(1)暗示”几多”和”第几”的词,叫做数词(numeral)。
(2)数词与不定代词类似,其用法或至关于形容词,或至关于名词。
2. 种类
基数词:暗示”几多”的词叫做基数词(cardinal numeral),如:one (一),twenty(二十),hundred(百)等。
序数词:暗示”第几”的词叫做序数词(ordinal numeral),如:first (第一),twentieth (第二十),hundredth(第一百)等。
(1)基数词
100如下的根基的基数词
1 one
11 eleven
2 two
12 twelve
3 three
13 thirteen
4 four
14 fourteen
5 five
15 fifteen
6 six
16 sixteen
7 seven
17 seventeen
8 eight
18 eighteen
9 nine
19 nineteen
10 ten
20 twenty
21 twenty-one
60 sixty
30 thirty
70 seventy
40 forty
80 eighty
50 fifty
90 ninety
阐明:
①13-19皆今后缀-teen末端,它们都有两个重音。注重thirteen,fifteen,eighteen的发音和拼法。
②20-90第十位数的整数均今后缀-ty末端。
③十位数和个位数之间须用连字号”-“。如:twenty-one(二十一),fifty-five(五十五),ninety-nine(九十九)等。
100以上的根基的基数词
100 hundred
1,000 thousand
1,000,000 million 百万
100,000,000 hundred million 一亿
1,000 million (=billion)十亿
499 four hundred and ninety-nine(101-999如斯组成)
3,876 three thousand eight hundred and seventy-six (1001-9999皆如斯组成)
57,453 fifty-seven thousand four hundred and fifty-three(10001-99999)皆如斯组成)
768, 921 seven hundred sixty-eight thousand nine hundred and twenty-one
8,641, 457 eight million six hundred forty-one thousand four hundred and fifty-seven
50, 000, 000 fifty million
500, 000, 000 five hundred million
5, 000, 000, 000 five thousand million(或five billion)
50, 000, 000, 000 fifty thousand million (或fifty billion)
阐明:
①100和100以上的基数词须用hundred,thousand,million, billion等。
②十位数与百位数之间有and。但也有不消and的环境,如850可以读作eight hundred fifty。
(2)基数词的用法
基数词在句中可用作以下句子成份:
1)主语
Two plus nine is eleven.二加九即是十一。
Four times six is twenty-four. 四乘六得二十四。
Three of them went to college last year.他们傍边客岁有三人上大学了。
(如说the three of them,意思则是”他们三小我”)
2)宾语
Give me two.给我两个。
3)定语
There are nineteen students in our class.咱们班有十九个同窗。
My uncle bought two hand tractors recently.我叔叔近来买了两台手扶疲塌机。
(注)hundred(百),thousand(千)和million(百万)作定语历时一概不消复数;作名词用(后面多跟of短语)时则用复数。如:
Our country has a population of l,200 million people.我国有十二亿生齿。
There are three thousand students in the university.这所大学有三千学生。
Rice has been cultivated in the East for thousands of years.水稻在东方已莳植了几千年。
Maize is the most important food crop for millions of people in the world.玉米是全球千百万人最重要的食粮。
4)表语
She is just fourteen.她刚十四岁。
He was already forty when he began to learn English他起头学英语时已四十岁了。
(3)序数词
1-99的根基的序数词
first 第一
second 2nd 第 二
third 3rd 第三
fouth 4th 第四
fifth 5th 第五
sixth 6th 第六
seventh 7th 第七
eighth 8th 第八
ninth 9th 第九
tenth 10th 第十
eleventh 11th 第十一
twelfth 12th 第十二
thirteenth 13th 第十三
nineteenth 19th 第十九
twentieth 20th 第二十
fortieth 40th 第四十
fifty-first 51st 第五十一
sixty-second 62nd 第六十二
eighty-third 83rd 第八十三
ninety-fourth 94th 第九十四
阐明:
1)英语序数词1-19除第一(first),第二(second),第三(third)有特别情势外,其余均由基数词后加-th组成。
2)有几个序数词加 -th 时拼法不法则,它们是:fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth。
3)十位整数的序数词的组成法子是:先将十位整数基数词的词尾 -ty 中的y酿成i,然后加-eth。
4)基数词”几十几”酿成序数词时,仅将个位数酿成序数词,十位数稳定。如twenty-one酿成twenty-first。
5)序数词的缩写情势,由阿拉伯数码后加之序数词的最后两个字母组成。如:1st,2nd,3rd,4th,31st,82nd,93rd,94th等。
(4)序数词的用法
序数词在句中可用作以下各个句子成份:
1)主语
The first is better than the second.第一个比第二个要好。
2)宾语
He was among the first to arrive.他是首批达到的。
3)定语
China exploded its first atom bomb in October 1964.中国于1964年10月爆炸了第一颗原枪弹。
His father died in the Second World War.他父亲在第二次世界大战中死去。
4)表语
Jack is always the first to get to the office in the morning.杰克天天清晨老是第一个到办公室。
[注]序数词前面经常使用定冠词the。
◆分数和小数
1. 分数(fraction)份子为基数词,分母为序数词并有复数。
1/2 one half;
1/3 one-third;
2/3 two-thirds;
1/4 one-fourth或 one quarter;
3/4 three-fourths或 three quarters;
2 3/5 two and three-fifths.
2. 小数(decimal)
0.5 zero point five;
1.25 one point two five;
3.458 three point four five eight.
时候点的表达
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1.所有的时候均可以用“小时+分钟”直接读:
6:10 six ten
8:30 eight thirty
2:40 two forty
2.若是所表述的时候在半小时以内,可以用“分钟+past+小时”:
6:10 ten past six
4:20 twenty past four
10:25 twenty-five past ten
3.若是所表述的时候在半小时以外,可以用“(相差的)分钟+to+(下一)小时”:
10:35 twenty-five to eleven
5:50 ten to six
9:49 eleven to ten
4.若是所表述的时候刚好为半小时,可以用“half+past+小时”:
11:30 half past eleven
2:30 half past two
5.若是所表述的分钟和15有关,就有三种表达法:
(15分钟又叫一刻钟:a quarter)
9:15 nine fifteen;fifteen past nine;a quarter past nine
3:45 three forty-five;fifteen to four;a quarter to four
6.整点的表达:
如今是两点整。It’s two./It’s two o’clock.
此外英语中的noon和midnight可别离直接暗示白日和夜晚的12点:
It’s(twelve)noon.如今是午时十二点。
It’s(twelve)midnight.如今是三更零点。
7.约莫时候:
It’s almost two.顿时到两点了。
It’s not quite two.还不到两点。
It’s just after two.刚过两点。
8.若想表白是上午,可在时候后加之a.m.
如:thirteen past six a.m.(上午六点十三分)。
若想表白是下战书,可在时候后加之p.m.
如:four o’clock p.m.(下战书四点)。
9.句子典范
1.It’s nine forty-five.=It’s a quarter to ten.
2.It’s two seventeen.=It’s seventeen past two.
3.It’s three.=It’s three o’clock.
4.It’s nine thirty.=It’s half past nine.
5.It’s six fifteen.=It’s a quarter past six.
6.It’s three fifty.=It’s ten to four.
世纪、年月、年、月、日的表达
1.世纪
①用“定冠词+序数词+century”暗示
例:在十七世纪写作:in the 17th century,读作:in the seventeenth century
②用“定冠词+百位进数+s”暗示
例:在十七世纪写作:in the 1600s,读作:in the sixteen hundreds
注重:这类环境下,现实表达的世纪数是阿拉伯数字自己加一。
2.年月
用“定冠词+(世纪百位进数+十位年月数)+s”暗示
例:在二十世纪三十年月写作:in the 1930s,读作:in the thirties of the twentieth century或in the nineteen thirties
暗示某年月的初期、中期和晚期,可以在定冠词后添加early,mid-和late
比方:
在二十世纪二十年月初期in the early 1920s;
在二十世纪五十年月中期in the mid-1950s
3.年代日
1)年份
①读年份时一般分为两个单元来读,前两个数为一个,后两个数为一个:
1949读作:nineteen forty-nine或nineteen hundred and forty-nine
②若是是三位数,先读第一名,再把后两个数合起来读:
253读作:two fifty-three或two hundred and fifty-three
③此外:2000读作:two thousand,1902读作:nineteen hundred and two或nineteen o two
④若是要利用year,year放在数词以前
比方:in the year two fifty-three B.C.在公元前253年
2)月份
月份是专着名词,除少数几个月份外都有缩写情势:
January-Jan.一月
February-Feb.仲春
March-Mar.三月
April-Apr.四月
August-Aug.八月
September-Sept.玄月
October-Oct.十月
November-Nov.十一月
December-Dec.十仲春
注重:缩写情势后面的点不克不及省略,由于它是暗示缩写情势的符号。
3)日期
用序数词暗示
例:十月一日写作:October 1,October 1st,1 October,1st October,(the)1st of October等,此中的October均可以写成缩写情势Oct.
读作:October the first或the first of October
4)年代日
用英语表达年代日的次序:
①月日年
例:2002年1月17日
写作:January 17(th),2002或January seventeenth,2002(日和年之间需用逗号离隔)
读作:January the seventeenth,two thousand and two
②日月年
例:2002年1月17日
写作:17(th)January,2002或the seventeenth of January,2002(月和年之间需用逗号离隔)
读作:the seventeenth of January,two thousand and two
4.介词的利用
若指在哪一年或哪一月,用介词in;若详细到某一天,需用介词on。
比方:
She was born in 1989.
She was born in August.
She was born in August 1989.
She was born on 2nd August,1989.