1. 一般在名词词尾加”-s”
map—maps舆图
bird—birds鸟
orange—oranges 桔子
bike—bikes自行车
2. 以s, x, ch, sh末端的名词加”-es”
box—boxes盒子
class—classes班级
watch—watches腕表
dish-dishes盘,碟子,餐具
3. 以o末端的无生命的名词后面加”-s”
photo—photos相片
radio—radios收音机
zoo—zoos动物园
以o末端的有生命的名词后面加”-es”
tomato—tomatoes西红柿
potato—potatoes马铃薯
hero—heroes英雄
negro—negroes黑人
4. 以子音字母加y末端的名词,变y为i加”-es “
baby—babies婴儿
family—families家庭
以元音字母加y末端的名词直接加”-s”
boy—boys男孩
toy—toys 玩具
5. 以fe或f末端的名词,把fe或f变成v加”-es”
knife—knives小刀
wife—wives老婆
leaf—leaves树叶
名词单数变复数的不法则变革
1. child—children
foot—feet
tooth—teeth
mouse—mice
man—men
woman—women
注重:与 man 和 woman组成的合成词,其复数情势也是 -men 和-women, 比方:an Englishman—two Englishmen
但German不是合成词,故复数情势为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans(鲍曼一家)。
2. 单复数同形的名词
比方:deer鹿,sheep绵羊,fish鱼,Chinese中国人,Japanese日本人
注重:除人民币元、角、额外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数情势。比方: a dollar—two dollars
3. 团体名词,以单数情势呈现,但实为复数。
比方:people人, police差人, cattle牛等自己就是复数,不克不及说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说 a person,a policeman,a head of cattle
the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese等名词,暗示国民总称时,作复数用,比方:
The Chinese are hard-working and brave.
中国人民是勤快英勇的。
以s末端,仍为单数的名词
1. maths数学,politics政治(学),physics物理学等学科名词,为不成数名词,是单数。
2. news动静、消息,为不成数名词。
3. the United States美国,the United Nations结合国,应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 结合国事1945年组建起来的。
4. 以复数情势呈现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也视为单数。
“The Arabian Nights” is a very interesting story-book.
<>是一本很是有趣的故事书。
注重1. 暗示由两部门组成的工具,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes 若表达详细数量,要借助数目词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
2. 另有一些名词,其复数情势有时可暗示出格意思,如:goods货品,waters水域,fishes(各类)
小学英语重点常识
1. 如今举行时
暗示正在产生的@事%HmE87%变或举%Eo9mP%行@的动作,常与now,listen,look等词连用。
布局是主语+be动词(am, is, are)+动词ing.
如:It is raining now.
外面正鄙人雨。
It is six o’clock now.
如今6点了。
My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room.我怙恃正在客堂看报纸。
Look! The children are having a running race now.看!孩子们正在竞走。
问句将be动词移前,否认句在be动词后+not.
2. 一般如今时
暗示常常频频产生的事变或动作,常与often, usually, sometimes, always, every day(week year…) 等词连用。
布局是主语+动词真相;当主语为第三人称单数即he,she, it, Tom, my mother, the boy等词时,动词后加s或es.
如:We have an English lesson every day.咱们天天都要上英语课。
Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes, they do.
男孩比女孩跑的快吗?是的。
问句借助于do, does否认句借助于don’t, doesn’t,后面动词必定要还原。
3. 一般曩昔时
暗示产生在曩昔的事变或存在的状况,常与just now; a moment ago; … ago; yesterday; last ( week; month; year; Monday; weekend); this morning等词连用。
布局是主语+be动词的曩昔式(was; were)或主语+动词的曩昔式。注重:be动词与动词曩昔式不成同时利用。
如:My earphones were on the ground just now.我的耳机方才还在呢。
Where were you last week? I was at a camp.你上个礼拜去哪了?我去野营了。
What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm.
你昨天去干吗了?我去观光农场了。
问句有be动词将be动词移前,没有be动词借助于did,后面动词还原;否认句有be动词在后面加not,没有借助于didn’t后面动词还原。
4. 一般未来时
暗示将要筹算产生的事变或动作,常与tomorrow, next week(year; Tuesday…), this week( weekend ;evening; afternoon;…)today等词连用。
布局是主语+be(am, is, are) going to + 动原或主语+will +动原。
如:What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to have a picnic.你来日诰日要去干吗?我要去野餐。
The childre are going to have a sports meeting next week.
孩子们下个礼拜将加入活动会。
Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening.Tom今晚将和怙恃去看表演。
问句将be动词或will移前;否认句在be动词或will后加not.
5. 情态动词
情态动词can; can’t; should; shouldn’t; must; may后必定加动词真相。
如:The girl can’t swim, but he can skate.女孩不会泅水,可是会溜冰。
Don’t talk in class, you should listen to the teacher carefully.不要在课上措辞,你应当当真听教员讲。
6. 祈使句
必定祈使句以动词真相开首;否认祈使句以don’t加动词真相开首。
如:Open the box for me ,please.请为我打开盒子。
Liu Tao! Please get up earlier tomorrow.刘涛,来日诰日请早点起床!
Don’t walk on the grass!不要在草地上走!
Helen!
Don’t climb the tree,please.海伦!不要爬树。
7. go的用法
去干吗用go +动词ing
如: go swi妹妹ing; go fishing;go skating;go camping;go running;go skiing;go rowing…
8.比力问题
than 前用比力级;as…as之间用原级。
如:My mother is two years younger than my father.我妈比我爸年青两岁。
Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben.刘涛跳得和本同样远。
9. 喜好做某事
用like +动词ing或like+ to + 动原。
如:Su Yang likes growing flowers.苏阳喜好莳花。
The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival.孩子们喜好在春节去玩花灯。
10. 想要做某事
用 would like +to+动原或want + to +动原。
例:I’d like to visit the History Museum.=I want to visit the History Museum
我想去观光汗青博物馆。
11. some用法
some用于必定句中,在否认句和问句中改成any,但当暗示婉转语气时仍用some.
如:Can I have some writing paper?
我可以拿一些书写纸吗?
Would you like some orange juice?
你想来一些橙汁吗?
12.代词
人称代词主格做主语用一般放在句首或动词前,主格别离是 I you he she it we you they。宾格做宾语用,一般放在动词或介词后。
如:Open them for me. Let us …, join me等。
宾格别离是me you him her it us you them。
形容词性物主代词放在名词前,不克不及零丁利用,别离是my your his her its our your their;
名词性物主代词至关于形物加名词,它只能零丁利用后面欠好加名词,别离是mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs。
13. 介词
介词后要末不加动词,加动词只能加动词ing情势
如:be good at running;do well in jumping;
14. 时候介词
季候前,月份前用介词in;
如:in su妹妹er;in March
详细的哪一天如礼拜几,几月几日用介词on;
如:on Saturday; on the second of April; on Wednesday morning
在几点钟前用介词at;
如:at a quarter to four;
只在上下战书晚上用in;
如:in the morning/ afternoon/ evening;但在夜间用at night。另:季候,月份和礼拜前欠好加the.
15. 名词复数组成的法子
法则的有:
(1)直接在名词后加s
如orange—oranges; photo—photos;
(2) 以x, s, sh, ch末端的加es
如:box—boxes; glass—glasses; waitress—waitresses; watch—watches;peach–peaches
(3) 以子音字母加y末端的改y为i加es
如:study—studies;library—libraries; hobby—hobbies; family—families;
(4)以f, fe末端的改f, fe 为v+es
如:knife—knives; thief—thieves(注:以o末端的咱们学过的只有mango加es, mango—mangoes其余加s,)
不法则的有:
man—men; woman—women; people—people; child—children
16. 动词第三人称单数的组成
(1)直接在动词后加s
如:run—runs; dance—dances
(2)以s,sh,ch,o末端的加es
如:do—does;go—goes;
wash—washes;catch—catches
(3)以子音字母加y末端的改y为i加es
如:study—studies; carry—carries;
17. 如今分词的组成
(1)直接在动词后加ing
如:sing—singing; ski—skiing;
(2)双写词尾加ing
如:swim—swi妹妹ing; jog—jogging;run—running;
(3)以不发音的e末端的去e加ing
如:ride—riding; dance—dancing; make—making;
18. 动词曩昔式的组成
法则的有:
(1)直接在动词后加ed
如:clean—cleaned; milk—milked; play—played;
(2)以e末端的直接加d
如:dance—danced; taste—tasted;
(3) 以子音字母加y末端的改y为i加ed
如:study—studied;carry—carried;
(4)双写词尾加ed
如:stop—stopped; jog—jogged;
不法则的有:
am,is—was; are—were; do,does—did; have,has—had; go—went; meet—met; sit—sat; see—saw; get—got; tell—told; run—ran; come—came; steal—stole; read—read;
19.形容词副词比力级的组成
法则的有:
(1)直接在形容词或副词后加er
如;small—smaller; low—lower;
(2)以e末端的加r
如:late—larer;
(3)双写词尾加er
如:big—bigger; thin—thinner; fat—fatter;
(4) 以子音字母加y末端的改y为i加er
如:heavy—heavier; early—earlier;
不法则的有:
good, well—better(最高档为best); many, much— more(最高档为most); far—farther或further(最高档farthest或furthest);
20.rain与snow的用法
(1)作为名词意思是雨水和雪是不成数名词
如:There is a lot of rain there in spring. 那儿的春季有不少雨水。
(2) 作为动词意思是下雨和下雪,有四种情势别离是:
动词真相rain;snow;
第三人称单数rains ;snows;
如今分词raining; snowing;
曩昔式rained;snowed;
如:①Look! It is raining now. 瞧!天正鄙人雨。
②It often rains in Nantong in su妹妹er.南通炎天常常下雨。
③ It rained yesterday.昨全国了雨。
④It is going to rain tomorrow. 来日诰日要下雨。
(3)形容词为rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的
如:It is often rainy here in spring.这儿的春季常常是有雨的。
If it is rainy tomorrow, I’ll stay at home.若是来日诰日是有雨的,我将呆在家里。