在英语中,助动词一般都无详细意义,重要包含:be,have,do,will和shall,而情态动词有详细的词义,可是它们都不克不及零丁作谓语,必需和其他动词一块儿组成谓语。本章从情态动词(如can,may,must等)的用法讲授入手,再深刻到句子,如对Will you…和Shall I…等句型的解析。
典范例句:1.He is listening to music.(他正在听音乐。)
典范例句:2.I can speak English fluently.(我会讲一口流畅的英语。)
1.助动词和情态动词
1.助动词和情态动词的界说
在英语中,助动词一般没有词义,重要帮忙组成谓语,暗示时态、语态、组成疑难及否认@情%hC5Hx%势或增%g63vi%强@语气。情态动词与助动词分歧,它有词义,但它也和助动词同样,不克不及零丁作谓语,必需和其他动词一块儿组成谓语。此外首要的一点是情态动词没有人称和数的变革,厥后必需跟动词真相。
His brother doesn’t like playing basketball.(他哥哥不喜好打篮球。)(暗示否认)
I did go to see him,but he wasn’t in.(我确切去探望他了,但他不在家。)(增强语气)
Have you seen the film?(你看这部片子了吗?)(暗示时态)
()Maria types well.(×)Maria cans type well.
()Maria can type well.(×)Maria can types well.(玛丽亚打字打得很好。)
阐明:当主语是第三人称单数(如Maria)时,can的后面不克不及加s;也不克不及在举动动词后加s,必需用动词真相。
2.助动词和情态动词的种类
(1)助动词的种类
A.be(am,is,are,was,were,been,being)
助动词be与如今分词连系,可以组成举行时态(拜见(第13章 动词的举行时));与曩昔分词连系,可以组成被动语态(拜见(第16章 被动语态))。
Carl is playing badminton with Linda.(卡尔正在和琳达打羽毛球。)
Many people were killed in the 1976 Tangshan Earthquake.
(很多人在1976年的唐山地动中丧生。)
B.have(has,had,having)
助动词have与曩昔分词连系,可以组成完成时态(拜见(第15章 动词的完成时))。
I have read today’s newspaper.(我已读过今天的报纸了。)
Ketty has seen the Backstreet Boys in a concert in Beijing.
(凯蒂已在北京的一场音乐会上见事后街男孩了。)
C.shall(should),will(would)
助动词shall和will与动词连系,可以组成未来时(拜见(第14章 动词的未来时))。
We shall be very happy to see you.(咱们见到你会很欢快的。)
I will make Charlie a chocolate cake tomorrow.(我来日诰日将为查理建造一块巧克力蛋糕。)
D.do(does,did)
助动词do与其他动词连系,可以组成否认句和疑难句。
I don’t like having a barbecue in hot weather.(我不喜好在酷热的气候吃烧烤。)
Do you always forget to bring your bus card?(你常常健忘带公交卡吗?)
(2)情态动词的种类
英语的情态动词重要有can,could,may,might,must,have to,will,would,shall,should,ought to,had better,need,dare等,用来暗示哀求、义务、奉劝、猜测、建议、收罗对方定见也许可等。如下各节将重点讲述一些情态动词的用法。
2.can(could),may(might),must,need
can,may,must是三个最首要的情态动词,它们的根基句型以下所示:
必定句:主语+can,may,must+动词真相+……
否认句:主语+can,may,must+not+动词真相+……
疑难句:Can,May,Must+主语+动词真相+……?
need也能够作情态动词,一般用于否认句和疑难句中。
1.can,may,must的必定句
Vince can speak English and a little German.(文斯会说英语和一点儿德语。)
There may be a shower,so bring an umbrella with you.(可能会有阵雨,带上伞吧。)
We must study hard.(咱们必需尽力进修。)
(1)can的必定句
A.can暗示能力、允许、可能性。暗示能力时一般译为“能;会”,即有这类能力,尤指生下来就具有的能力。
To妹妹y can play the trumpet and draw pictures.(汤米会吹小号和画画。)
A robot can do many different things.(呆板人能做很多分歧的事变。)
They can do some shopping in Pedestrian Street of Nanjing Road.
(他们可以在南京路步行街购物。)
Butterflies can see more colours than human can.(胡蝶比人类能看到更多的色彩。)
首要:当can暗示能力时,may和must都不成以取代它。
B.can只有如今式can和曩昔式could,在暗示其他时态时,可以用be able to来取代。
I could (=was able to)(曩昔时)send e-cards before having the computer lessons.
(在学计较机课以前我就会发送电子贺卡。)
He has been able to(如今完成时)make a homepage and do online shopping on the Internet.
(他已会在互联网上建造主页和举行网上购物了。)
Perhaps people will be able to(未来时)live on the moon in the future.
(未来人们可能会在月球上糊口。)
比力:be able to可用于各类时态
can/could暗示能力时,可用be able to取代。can只有如今式和曩昔式,而be able to可以用于各类时态。
I can (=am able to) use the microwave oven and the toaster.(我会用微波炉和烤箱。)
(2)may的必定句
may评论辩论可能性,表猜测,译为“可能;或许”。may的曩昔式为might,一般用于必定句。
I may go to Vienna one day.(未来有一天我可能去维也纳。)
He asked if he might leave fifteen minutes earlier.(他问他是不是可以提早15分钟分开。)
(此句中的might是may的曩昔式)
You might like to buy a railcard to travel around the country.
(说不定你愿意买张火车优惠卡周游该国。)(might在这里暗示猜测,不暗示曩昔时)
阐明:might暗示的可能性比may要小。
(3)must的必定句
A.must暗示有做某一动作的需要或义务,译为“必需;应当”。
You must cut off the electricity before you change the bulb.(换灯胆前你应当堵截电源。)
You must put the meat in the fridge in su妹妹er.(炎天你必需把肉放进冰箱里。)
You must climb mountains with a partner.(你必需和一名同伴一起登山。)
弥补:You must…句型
You must…句型的意思与祈使句不异。
You must turn left.=Turn left.(你必需向左转。)
B.must暗示有掌控的果断或猜测,译为“必定;准是”,这类环境一般只用于必定句中。
The hair band must belong to Carolyn.(这根发带必定是卡罗琳的。)
The notebook must be Kathy’s.It has her name on it.
(这个条记本必定是凯西的,上面有她的名字。)
(暗示猜测时,must的语气比may和might要必定很多)
比力:must和have to的区分
must偏重于小我意愿和主观上的需要,have to偏重于客观上的需要。
I know I must study hard.(我晓得我必需尽力进修。)(句中夸大小我意愿,应当用must)
The last bus has gone.We have to take a taxi.(末班车已走了,咱们只能乘出租车了。)
(句中暗示客观环境,此时have to不克不及用must取代)
must只有一种情势,而have to则有较多的情势,可用于各类时态。若是must用于曩昔时态或未来时态时,则要用have to来取代。
My brother was badly ill,so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.
(我弟弟病得很利害,我只得三更里把大夫请来。)(一般曩昔时)
I haven’t got any money with me,so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend.
(我身上没有钱,只好向朋侪借点儿了。)(一般未来时)
must可用于间接引语中暗示曩昔的需要或义务。
He said that they must work hard.(他说他们必需尽力事情。)
2.can,may,must的否认句
含有情态动词can,may,must的句子,只要在它们后面加之not,就酿成了否认句。
I can not cook or play chess.(我不会烹调和下象棋。)
You may not leave now.(你如今不成以走。)
You must not talk with food in your mouth.(嘴里有食品的时辰不要措辞。)
(1)can的否认句
can的否认式是can+not,一般写成cannot,缩写为can’t,读作[kɑ:nt],译为“不会;不克不及;不成能”。
She can’t play basketball.(她不会打篮球。)
He can’t be a bad man.(他不成能是坏人。)
(can暗示猜疑或不愿按时,用于否认句及疑难句中)
He couldn’t be a bad man.(他不大多是坏人。)
(could有时只暗示猜疑、猜测水平,不暗示时态)
(2)may的否认句
may not也能够暗示“不成以”,但零丁利用的环境其实不多,大大都环境下用于答复疑难句。
A:May I come in?(我可以进来吗?)
B:No,you may not.=No,you mustn’t.(不,你不成以进来。)
(3)must的否认句
must的否认式是must+not,缩写为mustn’t,读作[msnt],译为“不成以;必定不……”,暗示强烈的语气。
You mustn’t smoke here.It’s too dangerous.(太伤害了,你绝不克不及在这儿抽烟。)
You mustn’t switch it off.(你们不要把它关掉。)
They mustn’t take any book out of the room.(他们不成以从房间里拿走任何书。)
弥补:You must not…句型
You must not…这一句型和否认的祈使句的意思一致。
You mustn’t break anything.=Don’t break anything.(万万不要冲破工具。)
3.can,may,must的疑难句
Can I keep the file for future use?(我可以保留这份文件留做未来利用吗?)
May I close the door?(我可以把门关上吗?)
Must I carry so much water?(我必定要带这么多水吗?)
(1)can的否认句
疑难句型:Can+主语+动词真相+……?(……可以/会/能……吗?)
必定答复:Yes,…can.(是的,……可以/会/能。)
否认答复:No,…can’t.(不,……不成以/不会/不克不及。)
A:Can you play the piano?(你会弹钢琴吗?)
B:Yes,I can.(是的,我会。)/No,I can’t.(不,我不会。)
Can I join the team?(我可以参加这个团队吗?)
Could they win the game?(他们可能赢这场角逐吗?)
(could在这里暗示猜测,不暗示曩昔时)
2.may的疑难句
疑难句型:May+主语+动词真相+……?(……可以……吗?)
必定答复:Yes,…may./Sure./Certainly.(是的,可以。)
否认答复:No,…may not.(不,……不成以。)/No,…mustn’t.(不,……绝对不成以。)
A:May I turn on the light?(我可以开灯吗?)
B:Yes,you may./Yes,please./Certainly./Sure.(是的,可以。/可以,请打开。/固然可以。/可以。)
B:No,you may not./I don’t think you can.(不,不可。/我想不可。)
A:May/Might I watch TV?(我可以看电视吗?)
B:Yes,sure.(固然可以。)/B:No,you mustn’t.(不,绝对不可。)(口吻果断)
弥补:May…?句型另有以下答复方法:
Yes,of course.(是的,固然可以了。)/Yes,certainly.(是的,固然可以了。)/Sure.(固然。)
No,you must not.(不,不可。)(具备强烈制止的象征)
No,you can’t.(不,不可。)(白话中多采纳此句型)
比力:当暗示哀求允许时,can不如may正式。
Can I take your digital camera?
→May I take your digital camera?(我可以用你的数码相机吗?)(比力正式的用法)
当暗示哀求允许时,could比can加倍客套,此时,could不暗示曩昔时,只是使语气加倍委婉。
Could/Can I go to the Ocean Park tomorrow,Mum?(妈妈,来日诰日我可以去海洋公园吗?)
Could/Can we listen to music in the music room?(咱们可以在音乐室听音乐吗?)
与can和could同样,有时为了使语气加倍委婉一些,在疑难句顶用might取代may,此时might不是曩昔式。
A:May/Might I ask a question now?(我如今可以问个问题吗?)
B:No,you may not./No,you’d better not.(不成以。/不,你如今最佳别问。)
(3)must的疑难句
疑难句型:Must+主语+动词真相+……?(……必需……吗?)
必定答复:Yes,…must.(是,必需……)
否认答复:No,…needn’t./…don’t have to.(不,没必要了。)
A:Must I give the baby a bath now?(我如今必需给这个婴儿沐浴吗?)
B:Yes,you must.(是的,你必需。)
B:No,you needn’t./No,you don’t have to.(不,没必要了。)
4.can,could,may,might,must暗示猜测
它们均可暗示对产生或存在的事变的猜测。这里could和might不是曩昔时,猜测的语气不如can,may强;must暗示猜测时语气最强,意为“必定,判定”。
(1)暗示对如今及未来时态、动作的猜测
A.当暗示对如今及未来状况的猜测时,一般用can/could,may/might,must+动词真相。
Monica can’t be in the classroom.(莫妮卡不成能在课堂。)
You may come here whenever you like.(你想何时来就何时来。)
阐明:暗示@如%3i542%今或未%Z6g3w%来@的可能性,可用may/might+动词真相,might的可能性比may要小些。
B.当对如今及未来正在产生的动作举行猜测时,一般用can/could,may/might,must+be+doing(动词的举行式)。
A:Where’s Cindy?(辛迪在哪儿呢?)
B:It’s a fine day.She may/might be enjoying the sunshine on the lawn.
(今每天气好,她极可能在草坪上晒太阳呢。)
弥补:can在必定句中暗示比力一般的可能性,不暗示现实上正在产生或将要产生的详细可能性,这类可能性要用may来暗示。
Your sister can’t be touring Nanjing.I saw her just now.
(你姐姐底子不成能在南京游览,我方才还瞥见她呢。)
C.它们的猜测水平为:may/might暗示“有可能;大要”,might的语气比may要弱,至关于perhaps;can/could暗示“也许”,其可能性比may/might要小,至关于possibly;must的可能性最强,语气较必定。
Our football team plays better than before.It could win.
(咱们的足球队踢得比之前好些,它可能会赢。)(掌控不大)
The news could be true.(这动静或许是真的。)
The earrings might be a present for her mother.(这对耳饰多是给她妈妈的礼品。)
I don’t know if I’ll get a gift.I might get it.(我不晓得我可否获得一份礼品。可能会吧。)
She isn’t answering the phone.She must be out.(她没接德律风。她必定是出去了。)
Each Olympic medal must be at least 3 millimeters thick and 60 millimeters in diameter.
(每块奥运奖牌必需最少3毫米厚,直径最少60毫米。)
(2)暗示对曩昔的状况、动作的猜测
A.当暗示对曩昔的状况、动作的猜测时,must/may/might可用在必定句中暗示必定的猜测,一般用must/may/might+have
done(如今完成时)暗示。
The boy may have got lost.It isn’t easy to find this place.
(这个男孩子可能迷路了,这个处所欠好找。)
She may have missed the bus.(她或许错过大众汽车了。)
阐明:暗示猜测曩昔的可能性时,可以用may/might+have+曩昔分词;但might的可能性比may小些,且might可用could取代。
My watch says it’s only ten past two.It must have stopped.
(我的表示在才2点10分,它必定停了。)
The road is wet.It must have rained last night.(路是湿的,昨天晚上必定下雨了。)
Jack has got the highest mark in this exam.He must have studied hard.
(杰克此次测验得分最高,他必定用功进修了。)
B.can/could用在否认句中暗示否认的猜测,一般用can/could+not+have done(如今完成时)暗示对曩昔的状况、动作的猜测。别的,can/could还可用在疑难句中暗示猜测。
He can’t have forgotten.We were talking about it this morning.
(他不成能忘了,咱们今天早上还说这事了。)
There isn’t any water on the road.It can’t/couldn’t have rained last night.
(路上一滴水都没有,昨天夜里不成能下雨了。)
5.need的用法
need意为“必要”,既可作情态动词,也可作举动动词。
need作情态动词时重要用在否认句和疑难句中;need作举动动词时可用于必定句、否认句和疑难句中。
You
needn’t finish that work today.(你今天没必要把那项事情做完。)(need是情态动词)
Do you need any help?(你必要帮忙吗?)(need是举动动词)
(1)need在否认句中的用法
You needn’t worry about him.He has grown up.(你没必要为他担忧,他已长大了。)
(2)need在疑难句中的用法
A:Need I stay here any longer?(我另有需要留在这儿吗?)
B:Yes,you must.(是的,你必需。)/No,you needn’t.(不,你没必要。)
(3)need在反意疑难句中的用法
We needn’t wait too long,need we?(咱们没必要等过久,是吧?)
弥补:举动动词need的用法
I guess Anna just needs to talk to somebody sometimes.
(我想安娜有时仅仅是必要和人聊聊而已。)
3.Will you…?和Would you (like)…?及Shall I/we…?
Will you be at home tomorrow?(你来日诰日会在家吗?)
Would you have a cup of tea?(可以请你喝杯茶吗?)
1.Will you…?的用法
Will you help me with my homework?(请你教导我做功课好吗?)
Will you buy a newspaper for me?(帮我买份儿报纸好吗?)
(1)Will you (please)+动词真相+……?
A.暗示扣问对方的意愿,哀求对方做某事,是比力客套的用语。
Will you show me some pens?(把笔给我看看好吗?)(哀求对方做某事)
Will you have some rice dumplings?(请吃点儿粽子好吗?)(客套的说法)
阐明:在Will you…(暗示哀求、奉劝)的疑难句中,一般利用some,而不消any。
B.暗示哀求,是更加客套的用语。
Will you please go with me?(您和我一块儿走好吗?)
Will you please take off your hat?(光驾,把你的帽子摘掉好吗?)
2.对Will you…?句型的答复
对Will you…?句型的各类必定和否认答复拜见下表,凡是按照详细语境而定。
A.必定答复
A:Will you open the window?(请打开窗户好吧?)(哀求对方做某事)
B:All right.(好吧。)
A:Will you have a piece of pizza?(吃块比萨好吧?)(建议对方做某事)
B:Yes,please.(好的,请来块。)
弥补:暗示哀求和奉劝时,用Won’t you…?这一句型比Will you…?还要客套。
Won’t you come to my house?(莫非你不要来我家坐一坐吗?)
Won’t you forgive Alan?(你不谅解艾伦吗?)
B.否认答复
A:Will you pass me the book?(请把那本书递给我好吗?)
B:No,I won’t./I am sorry.I can’t.(不,不可。/对不起,不可。)
A:Will you have some Pepsi cola?(喝点儿百事可乐好吗?)
B:No,thank you.(不消了,感谢。)
2.Would you (like)…?的用法
Would you pay me in cash,please?(请您付给我现金行吗?)
Would you like to sing a song?(请唱首歌好吗?)
(1)Would you+动词真相+……?
would是will的曩昔式,Would you…?句型暗示“可以请你……吗?”,语气比Will you…?句型更加委婉。
Would you have a cup of oolong tea?(可以请你喝杯乌龙茶吗?)
Would you tell me the way to the Exhibition Centre?
(光驾,您能奉告我去展览中间怎样走吗?)(答复同“Will you…?”句型)
(2)Would you like…?
暗示哀求、奉劝,是很客套的说法。其答语很机动,要按照措辞人两边的分歧语境而定。
A.用于请人吃工具,暗示“你来些……吗?”
A:Would you like some Christmas pudding?(你必要来些圣诞布丁吗?)
B:Yes,please.(是的,请来些吧。)/No,thanks.(不,感谢。)
阐明:句型“主语+would like to…”暗示“……想要……”,与“…want to…”意思同样,但比力客套。
I’d like to ask you a question.=I want to ask you a question.(我想问你一个问题。)
B.用于征询对方的定见,暗示“你想/愿意……吗?”
A:Would you like to chat with me at lunch time?(午饭时你愿意和我聊谈天吗?)
B:I’d like to.(我愿意。)/Sorry,I’m afraid I can’t.(对不起,我生怕不克不及和你谈天。)
C.用于扣问对方是不是必要某物或是不是必要或人做某事等,暗示“你必要……吗?”
A:Would you like some caviar and mustard?(你必要些鱼子酱和芥末吗?)
B:Yes,please.(是的,请给我一些吧。)/No,thanks.(不消了,感谢。)
3.Shall I/we…?的用法
Shall I buy the book for you?(我要为你买那本书吧?)
Shall we dance together?(咱们一块儿跳个舞好吗?)
(1)Shall I…?的用法
Shall I…?用来提出本身的建议,并扣问对方是不是同意这一建议,译为“我要……吗?”
A:Shall I drive you to the airport?(我要开车送你们去机场吗?)
B:No,thanks.(不消了,感谢。)
A:Shall I wind the car window down?(我要把车窗摇下来吗?)
B:Yes,please.(好的。)
弥补:Shall I…?的答复
Yes,please.(好的,请……)/No,thanks.(不,感谢。)
(2)Shall we…?的用法
Shall we…?用来向对方提出建议、约请,并扣问对方是不是同意,译为“咱们一块儿做……好吗?”。
A:Shall we take a boat together now?(咱们如今一块儿去荡舟好吗?)
阐明:Shall we…?意思上和Let’s…附近。
Let’s take a boat now.(我们如今去荡舟吧!)
B:That’ fine with me.(行,没有问题。)
A:Shall we go to see the famous Oriental Pearl TV Tower?
(咱们一块儿去看闻名的东方明珠电视塔好吗?)
B:Good idea.(好主张。)
A:Shall we make a model house?(咱们一块儿建造一个模子屋子好吗?)
B:Sorry,I’m afraid I can’t.(对不起,生怕不克不及。)
弥补:Shall we…?的答复
All right.(好吧。)/Good idea.(好主张。)/That’s fine with me.(行,没有问题。)/Sorry,I’m afraid I can’t.(对不起,生怕不克不及。)
4.should,ought to和had better
情态动词should,ought to均可以暗示奉劝、建议,一般环境下可以通用。在暗示请求、号令时,…had better(最佳)的语气比…should(应当)强。
1.should的用法
should是shall的曩昔式,没有缩写情势。它作为情态动词时,可用于所有人称,暗示奉劝、建议或有责任、义务去做某事,凡是译为“必需,应当”。
You should put the rubbish in the bin.(你应当把垃圾扔进垃圾箱里。)
You should wash the dress by hand in cool water.(你应当用凉海员洗这条裙子。)
We shouldn’t keep all the lights in our house on all right.
(咱们不该该让屋子里所有的灯整晚都亮着。)
2.ought to的用法
ought to也能够暗示奉劝、建议,译为“应当”。一般环境下,ought to可和should通用,但ought to语气更强烈些。此外,ought to (do sth.)是唯一一个带不定式to的情态动词。要把握它的否认式和疑难式。
My parents are getting older and older.I ought to/should visit them more often.
(我怙恃年数愈来愈大了,我应当更多地去探望他们。)
I enjoy his first play,so I think the new one ought to/should be good.
(我赏识他的第一个脚本,以是我认为这部新剧应当也不错。)
It’s too cold.You ought not to make a snowman outside.(气候太冷了,你不该该在外面堆雪人。)
A:Ought I to put on my coat?(我要穿外衣吗?)
B:Yes,you ought (to).(是的,你要(穿上)。)/No,you ought not (to).(不,你(没必要)穿上。)
3.had better的用法
had better译为“最佳”,它后面要跟动词真相。had better只有一种情势,没有have/has better这种情势;它的否认式是在后面加not。
We had better check the condition of the car before starting our journey.
(上路前咱们最佳先查抄一下车况。)
He’d (=He had) better go now,or he’ll be late.(他最佳如今就走,要否则该迟到了。)
You’d better eat these bananas before they go bad.
(你最佳趁这些香蕉还没坏以前把它们吃掉。)
You’d better not eat so many sweets.(你最佳别吃那末多的糖果。)
5.have to
当句子是如今时,主语为第1、二人称以登科三人称复数时用have to…,主语为第三人称单数时用has to…;当句子是曩昔时的时辰用had to…;当句子是未来时的时辰用will have to…。要注重to后面接动词真相。
1.have to的必定句
句型:主语+have/has/had/will have to+动词真相+……
We have to stay there for three hours.(咱们不能不在那儿呆上3个小时。)
You have to eat less junk food like fried fish and chips.
(你应当少吃像油炸鱼和油炸马铃薯条之类的垃圾食品。)
Mary has to wear sports shoes for gym class.(玛丽体育课必需穿活动鞋。)
I had to get up at 5 a.m. yesterday.(我昨天清晨不能不5点钟起床。)
2.have to的否认句
句型:主语+don’t/doesn’t/didn’t/won’t have to+动词真相+……
Take it easy.You don’t have to be so nervous.(放轻松些,你没有需要这么严重。)
阐明:don’t have to do…意为“没必要做……”。(暗示没有需要)
Emily doesn’t have to go to the Children’s Palace to practise the guitar every day.
(埃米莉没必要天天都去少年宫操练吉他。)
We won’t have to go to school next week.(下周咱们没必要去上学了。)
3.have to的疑难句
句型:Do/Does/Did/Will+主语+have to+动词真相+……?
A:Do we have to wear the school uniform?(咱们必需穿校服吗?)
B:Yes,we do.(是的,咱们必需穿。)/No,we don’t (have to).(不,咱们没有需要穿。)
A:Does Jason have to practise English and Japanese every day?
(贾森必需要天天操练英语和日语吗?)
B:Yes,he does.(是的,他必需天天操练。)/No,he doesn’t (have to).(不,他没有需要天天操练。)
A:Did you have to go on a diet before?(你之前必需节食吗?)
B:Yes,I did.I was overweight.(是的,必需。我超重了。)/No,I didn’t (have to).(不,没有需要。)
Co妹妹on Mistakes(注重!失分圈套!)
圈套例题①
A:Can I help you? B:I bought this watch here yesterday,but it __________ work.【江西中考】