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咱们可能会如许翻译：
People travelling for long distance often need to decide whether they travel by land, by sea or by airplane.
原文翻译：
People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air.
比拟发明原文对付”出远门”并无加介词 for, 表现出原文的精简，由于 travel 既可作及物动词 vt，也可作不及物动词 vi。下面来领会下二者的区分：
及物动词与不及物动词的区分从是不是必要宾语来分。
及物动词（必要加宾语句意才完备）后面必需跟宾语意义才完备的实义动词，叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。
比方：I believe that the co妹妹ittee will consider our suggestion.我信赖委员会将会斟酌咱们的建议。“How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问：“这本书我可以借多久?”
不及物动词（不必要加宾语句意就完备）自己意义完备，后面没必要跟宾语的实义动词；若不及物动词后要跟宾语，必需先在厥后添加之某个介词，如 to, of ,at 后方可跟上宾语。
比方：Birds can fly. 鸟会飞。She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。
介词短语 by land, by sea, by airplane 作为三个并列成份，可以省略 by, 让句子更精简。
二、很少有人可以或许真正喜好坐几个小时以上的火车。
咱们可能会如许翻译：
Few people would like to sit in a train for couple of hours.
原文翻译：
Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than afew hours.
思虑2个问题：
一、few 和 a few 的区分是甚么？与 little, a little 的区分又是甚么？
二、hardly 副词放在句首，为甚么不消倒装？
答复1：
① few 和 a few 固然只差一个 a， 但意思几近彻底相反。
好比：I have a few friends in the government. （我在当局里熟悉些朋侪），也就是我“上面有人”。但若你说：I have few friends in the government. 那就阐明你在当局里不熟悉甚么人。
以是，few 就是“很少，几近没有”，而 a few 则暗示“有一些”，它们都是形容词，润饰可数名词（countable nouns）。
② little/a little之间的区分其适用法跟 a few 和 few 雷同，区分就在于 a little 和 little 只能润饰“不成数名词”。
比方：There is a little water in the bottle.瓶子里另有一些水。There is little water in the bottle.瓶子里几近没水了。
别的，quite a little 暗示“不少”，“大量”，也用来润饰不成数名词。
比方：There is quite a little water in the bottle.瓶子里另有大量的水。
答复2：
有时，hardly位于句首，但句子未引发倒装。根来源根基因在于，hardly不是润饰谓语动词，而是润饰句子的主语。由于hardly具备否认寄义，后面的名词或代词常常含有any，以否认的面孔呈现。如：hardly anyone, hardly any book, hardly anything, hardly any of them等。
这跟only很类似，有时only虽位于句首，但润饰的是主语，也不消倒装。
本色上，当这俩词润饰主语时，底子也没法构成倒装。
请比力：① Hardly any of us believed what he had said. 咱们几近没有人信赖他说过的话。（润饰主语，不倒装）② Hardly had he entered the house when it began to rain. 他一进屋就下雨。（润饰动词entered,倒装）① Only socialism can save China. 只有社会主义才能救中国。（润饰主语，不倒装）② Only then did I realize the importance of English. 只有在当时，我才熟悉到英语的首要性。（润饰状语then,倒装）
三、车箱很快就变得拥堵、闷热，想解脱开旅途的困扰是很难的。
咱们可能会如许翻译：
Train compartments will soon get crowded and hot, and it is almost impossible to get rid of the journey.
原文翻译：
Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy. It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey.
咱们进修下原文的两个单词 cramped 和 stuffy, 领会作者用词之切确。
cramped 的英文诠释：a cramped room, building etc does not have enough space for the people in it ，意思上可以与 crowded 更换，但 cramped 加倍切确且高档。
比方：The kitchen was small and cramped. a cramped apartment.
stuffy 的英文诠释：a room or building that is stuffy does not have enough fresh air in it，更能表现出“闷热”之意。
比方：It’s getting stuffy in here – do you mind if I open the window?
别的，stuffy 另有“守旧的，死板无味的”之意，英文诠释：people, occasions, or places that are stuffy are too formal and old-fashioned – used to 
show disapproval
比方：Their wedding was stuffy and formal.
四、看书只能解决部门问题。车轮与铁轨间单调的嘎喳声很快就会送你进入梦境。
咱们可能会如许翻译：
Reading can only solve part of the problems, and the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon get you to sleep.
原文翻译：
Reading is only a partial solution, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep.
起首，“解决部门问题” 咱们习气于用“动词 + 名词”举行写作（受限于中文思惟），英文中经常使用“形容词 + 名词”举行翻译，句式精简。一般来讲，能用2个词表达清晰意思，就尽可能防止冗余的写法。
其次，咱们把两个分句写成为了一个并列复合句，语法没有毛病，比拟发明作者采纳 for 指导的缘由状语从句，使得全部句子的意思加倍紧凑。固然，咱们也能够把 ,for 更换成 because，那末问题来了，for 和 because 指导的缘由状语从句有何区分？
Because 和 for 的用法分歧的地方：
1.作为缘由状语，because 指导的缘由状语从句位置机动，而 for 指导的缘由状语从句只可在主句以后。
比方:The doctor looks tired because he sat up all night.= Because he sat up all night, the doctor looks tired.大夫看上去很委靡，由于他整晚都站着。The doctor looks tired, for he sat 
up all night with the patient.大夫看上去很委靡，由于他整晚都站着。
2.由 because 指导的缘由状语分句可以零丁用来答复why指导的问句，而 for 指导的分句不可。
比方：-Why does the doctor look so tired?为甚么大夫看上去那末累？-Because he sat up all night.由于他整晚都站着。
3.作为缘由状语，because前可带否认词或其他润饰语，还可带某些并列连词，而 for 分句不成。
比方：The doctor looks tired, not because(不克不及用 for) he isn’t feeling well, but because he sat up all night with the patient.大夫看上去很委靡，不是由于他不惬意，是由于他整晚都站着。
最后，“把或人送入梦境” 原文用的是 lull sb. to do 而不是 get sb. to do，领会下作者用词之切确。lull的英文诠释：to make someone feel calm or as if they want to sleep
比方：The hum of the tyres on the road lulled her to sleep.路上轮胎的嗡嗡声使她昏昏欲睡。
今天禀享的这4句话，总结起来便可以应用到雅思写作话题：游览的利弊。
What are the disadvantages of travelling by train？
Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours. Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy. It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey. Reading is only a partial solution, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep.
很少有人可以或许真正喜好坐几个小时以上的火车。车箱很快就变得拥堵、闷热，想解脱开旅途的困扰是很难的。看书只能解决部门问题。车轮与铁轨间单调的嘎喳声很快就会送你进入梦境。
若是你有新观点英语这套经典课本，建议经由过程回译学起来吧，意想不到的收成在等着你！
