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1. habit:n.习气;习性
用法小结→相关词组:
good/bad habit好/坏习气;
form the habit of养成……的习气;
living habit日子习气;
eating habit饮食习气;
out of habit出于习气;
break the habit改掉习气
词性变换:
habitual adj.习气的,习认为常的;
habitually adv.惯常,习气地
(2021,山东卷,单项填空)
5.My brother has a healthy
living habit. He stays up late, and he is an early bird.
A. usually B. hardly
C. often D. always
2. hang
v.悬挂;垂落;吊着;把……吊起
词形改变:曩昔式hung,曩昔分词hung
用法小结:
相关词组:
hang on坚持下去;捉住不放;不挂断;
hang out闲逛;
hang up (the phone)挂断电话;
hang onto依托;紧紧捉住
用法:hang可作及物动词,接名词或代词作宾语;也可作不及物动词,其主动方法富含被逼意义。例如:
You may hang your coat on the hook.
你可以把外套挂在钩子上。
All the shirts hang together in the same wardrobe.
一切的衬衣都挂在同一个衣橱里。
(2021,浙江卷,词汇运用)
44. We ____________ (很少地〕hang out at weekends recently.
3. happen
v.(偶尔)发生;可巧
用法小结:
1.标明“某地(某时)发生了啥事”,常用
“sth.+ happen +地址/时刻”句型,此时主语为作业。例如:
The story happened in 1998.
这个故事发生在1998年。
2.标明“或人出了某事(常指不好的事)”,常用
“sth.+ happen+to sb.”这一规划来表达。例如:
A car accident happened to her this morning.
今日上午她发生了交通事端。
What happened to you?=
what’s wrong with you?
你怎么啦?
3.标明“或人可巧做某事”,常用
“sb.+
happen+ to do sth.”来表达。例如:
I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday.
昨日我可巧在街上遇到了我的一个兄弟。
4.标明“可巧或恰巧发生某事”时,还可用
“It happens/happened that…”这一规划来表达。例如:
It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day.
可巧那天布莱恩和彼得在家了。
注:that从句中的主语是人时,该规划可与“sb.+ happen + to do sth.”规划交换。例如:
It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day.= Brian and Peter happened to be at home that day.
词性变换:happening n.发生的事(常用复数):
There have been strange happenings here lately. 这儿迩来发生了一些怪事。
(2021,浙江卷,完形填空)
How did this happen? I ___17___ we were friends.
17. A. found B. admitted
C. realized D. thought
4. hard
adj.硬的;困难的;尽力的;
adv.尽力地;困难地;强烈地
用法小结:
描述词词组:
hard disk硬盘;
hard drive硬盘驱动器;
have a hard time过得困难;
hard copy硬仿制;复印件
副词词组:
work hard尽力作业(学习);
try hard尽力
hard和hardly差异:
1.hard既是描述词,又是自个的副词,标明“尽力的
(地)”、“强烈的(地)”;
2.hardly只作副词,其词义与hard相去甚远,指“几乎不”,标明否定概念。试比照:
He works hard.他尽力作业。
He hardly works.他几乎不作业。
词性变换:
hardness n.硬度;
harden v.硬化;变硬;
hardship n.困难,困难艰险;
近义词:difficult adj.困难的
反义词:soft adj.软的;温柔的;
easy adj.简略的,简略的
(2021,浙江卷,完形)
Over three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go-kart and painted it light blue.
5. health:n.安康,清洁
用法小结:
相关词组:
health care清洁保健;
physical health身体安康;
mental health心思安康;
World Health Organization世界清洁组织
词性变换:
healthy adj.安康的,健全的;healthily adv.安康地;
healthiness n.安康,健全
近义词:fitness n.安康;恰当
(2021,山东卷,单项填空)
21. Tennis can exercise all of our muscles (肌肉) . And it requires _________to spend time with others. This is good for our health, too.
A. ours B. us C. we
6. hear:v.听到;传闻
词形改变:曩昔式heard,曩昔分词heard
相关词组:
hear from sb.收到或人的信;
hear
about传闻,得知;
hear of传闻过
1.hear与listen的差异:hear偏重“听见”,即听的成果;listen偏重听的动作;
2.hear sb. do sth.标明听到或人做某事的全进程;
hear sb. doing sth.偏重听到或人正在做某事。试比照:
I heard him sing a song yesterday.
昨日我听见他唱了一支歌。
I could hear people singing happily next door.我可以听见近邻有人在愉快地歌唱。
(2021,江苏卷,单项填空)
9.Could you speak in a loud voice so that I canhear you _______________?
A. quickly B. happily
C. slowly D. clearly
7. heat:n.热,高温;v.加热;使激动
用法小结:
词组:
heat wave热浪;
heat stroke中暑;
heat up加热
词性变换:
heated adj.热的;激动地,剧烈的:
heated discussion剧烈的谈论;
heater n.加热器
(2021,山东卷,动词使用)
The accident also caused heated discussions on the Internet.
8. heavy:adj.(沉)重的;许多的,严峻的
用法小结:
除了可指分量之外,heavy常用来标明数量、程度或严峻性之大,常见分配有:
heavy traffic拥堵的交通;
heavy rain/snow大雨/雪;
heavy drinking/smoking许多喝酒/吸烟
词性变换:
heavily adv.沉重地;强烈地;
heaviness n.沉重;愁闷
反义词:light adj.轻的
(2021,江苏卷,阅览B)
26. What does the table above show?
A. How heavy an egg can be.
B. How long to cook an egg in a pan.
C. How to make an egg sink.
D. How to check the age of an egg.
9. help:v.&n.协助,协助
用法小结→动词词组:
help oneself (to sth.)自用(食物),自取所需;
can’t help (doing sth.)忍不住(做),不由自立
名词词组:
with the help of sb.=
with sb.’s help
在……的协助下;
ask for help寻求协助
1.help作动词时,就是及物动词,也是不及物动词。常用规划有
help (sb.) with+名词,
help (sb.) in doing sth.,
help (sb.) (to) do sth.(接不定式时可以省掉to):
He always helps (her) with the housework.
他老是帮着(她)做家务。
She helped (me) (to) organize the party.
她协助(我)预备了晚会。
2.help做名词时,标明“协助”时,常接介词with;还可以指“有协助的人或物”,这常常接介词to:
Your advice was a big help to me.
你的主张对我很有协助。
词性变换:
helpful adj.有协助的,有利的;
helpfully adv.有利地,有用地;
helpless adj.无助的;没用的;
helplessly adv.无助地,力不从心地
(2021,北京卷,短文阅览)
I was mortified. My hands were shaking. I couldn't help crying ___16___.
16. A. sadly B. shyly
C. excitedly D. nervously
10. hide:v.把……藏起来;躲藏
用法小结→词形改变:
曩昔式hid,曩昔分词hidden
相关词组:
hide and seek捉迷藏
用法:hide可作及物动词标明“把……藏起来,隐秘……”,也可作不及物动词,标明“躲藏,隐秘”。常用的介词分配有:
hide (sb./sth.) in/under/behind…(把……)藏于……;
hide (sb./sth.) from sb.对……隐秘:
Do not hide your fear from yourself.
不要对自个隐秘你的惊骇。
词性变换:
hidden adj.躲藏的:
hidden trouble/danger风险
(2021,湖南卷,语法填空)
22.Keep trying, ______ you might surprisingly find hidden abilities within you.
A.but B.and C.or
11. history:n.前史;前史学
用法小结刁相关词组:
in history在前史上;
human history人类前史;
modern history近代史;
history museum前史博物馆;
history teacher前史教师
词性变换:
historic adj.有前史意义的;前史上闻名的;
historical adj.前史的;史学的;根据史实的;
historically adv.前史上地;从前史观念上说
留心historic和historical的差异,
historic一般标明具有重要前史意义的;
historical一般标明触及前史、史学、曩昔的实际。试比照:
Today is a historic day for our country.
今日是我国具有前史意义的日子。
He has been doing some historical study.
他一向在进行史学研讨。
(2021年,江苏卷,词汇检测)
43. Amy and Annie will go on a natural history walk next ______________(周日).
19. hit:v.打,撞,击中
词形改变:曩昔式hit,曩昔分词hit
用法小结:
hit sb./sth. with sth.
用……击打……;
hit sth. on/against sth.
使(身体部位)撞到(某物):
He hit his head on the low ceiling.
他的头碰了低矮的天花板。
熟词僻义:hit作名词时,除了标明“击,打”,还可标明“很受等待的人(或事)”:
His new record is a real hit.
他的新专辑极为成功,致使颤动。
近义词:beat v.(敲)打
(2021年,山东卷,动词使用)Liu hit the driver with her phone and prevented the driver from driving the bus safely.
20. hold:v.拿,抱,捉住;进行,举办
词形改变:曩昔式held,曩昔分词held
用法小结→相关词组:
hold on=hang on别挂断;等一下;
hold up举起;hold back隐秘;抑制;
hold onto=hang onto捉住不放
用法:hold除了标明“拿,握,抱”等肢体动作的意义,还常常用来标明“进行,举办,举办”的意思,常见分配有
hold a meeting/party/competition等。
(2021年,山东卷,完形)Then jump straight up as high as you can after the squat position,holding your arms up directly over your head.
21.honest:adj.诚笃的,耿直的
用法小结→相关词组:to be honest厚道说
1.honest前面的不定冠词要用an,不必a:an honestman;
2.be honest with sb.对或人诚笃;
be honest about sth.率直(不隐秘)某事
词性变换:
honesty n.诚笃,耿直;
honestly adv.诚笃地,耿直地:
honestly (speaking)=to be honest厚道说
反义词:dishonest adj.不诚笃的,不厚道的
(2021年,湖北卷,短文填空)Tobe honest,if I compare China with the US, my answer has always been the same: “We are not worse or better than each other; we are only different.”
22.honour:n.荣誉,光彩;尊敬
美式拼写:honor
用法小结→相关词组:
in honour of为留念……;
for the honour of为了……的名誉;
have the honour of有幸……;
guest of honour贵宾
用法:
复数方法honours,特指“优良成果”:
graduate with honours以优良成果结业
词性变换:
honoured adj.受尊敬的;
honourable adj.荣誉的,值得尊敬的
反义词:dishonour n.羞耻,丢人
(2021年,湖北卷,阅览C)
We encourage our kids to take honorscourses(培优课程)or to have after-school jobs.
23.human:n.人类;adj.人的,人类的
用法小结→相关词组:
human body/brain人体/脑;
human being人;人类;
human nature人道
用法:human也可以作名词,此时human=human being,意为“人,人类”。
词性变换:
humanly adv.像人地;以人力;
humanity n.人类;人道
(2021年,北京卷,阅览D)Nowadays,smart machines give us access to most humanknowledge.
24.humorous:adj.诙谐的
用法小结→相关词组:
humorous stories诙谐故事
词性变换:
humorously adv.诙谐地,诙谐地;
humour=humor n.诙谐:
sense of humour诙谐感;
black humour黑色诙谐
(2021年,江苏卷,阅览A)
27.What does the underlined word “resolution” mean in the passage?
A.Promise.
B. Entertainment.
C.Humour
D. Secret.
25.hungry:adj.(饥)饿的;盼望的
用法小结:
hungry一般引申为“盼望的”,常用句式有
be hungry for sth.或
be hungry to do sth.:
She is hungry for success.她盼望成功。
She was hungry to learn.她盼望学习。
词性变换:hunger n.饥饿;
hungrily adv.饥饿地;盼望地
(2021年,山东卷,单项填空)
19. – I'm getting hungry. Do you know where we can get some good food?
– Of course! There ____________ a restaurant around the comer.
A. will be B. was C. is
26.hurry:v.&n.从速,匆促
用法小结→动词词组:
hurry up从速,快点
名词词组:
in ahurry着急,仓促忙忙;
in no hurry不着急,不匆忙;
in such a hurry如此匆忙
用法:
1.hurry可分配一些介词作状语,例如:hurry+ along/down:
She hurried along the road.她仓促地沿路而行;
2.hurry/in a hurry to do sth.标明“着急(赶忙)做某事”:
Katewas in a hurry to grow up.
凯特急迫地想长大。
(2021年,浙江卷,单项填空)
10.–Tony,hurryup and don't forget to lock the door.
-___________________. I'm getting my coat.
A.Wait a minute
B. No deal
C. Nothing serious
D.Bad luck
27.hurt
v.损伤,使受伤;感到痛苦
词形改变:曩昔式hurt,曩昔分词hurt
用法小结:
1.hurt作及物动词,宾语常常为身体部位或许反身代词:
hurt one’s arm/leg/nose;
hurt oneself;
也常用于被逼语态,如:get hurt受伤了。
2.hurt作不及物动词,不接宾语,以身体部位作主语,标明“感到痛苦”,常用分配有:
sth.hurts badly/a lot(某身体部位)很痛;
That/It(really) hurts!(真的)好疼!
近义词:ache v.疼
(2021年,浙江卷,阅览B)
29. According to the passage, what benefit can we get from trampolining?
A. It helps with bone growth.
B.It cures illnesses in our knees.
C. It helps reduce stress on muscles.
D.It prevents ears from being hurt.
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