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主语 + 谓语 + 宾语
名词/代词/动名词/不定式 + 及物动词 + 名词/代词/动名词/不定式
主语 + 谓语 + 宾语（间宾） + 宾语（直宾）
名词/代词/动名词/不定式 + 及物动词 + 代词 + 名词
主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾补
名词/代词/动名词/不定式 + 及物动词 + 代词 + 代词/名词/数词/非谓语动词/副词/形容词/介词短语
主语 + 系动词 + 表语
名词/代词/动名词/不定式 + 系动词 + 代词 + 代词/名词/数词/非谓语动词/副词/形容词/介词短语
实例挨次以下：She arrived (on time). 主谓(状)
她定时到了。
We will accept (their) invitation. 主谓(定)宾
咱们将接管他们的约请。
The company offered him a well-paid job. 主谓+直宾+间宾
那家公司给他供给了一份待遇丰富的事情。
All of them consider him considerate. 主谓宾+宾补
他们大师都认为他很关心。
This is an exciting result. 主系表
这是一个使人冲动的成果。
2、句子八大成份：主语、谓语、宾语，定语、状语、补语，同位语、表语（主谓宾，定状补，同位表）
一、主语
（1）界说：主语是组成句子的八大成份之一，是一个句子所论述的主体，一般位于句首。
（2）主语的暗示：主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式短语、动名词短语等充任。
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. （名词）
We often speak English in class. （代词）
One-third of the students in this class are girls. （数词）
To swim in the river is a great pleasure. （不定式短语）
Smoking does harm to the health. （动名词）
The rich should help the poor. （名词化的形容词）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. （主语从句）
二、谓语
（1）界说：谓语阐明主语所做的动作或具备的特性和状况。动词或动词短语在句中作谓语，一般放在主语以后，并表现人称、数和时态。
（2）谓语的暗示：
简略谓语：由一个动词或动词短语组成。如：He practices running every morning. (动词)
She turned off the light just now. (动词短语)
复合谓语：1）由情态动词加动词真相组成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks.
2）由助动词have/has/had加动词曩昔分词组成。如：He has caught a bad cold.
3）由系动词加表语组成。如：We are students.
三、宾语：
（1）界说：宾语暗示动作的工具或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。比方：
（2）宾语的暗示：宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式短语、动名词短语等充任。
They saw an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）
The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.（代词）
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）
I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）
I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）
（3）宾语种类： 1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），比方：Lend me your dictionary, please.
2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），比方：They elected him their monitor.
四、
定语：
（1）界说：润饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
（2）定语的暗示：定语可由形容词、名词、代词、数词等充任，如（划线部门为定语，黑体部门为中间语）：
*They have something important to announce.（形容词）
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
There are thirty women teachers is our school.（数词、名词）
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）
Jelly received seven gifts on her 16th birthday. （数词）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）
I shared the pizzas made by my aunt with my friends. （曩昔分词短语）
The black dog following Mr. White is a homeless one. （如今分词短语）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
The boy who is reading is Tom. （定语从句）
（3）定语的位置：
察看以上例句，不难发明：单个词作定语时，凡是位于被修遁词以前，作前置定语；短语和从句作定语时，则位于被修遁词以后，作后置定语。
破例：1)形容词润饰不定代词时需后置，如例句They have something important to announce.（形容词）
2)present 在场的，出席的 e.g. All present were surprised.
There were 200 people present at the meeting.
现有的，今朝的 e.g. We are trying to solve the present difficulties.
concerned 担忧的，忧愁的 e.g. Concerned parents held a meeting.
有关的 e.g. the authorities concerned 有关部分
五、状语
（1）界说：润饰动词、形容词、副词或全部句子，阐明动作或状况特性的句子成份，叫做状语。示：
（2）状语的暗示：状语可由副词及副词性词组、介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语、名词、状语从句等充任。
Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）
He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）
Wait a minute.（名词）
Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）
状语种类以下：
How about meeting again at six?（时候状语）
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（时候、缘由状语）
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（前提状语）
Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.（地址状语）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方法状语）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（陪伴状语）
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目标状语）
He was so tired that he fell asleep i妹妹ediately.（成果状语）
She works very hard though she is old.（妥协状语）
I am taller than he is.（比力状语）
六、宾语补足语
（1）界说：弥补阐明宾语的身份、特性或与宾语不异观点的成份。英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语之外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完备。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如：make/name/call等+宾语+宾补）。
（2）宾补的暗示：宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充任。比方：
His father named him Dong Ming.（名词）
They painted their boat white.（形容词）
Let the fresh air in.（副词）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）
We saw her entering the room.（如今分词）
We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）
We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）
七、同位语
（1）界说：某一位词或代词后的同等诠释部门。
（2）同位语的暗示：同位语可由名词、名词词组、从句等充任。
We love our country, China. （名词）
I live in Shijiazhuang, a city not far from Beijing. （名词词组）
注：作同位语的名词或名词词组与被诠释部门指统一人或统一物。
I happened to hear the news that we would have a three-day off. （从句）
注：作同位语的从句内容即为被诠释部门所要表达的内容。
八、表语
（1）界说：表语用以阐明主语的身份、特性和状况，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）以后。
（2）表语的暗示：表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句充任。比方：
Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）
Is it yours?（代词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）
Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby（快乐喜爱）is playing football.（动名词）
The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）
Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
句子成份巧记歌诀
主谓宾表定状补， 七种成份记清晰。
句子骨干主谓宾（表），枝叶成份定状补。
定语润饰主宾表， 宾语以后常有补。
主谓人称数一致， 状语位置最机动。
Exercises:
I. 指出以下句子中划线部门的成份。
1. We all study hard at English.
A. 主语 B. 谓语 C. 宾语 D.表语
2. Betty likes her new bike very much.
A. 主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语
3. My brother is a policeman.
A. 主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语
4. Were you at home last night?
A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语
5. Winter is the coldest season of the year.
A 定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语
6. He often walks in the park.
A.定语 B.状语 C.宾语 D.表语
7. Mary asked me to help her yesterday.
A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语
8. He bought me a nice present last week.
A.宾语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补
9. His parents are doctors.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.谓语 D.定语
10. I’ll get you some tea now.
A.宾语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补
11. My mother told us an interesting story last night.
A.表语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补
12. He has read the book twice.
A.主语 B.谓语 C.表语 D.宾语
13. They seemed unhappy when they heard the news.
A.表语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.定语
14. Do you have something to eat ?
A.状语 B.定语 C.宾语 D.宾补
15. We made him our monitor.
A.宾语 B.定语 C. 状语 D.宾补
II. 划出以下句子的成份。
1. I can swim. 我会泅水。
2. Everything changes. 万物都在变。
3. The plane has already arrived. 飞机已抵达。
4. I like English. 我喜好英语。
5. They are reading books . 他们在看书。
6. He bought a computer last week. 他上周买了台电脑。
7. My mother is a scientist. 我母亲是个科学家。
8. She looks young. 她看上去很年青。
9. The food tastes very delicious. 这食品尝起来很香。
10. My mother bought me a dictionary yesterday. 我母亲昨天给我买了本字典。
11. Can you give me the math book? 你能给我那本数学书吗？
12. Will you tell us something about your school life? 你给我讲讲你们的进修糊口，好吗？
13. We must keep our classroom clean and tidy. 咱们必需连结课堂清洁、整齐。
14. My mother asks me to speak English as much as possible. 我母亲请求我尽量多地讲英语。
15. I heard her singing happily in the room just now. 适才我听到她在房间里欢快地唱着歌。
简略句五种根基句型巧记歌诀
英语句子千万千，五大句型把线牵。
句型种类看动词，后接成份是关头。
系词以后接表语，不及物后无需连。
及物又可分三类，单宾双宾最多见。
另有宾语补足语，各类搭配记心间。
3、“主语+be+表语”句式的常见用法
1. 主语+be+形容词/介词短语/副词(表状况) “某物/或人是甚么样的”
The river is wide and deep. 这条河又宽又深。
Jelly was embarrassed when he was caught cheating in the exam. 做弊被发明时，Jelly感触很为难。
The scenery in the north is attractive. 北方的风光让人沉醉。
The two missing boys were in danger. 那两个走失的男孩面对伤害。
His father was out of work last year. 客岁，他父亲赋闲了。
He is always at a loss while facing difficulties. 面临坚苦时，他老是手足无措。
Time is up. 时候到了。
2. 主语+be+名词/从句 “某物/或人是……”
They are volunteers. 他们是自愿者。
The people over there were workers. 何处的那些人曾是工人。
I am a Senior3 student. 我是一位高三学生。
One hundred dollar is what he needs. 他必要一百美元。
3. 主语+be+介词短语/副词(表地址/方位) “某物/或人在……”
We are in the office. 咱们在办公室。
Everyone is here. 所有人都在此。
Heilongjiang is in the northeast of China. 黑龙江在中国东北。
My home is behind the supermarket. 我家在阿谁超市后面。
4. (1)“或人几多岁” (以5岁为例，雷同地更换春秋数)
He is 5.
He is 5 years old.
He is at the age of 5.
He is aged 5.
(2) 主语+is/was+“in one’s ＋基数词复数情势” “或人几十多岁”
He is in his seventies. 她七十多岁。（从70岁到79岁之间）
She is in her fifties. 她五十多岁。（从50岁到59岁之间）
※还可以借助early，middle，late来表达得更明白一些，比方：
The girl is in her early twenties. 那女孩本年二十2、三岁。
He is in his middle teens. 他本年十4、五岁。
She is in her late twenties. 她本年二十8、九岁。
4、并列连词
1. 界说：用于毗连词与词，短语与短语，句子与句子的词。
2. 分类：
表并列瓜葛
and, as well as, both…and…, not only/just…but (also)
表迁移转变瓜葛
but, yet(但是)
表比拟瓜葛
while(而，却), whereas(但是，可是)
表选择瓜葛
or/or/else/otherwise(不然), either…or…(要末/或……，要末/或……), neither…nor…(既不……也不……), not…but…(不是……而是……)
表因果瓜葛
for(由于), so
(1) Work hard and you will pass the exam. 尽力进修吧，你会经由过程测验的。
(2) My father and mother are teachers. 我爸爸和妈妈都是教员。
(3) He failed many times, but he didn’t despair. 他失败屡次但并无灰心。
(4) Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. 他不但爱看故事，还会写故事呢。
(5) He like not only playing basketball but also playing football. 他不但喜好打篮球，还喜好踢足球。
(6) Neither you nor he is right. 你与他都不准确。
(7) Tom was rich while his brother was very poor. Tom很是富有，但是他的哥哥很是穷。
(8) He didn’t visit us but met his pen-pal. 他没来看咱们而是去见笔友了。
(9) We had better stay at home, for it is raining. 咱们最佳待在家里，由于正鄙人雨。
(10) Hurry up, or you will miss the flight. 搞快点，不然你要错过航班。
