是要远走高飞的。这点一经认定,家里人的设法就扭转了。他们从关切我到底会不会离家,转为关切我到底会离家多远。我斟酌就读的那几所东海岸的黉舍,忽然显得远比加州的那几所黉舍更有吸引力了。
不外,我该上哪所大学,仅仅是连续串彷佛无限无尽的未知数中的一项。其他另有:大学到底是甚么模样的?去统一黉舍读书的人中,我一个也不熟悉,会不会是以而感触孤傲难忍?此外同窗会喜好我吗?我会很轻易就交到朋侪吗?我的忖量家人之情,会不会成长到没法忍耐的境界?再说进修又会怎么——我跟得上吗?(虽然我在中学里是个优等生,但这彷佛不足以包管我能挺过大学这一关。)万一我选择的黉舍最后证实是个可骇的毛病,那该怎样办?到时辰我能转学吗?
这下我起头慌了。我的心境来了个一百八十度的大转弯。我真的一点也不想分开中学了,而且连本身是不是想长大成人都成问题了。曩昔一年里,我作为高年级学生,遭到低年级学生的尊重,滋味挺不错的。我可不想再去当个垫底的。
虽然等待了好几个月,到头来,我仍是没有任何生理筹备应付那一天现实到来时对我心灵的撞击。咱们在“威严堂皇举行曲”那认识的旋律回荡声中肃穆地鱼贯入场,我环视四周其他戴白帽、穿白色长袍的同窗的身影。泪水止不住涌上双眼,我被一阵突如其来的哀痛压垮了。彷佛在茫然当中,我听到有人叫到本身的名字,便从坐位上站起来,渐渐地穿过主席台去领取结业证书。在我伸脱手去的那一刻,我意想到本身方法取的不只是一纸文凭,而是一种极新的糊口。虽然复活活的远景彷佛使人愉快,但要向原本的糊口,那些认识的脸孔和认识的糊口通例作别,却也是不易的。就连我其实不出格喜好的化学课,另有我所腻烦的逐日坐车来回于家门和黉舍之间的漫长旅程,我也会很惦念的呢。且不管是好是坏,这老是我所认识的糊口内容。
那年玄月,我荣幸地进了罗德岛州普罗维登斯市一所很好的大学。实在我底子用不着担忧本身是不是会喜好它。我在那儿渡过的几年时候,成果表白是我一辈子中最夸姣的一段岁月。至于结交,我在那儿结下的交情,此中有些至今我仍很爱惜。
几年后,迫于财务上的坚苦,我曾就读过的那所中学永久地封闭了。固然再去回访母校已不成能,但想到随时都能追思留在脑海里的特别旧事,也足以使人感触抚慰。
Unit1 课文精解
Text A
1 Knowing how to make the most of one’s abilities counts for much more.
晓得若何充实操纵本身的才能要首要很多。
句中动名词短语knowing how to make the most of one’s abilities作句子主语,句子谓语动词是count。make the most of充实操纵。至关于make the best of或take full advantage of。
例:He wished to make the most of his opportunity.他想充实操纵他的机遇。
Those that make the best of their time have none to spare.能充实利历时间者不会有过剩的工夫。
We took full advantage of the laboratory’s equipments.咱们充实操纵实行室的装备。
count for much/little颇有/没有几多价值或首要性。
例:Beside yours, our contributions count for little.与你们的进献比力起来,咱们的算不了甚么。
经常使用的与count相干的短语另有count on,意为“指望;期望;寄托”。
例:I’ll be back. You can count on it.我会回来的。你要信赖。
Don’t count on other people to help you out of trouble.别期望别人能帮你解脱窘境。
2 Hard work isn’t the whole story either.
进修吃苦也不克不及阐明全数问题。
not the whole story意为“不是全数环境;只是部门环境”,至关于only part of the story。
例:Today, however, scientists say this is not the whole story.但是,科学家现在认为,环境并不是彻底如斯。
but that’s another story但那是另外一回事了;那就不相关了。
例:I’d met him at a dance I’d gone to on my own. But that’s another story.我有一次独自去加入舞会时赶上了他。但那是题外话了。
to cut a long story short或to make a long story short意为“长话短说;简而言之”。
例:To cut a long story short, I ended up as managing director.长话短说,我终极当上了总司理。
3 Some of these high-achieving students actually put in fewer hours than their lower-scoring classmates.
在这些成就优异的学生中,有些人投入的时候实在比那些分数低的同窗还少。
put in在句中意为“耗费;投入(时候、款项)”。
例:They’ve put in time and effort to keep the strike going.他们耗费了不少时候和精神以使歇工延续下去。
put in另有如下寄义:
①申请;请求。
例:I decided to put in for a job as deputy secretary.我决议申请副布告一职。
②插(话);作弥补。
例:“He was a lawyer before that,” Mary Ann put in. “在那以前他是个状师,”玛丽·安弥补道。
③(船)停泊船埠,入港。
例:It’s due to put in at Aden and some other ports before arriving in Basra.按规划在达到巴士拉以前它会停泊在亚丁或其他口岸。
4 “I was too busy to waste time looking for a pencil or a missing notebook. I kept everything just where I could get my hands on it,” he says.
“我很是忙,不成能为了找一支铅笔或一本不见的条记本而挥霍时候。我把每样工具都放在随后可取的处所,”他说。
waste time/money/energy doing/on sth.挥霍时候、款项、精神做某事。
例:There could be many reasons and he was not going to waste time speculating on them.缘由可能有不少,他不筹算挥霍时候对此妄加猜想。
sth. is wasted on sb. (因不被接管、理解等而)挥霍(建议等);使徒劳无益。
例:All the well-meant, sincere advice is largely wasted on him.他对所有善意、诚挚的建议根基都无动于中。
waste not, want not节约节省,吃穿不缺。
例:“Waste not, want not” is her favourite maxim. “不挥霍则不匮乏”是她爱好的格言。
get/lay one’s hands on把…弄得手;找到;占据。
例:I’d just like to get my hands on an enemy and shoot him dead!我要找到一个仇人,一枪把他打死!
5 Amanda stuck to a study schedule that included breaks every two hours.
阿曼达严酷遵照一张进修时候表,此中包含每两小时苏息一次。
stick to有如下寄义:
①对峙;不抛却,不扭转。
例:Stick to it and you’ll make it.对峙下去,就会乐成。
②紧随;紧跟;呆在…近旁。
例:“You stick to me and we’ll have a coach,” laughed Drouet. “你紧随着我,咱们也去叫辆车,”杜洛埃笑着说。
③遵照,对峙(信誉、协定、决议或原则等)。
例:She made it clear the government would stick to its policies despite union militancy.她明白暗示,尽督工会很刁悍,但当局将对峙本身的政策。
schedule时候表;规划表。经常使用搭配有:ahead of schedule提早。
例:We laboured hard to finish our job ahead of schedule.咱们尽力事情,以期把活儿提早干完。
on schedule准时;实时;依照时候表。
例:I have accomplished the task on schedule.我定时完成为了使命。
6 “I used to spend hours going through irrelevant material,” Amanda remembers.
“我曩昔常花很多时候浏览一些无关的资料,”阿曼达回想说。
go through从头到尾看;遍查。
例:Going through his list of customers is a massive job.查阅他的客户名单是个至关吃力的活儿。
go through另有“履历,承受(尤指@磨%EST2m%难或艰%F5U19%巨@时代);(法令、协定等)被经由过程”之意。
例:He was going through a very difficult time.他正处于很是艰巨的时代。
The bill might have gone through if the economy was growing.如果那时经济在增加的话,该法案也许也就得到经由过程了。
7 To such students, the secret of good reading is to be an active reader—one who keeps asking questions that lead to a full understanding of the material being read.
在这些学生看来,有用浏览的秘密就在于做一个自动的浏览者,即能不竭提出一些能使本身充实理解所读质料的问题。
句子骨干为:the secret is to be an active reader;破折号后为an active reader的同位语,此中who指导定语从句,润饰one;that指导定语从句,润饰questions。
lead to致使,引发;把…带到;(门路)通向。
例:An ordinary cold can soon lead to a fever.一场平凡的伤风很快便会引发高烧。
The bell-boy led us to our rooms.旅店办事员把咱们带到了咱们的房间。
All roads lead to Rome.条条门路通罗马。
8 Just before the end of lesson bell rings, most students close their books, put away papers, talk to friends and get ready to leave.
鄙人课铃响起以前,大都学生便已合上书籍,收好功课,和朋侪们说措辞儿,筹备分开了。
句子的骨干为:most students close their books, put away papers, talk to friends and get ready to leave;句中含有四个并列谓语;before指导时候状语从句。
put away把(某物)保藏在符合的处所;存钱以各往后之用。
例:The correspondence was all put away in numbered files.信件都寄存在编了号的卷宗内。
She has a nice sum of money put away.她贮存了很多的钱。
9 A graduate student there who observed a first-year calculus course found that Asian-American students discussed homework, tried different approaches and explained their solutions to one another while the others studied alone, spent most of their time reading and rereading the text, and tried the same approach time after time even if it was unsuccessful.
该校的一名钻研生在察看大一的微积分课程时,发明美国亚裔学生在一块儿会商家庭功课,测验考试分歧的法子,并互相诠释他们各自的解题法子,而其他学生则独自进修,把大部门时候用在频频浏览课文上,一次又一次地试用统一种法子,即使这类法子其实不乐成。
句子的骨干为:A graduate student there found that…;there后who指导定语从句,润饰先行词a graduate student;found后为that指导的宾语从句;此中连词while将found的内容举行比力;even if指导妥协状语从句。
while在句中为连词,暗示比拟,意为“而;但是”。
例:Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative.活动是绝对的,而静止是相对于的。
while作连词时另有如下用法:
①指导时候状语从句,意为“当…时”。
例:We must strike while the iron is hot.连成一气。
②指导妥协状语从句,常放在句首,意为“虽然;固然”,比although和though语气轻。
例:While I believe it is true, I cannot prove it.固然我信赖那是真的,但我没法证实。
③指导前提状语从句,意为“只要”,至关于as long as。
例:While a spark of life remains, it is a doctor’s duty to save the patient.只要病人另有一息朝气,大夫就有责任拯救。
while还可作动词,短语while away意为“消磨,丁宁(时候)”。
例:They while away many afternoons on the beach.他们在海滩消磨了很多个下战书。
time after time几回再三;多次。
例:The child, taking his first steps, toppled down time after time.这个方才学步的孩子一次又一次地摔倒了。
Text B
1 Being out of high school meant I was finally coming of age.
走出中黉舍门象征着我终究成年了。
句子的主语为如今分词短语,谓语动词为meant,宾语为从句I was finally coming of age。
come of age在句中意为“长大成年;满法定春秋”。
例:He will come of age a week from today.他再过一个礼拜就成年了。
另有“成熟;发财”之意。
例:Renewable energy has come of age.可再生能源已成长成熟。
2 Soon I would be on my own, making my own decisions, doing what I wanted without someone looking over my shoulder and it meant going to school with boys—a welcome change coming from an all-girl high school.
很快我将自主,凡事本身决议,想干甚么就干甚么,不会再有人来管头管脚;并且这还象征着可以和男孩子一块儿上学——相对于多年的女子中学糊口来讲,这不失为一种可喜的变革。
句子的骨干为:I would be on my own and it meant going to school with boys;making…, doing…为陪伴状语;破折号后为going to school with boys的同位语。
on one’s own独自一人;靠本身的气力。
例:He’s far too young to go on his own.他年数过小,不克不及独自一人去。
Success in study mainly depends on one’s own efforts.
进修重要靠本身尽力。
look over sb.’s shoulder监督或人;转头看。
例:The wife looked over her shoulder at her husband when she was hesitant.老婆夷由未定,转头看丈夫的眼色行事。
It is embarrassing to have someone looking over your shoulder while you’re at work, as though you could not be trusted.你事情时有人周密监督着,仿佛你不成靠似的,这真叫人尴尬。
3 And what about the work—would I be able to keep up?
再说进修又会怎么——我跟得上吗?
keep up在句中意为“不后进;跟上”。
例:We have to work hard to keep up with these excellent students.为了跟上那些优异学生,@咱%lc24z%们得尽%97OQ8%力@进修了。
keep up另有如下寄义:
①领会;认识。
例:She did not bother to keep up with the news.她不肯花时候去领会最新动静。
②继续做(或供给)。
例:They risk losing their homes because they can no longer keep up the repayments.由于无力继续了偿告贷,他们面对无家可归的伤害。
③连结。
例:Still, I thought it best to keep up pressure.但是,我依然认为最佳继续连结压力。
4 Then panic set in.
这下我起头慌了。
set in(好的事变)起头;到来;恶化。
例:Then disappointment sets in as they see the magic is no longer there.当他们发明魔力已失的时辰,绝望的情感起头舒展。
Winter is setting in and the population is facing food and fuel shortages.冬季行将到来,人们将面对食品和燃料的欠缺。
5 As the familiar strains of “Pomp and Circumstance” echoed in the background, I looked around at the other figures in white caps and gowns as we solemnly filed into the auditorium.
咱们在“威严堂皇举行曲”那认识的旋律回荡声中肃穆地鱼贯入场,我环视四周其他戴白帽、穿白色长袍的同窗的身影。
句子的骨干为:I looked around at the other figures;as指导时候状语从句。
pomp and circumstance可暗示“盛大的典礼;讲场面,浪费;装模作样”。
例:The Prince was welcomed with warmth, but not with all the pomp and circumstance he was used to.
file into排成纵队进入,鱼贯而入。
例:The girls filed into the hall for prayers that evening as usual.那天晚上女孩子们像平常同样,排成单行鱼贯进入会堂做晚祷。
file away把(文件等)归档;锉掉。
例:Please file away this report.请把这份陈述归档。
You have to file away for hours to get this metal smooth.你得锉上几个小时才能使这金属变得滑腻。
6 Tears welled up uncontrollably in my eyes, and I was consumed by a rush of sadness.
泪水止不住涌上双眼,我被一阵突如其来的哀痛压垮了。
well up(眼泪、血等)涌上;(某种感情)迸发。
例:Tears welled up in Anni’s eyes.安妮的眼里涌出了泪水。
He could feel the anger welling up inside him.他能感受到本身肝火中烧。
consume在句中暗示“布满(某种豪情);沉醉在”。
例:The memories consumed him.他沉醉在回想中。
be consumed with陷溺于;布满…的。
例:They are consumed with jealousy at her success.他们对她的乐成布满了妒忌。
7 And as for friends, some of the friendships I formed there I still treasure today.
至于结交,我在那儿结下的交情,此中有些至今我仍很爱惜。
句子的骨干为:some of the friendships I still treasure today;I formed there为定语从句,润饰friendship。as for意为“至于;关于”,至关于with regard to或concerning。
例:As for you, I don’t think you have to go in person.至于你嘛,就不消亲身去了。
As for/to the journey, we must decide about that later.关于观光的事,咱们要今后再决议。
8 Years later, financial difficulties forced my high school to close its doors for good.
几年后,迫于财务上的坚苦,我曾就读过的那所中学永久地封闭了。
force sb. to do sth.逼迫;迫使。
例:You shall never force him to suppress the facts of his life.你绝对不克不及逼迫他把曩昔糊口中的那些究竟隐瞒起来。
A back injury forced her to withdraw from Wimbledon.背部受伤使她不能不退出温布尔登赛事。
for good意为“永久”,至关于for ever。
例:I hope that this time, the headache is gone for good.我但愿此次头痛能永久地消散。
Text C
1 Your face looks worn and tired.
你的表情看起来怠倦不胜。
worn蕉萃的;怠倦的;苍老的。
例:She was looking very haggard and worn.她看上去很是蕉萃和怠倦。
worn另有“破旧的;磨损的;陈腐的”之意。
例:Worn rugs increase the danger of tripping.磨损的小地毯会令人更易绊倒。
2 It has finally occurred to me that I am no longer your little girl.
我终究意想到我再也不是你眼前的小女孩了。
sth. occur to sb.或人想起、想到某事;指某种思惟等显现于或人的知觉中。
例:The same idea had occurred to Elizabeth.伊丽莎白也想到了这个主张。
暗示“想起”时,occur to不成用于被动,经常使用sth.做主语,或it作情势主语,后面再接真实的主语。
例:It did not occur to me to check my insurance policy.我没有想到要核实我的保险单条目。
3 Your eyelashes flutter, trying to hold them back.
你的睫毛扑闪扑闪的,极力忍着不让眼泪流出来。
hold … back在句中意为“按捺住,忍住(眼泪、笑声等)”。
例:She kept trying to hold back her tears.她一向在试图按捺住眼泪。
hold … back另有如下寄义:
①(使)夷由;(使)畏缩。
例:The administration had several reasons for holding back.当局由于几个原因此夷由未定。
②阻碍;阻拦。
例:Stagnation in home sales is holding back economic recovery.海内贩卖的故步自封正阻碍着经济苏醒。
③保存;隐瞒。
例:We must have the whole story; don’t hold anything back..咱们必需领会全数环境,你甚么也别隐瞒。
4 I have registered and gotten everything into my room.
我已注册报导了,并将所有的工具都搬进了我的房子。
register注册;挂号。相干短语有:
①register on(脸色)表露,显现,显出。
例:Surprise again registered on Rodney’s face.罗德尼的脸上再次露出惊讶的模样形状。
②registered trademark注册牌号。
例:The registered trademark of our products is “Running Horse”.咱们产物注册牌号为“奔马”牌。
③registered letter登记信。
例:It is safer to send a registered letter during the Spring Festival.春节时代寄登记信要平安些。
5 You have tried to pull that same trick whenever I left for sleep-away camp.
之前每回我出发去露宿野营,你老是来这一招。
pull a trick on sb.(对或人)耍(把戏),摆弄(手腕)。
例:Everyone saw the trick you pulled on me.大师都瞥见了你对我耍的把戏。
be pulling for支撑;鼓动勉励;为…打气。
例:You know I’ve been pulling for you.你晓得我一向在为你加油。
pull ahead of / pull away from超前;领先。
例:The issue has helped Obama
pull ahead of his rival in the polls.经济问题帮忙奥巴马在民调中超出他的敌手。
6 Even though everything is there it looks empty, like an evicted apartment.
虽然所有的工具都在那儿,房间看起来还是空空的,像是一个被撤空的公寓。
evict依法驱赶(佃农等);依法收回(衡宇等)。短语be evicted from意为“(凡是由于违法或毁约而)被驱赶,被赶出”。
例:They were evicted from their apartment after their mother became addicted to drugs.他们的母亲吸毒上瘾后,他们被从公寓里赶了出来。