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一般用that，that只起毗连感化，没有现实意义，并且不克不及省略。被夸大部门指人时，可以用who（作主语）/whom（作宾语）替换，其他环境下均用that。
夸大句中的时态
夸大句中的时态要根据原句的时态而定。当原句的时态为曩昔的某种时态时，夸大句顶用was，如果如今时态，夸大句中则用is。
It is physics that I dislike most.
夸大句中人称和数的利用
夸大句中若被夸大部门是句子的主语，that/who以后的谓语动词应在人称和数上与被夸大的主语连结一致。
It is you who are in danger.
It is I who am looking forward to seeing you.
其他夸大句
do/does/did+动词真相
该布局用来夸大谓语，且只能用于一般如今时和一般曩昔时的必定句中。
He does work hard.
She did tell me about her story.
wh-ever疑难夸大句型
疑难词后加之-ever可以对疑难句举行夸大，意为“事实”。-ever可以和疑难词组成一个单词，也能够写成两个单词，但why ever一般写成两个单词。
Wherever have you been so long?
Why ever did you do so?
What… is/was夸大句型
What I should do next is (to) get in touch with the teacher.
夸大句的几种繁杂布局
被夸大的部门是状语从句
It was when I was 7 years old that my talent for playing basketball became obvious.
It was because I was caught in the rain yesterday that I caught a cold.
被夸大的部门含有定语从句
It was at a bank that lies on the main street that the woman was robbed of 1, 000 dollars.
not… until… 布局用于夸大句
对not… until… 举行夸大时，应把not与until一块儿放入被夸大部门，即用It is/was not until… that… 句式。
It was not until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks that I found we had a lot in co妹妹on. 直到咱们相处了几周后，我才发明咱们有很多类似的地方。
夸大句的一般疑难句布局
Is/Was it + 被夸大部门 + that/who + 其他部门？
Is it your mother who works in the company?
Was it at the school gate that you met your teacher?
夸大句的特别疑难句布局
疑难词（被夸大部门）+ is/was it that…?
Where was it that you picked up the wallet?
夸大句的反意疑难句布局
It is/was + 被夸大部门 + that/who + 其他部门，isn’t/wasn’t it?
It is Mike who has won the first prize, isn’t it?
It was yesterday that you went fishing, wasn’t it?
倒装句
英语句子的根基语序是：主语 + 谓语 + 其他成份，即主语在前，谓语在后。但有时句子的全部谓语或曰语的一部门被放在了主语前面，这就构成为了倒装。倒装句分为：彻底倒装句、部门倒装句。
彻底倒装
把句子的全部谓语动词放在主语前面组成的倒装句。
There be句型
在There + be + 主语 + 地址/时候状语的句型中，由于主语是在be动词后面，以是这种句型是倒装句。
There are many people on the street.
暗示地址/时候/标的目的等的介词短语位于句首
此类型句子用彻底倒装。
From the valley came a frightening sound.
At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River lies Chongqing, one of China’s four major municipalities.
暗示标的目的/地址/位置挪动/时候的副词位于句首
如in, out, down, off, away, there, here, then, now等位于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用彻底倒装。
Down come all of you.
There comes the bus.
There he comes. （there, here位于句首，若主语为人称代词，句子不倒装。）
作表语的形容词/分词短语/不定式 + 系动词 + 主语
此类型句子中，出于夸大的目标，把表语提早，组成彻底倒装。
The most widely distributed is the Hui People. 散布最广的是回族。
Lying on the floor is a dying dog.
Standing inside are lots of foreigners.
直接引语的全数或一部门位于句首
此类型句子中，引述动词和它的主语要彻底倒装。
“May I come in?” asked the student?
“Get out!” shouted the old man.
部门倒装
把句子的部门谓语放在主语前面组成的倒装句。so + 助动词/情态动词/be动词 + 主语（表必定）
nor/neither + 助动词/情态动词/be动词 + 主语（表否认）
暗示统一种环境或动作同时合用于二者或一者同时具有两种环境。
He likes playing basketball, so do I.
Mary cannot answer the question, nor/neither can I.
注：so + 主语 +助动词/情态动词/be动词用来增强语气，意为“简直如斯、确切如斯”，先后句的主语为统一人或物。
She is beautiful, so she is.
疑难句
疑难句大部门都用倒装语序，包含一般疑难句、特别疑难句、选择疑难句、反问疑难句。
一般疑难句
在一般疑难句中，将助动词/情态动词/be动词置于主语以前，组成语法倒装。
Do you have many friends here?
Can you speak English?
特别疑难句
疑难词为宾语、表语、状语的特别疑难句必要将疑难词置于句首，将助动词/情态动词/be动词置于主语以前，组成语法倒装。
Where can I park the car?
How much do you need?
选择疑难句
在选择疑难句中，将助动词/情态动词/be动词置于主语以前，组成语法倒装。
Is she a postgraduate or an undergraduate?
Are we going to meet here or at the airport?
反意疑难句
You don’t smoke, do you? 你不吸烟，是吧？
It’s a nice day today, isn’t it? 今每天气很好，是吧？
含有否认意义的副词置于句首
如no, never, seldom, little, hardly等，或含有no的暗示否认意义的短语置于句首时，句子用部门倒装。
Never would he know what she had suffered. 他毫不会晓得她受过的苦。
Rarely does a person succeed when he doesn’t believe in himself. 一小我若是不信赖本身，则很难乐成。
Little does he care whether we live or die. 他丝绝不在意咱们的生死。
Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 他刚到她就起头抱怨。
only置于句首
only置于句首，且润饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时，句子用部门倒装。
Only in this way can you succeed.
注：当only置于句首且润饰主语时，句子不消倒装语序。
Only the people who are qualified can be admitted to the club. 只有那些及格的人材能成为俱乐部会员。
（有些）介词短语置于句首
On no account must we give up this attempt. 咱们决不克不及抛却这个尽力。
In vain did he try to open the locked door. 他想法打开那扇锁着的门但没乐成。
2.2.5 so/such… that…
在so/such… that… 布局中，若so/such指导的部门置于句首，主句用部门倒装。
So absorbed was he in the novel that he did not notice his mother at the door.
他沉醉在了小说中，以致于没有注重到母亲在门口。
not… until, not only… but also, hardly… when (刚一…就…), no sooner… than (一…就…)
此类句式中，当not until, not only, hardly, no sooner置于句首时，句子用部门倒装。
Not until midnight did the rain stop. 直到三更雨才停。
No sooner had I left than she called. 我刚走她就打来了德律风。
if指导的虚拟前提句
if指导的虚拟前提句中含有had, were, should时，可以省略if, 将had, were, should置于主语以前，组成部门倒装。
Had we got there earlier, we would have caught the train.
如果咱们到得早一点，咱们就遇上火车了。
Were I him, I would refuse.
若是我是他，我会回绝。
Should you require anything, just give me a call.
若是你必要甚么，给我打个德律风就行。
替换
在英语中，it, one, ones, that, those, not, so, do等词可以用来代指前文中的某个词语或句子，这类征象称作替换。替换的应用旨在使说话简便。
it的替换用法
A. it可以用来代指上文提到的统一名称的统一事物，即不异指代。它所替换的名词可以
是可数名词也能够是不成数名词。
I was disappointed with the film. I had expected it to be much better.
B. it可以代指某一个句子或词组，使说话简洁、布局公道。
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.
C. it可以代指不定代词everyone, everybody, someone, somebody等。在疑难句的答语中，it可以用来取代暗示人的批示代词。除此以外，it可以在句子中作情势主语或情势宾语，用来取代句子、不定式短语或动名词短语，以连结句子均衡。
Who is there?
It may be Tom’s father.
one/ones的替换用法
one通经常使用来替换上文中的可数名词，它指代的是同类事物中的任何一个，具备泛指寄义，其前可以用冠词、形容词、批示代词、不定代词来润饰，厥后还可以有词组、句子等定语成份。
ones可以用来替换上文中的复数可数名词，暗示泛指寄义，其前也能够用冠词、形容词之类的修遁词。
The question is a complicated one. 这是一个繁杂的问题。
I don’t have a pen. Can you lend me one?
Do you have any pens?
Yes, I have good ones. (ones前面有形容词润饰)
Yes, I have some. (没有形容词润饰时，不成用ones, 而要用some)
注：当one/ones的润饰语为this/these, that/those, the last/the next, 和形容词的比力级或最高档等限制词时，one/ones常省略。
This chair is too low. I’ll sit in that (one).
that/those的替换用法
that可以替换上文中的可数名词或不成数名词，当替换单数可数名词时，that至关于the one, that只能指物，不克不及指人。
those可以替换上文中的复数名词，至关于the ones。
Few pleasures can equal that of a drink on a hot day. (that替换the pleasure)
没有甚么兴趣能比得上在热天喝上一杯了。
The students in Class 2 are more active than those of Class 1. (those替换the students)
so/not的替换用法
so可用作替换词，经常使用于think, suppose, expect, believe, imagine, hope, fear, guess, be afraid等词以后。so替换前文中的必定句，not替换前文中的否认句。
I think so./I don’t think so.
I believe so./I believe not.
I hope so./I hope not.
I guess so./I guess not.
I suppose so./I suppose not.
do/does/did的替换用法
do/does/did可以用来替换前文中的谓语动词（短语）。
He won the first prize in the contest.
So he did. (did = won the first prize)
不定式符号to的替换用法
不定式符号to可以用来替换前文傍边的动词（短语）。
Will you go abroad this su妹妹er?
No, I finally decided not to. (to = to go abroad)
省略句
省略句就是缺乏一个或一个以上的需要的说话成份，但在必定语境中可以或许自力存在、意
义明白，而且可以或许阐扬寒暄功效的句子。省略句是为了防止反复，连结句子简便。
根基句子种类中的省略
报告句中的省略
A. 句子成份的省略。
为了防止反复或使句子加倍简便，在不引发起义的环境下，常把某些句子成份省略，组成省略布局。
Beg your pardon for what I did. (省略主语)
Some of us speak Chinese, others (speak) English. (省略谓语)
注：在祈使句中，凡是省略主语。
B. 春秋、钟点等的省略。
重要省去跟春秋、钟点相干的名词。
She is 20 (years old).
It’s five (o’clock).
C. 答语中的省略。
为了防止反复而省略疑难句的答语。
Which language are you studying?
(I’m studying) English.
疑难句中的省略
A. 一般疑难句
在一般疑难句中，可部门省略主语、谓语、使问句加倍简便、了然。
(Do you) Mind if I take this one?
B. 特别疑难句
在特别疑难句中，多将一些不首要的部门省略，即次要省略，以凸起重点。
Why (do) not (you) join us? (你)为甚么不参加咱们呢？
Why (do) not (you do that)? (你)为甚么不(做)呢？
感慨句中的省略
在感慨句中，常对非感慨部门举行省略，即凸起感慨的部门，省去非感慨部门。
What a lovely day (it is)!
How amazing (it is)!
某些固定搭配中的省略
He is not only kind, but he is (also) honest.
Whether Mr. White will attend the meeting (or not) is not known yet.
在the + 比力级…, the + 比力级…的布局中，可以省略其余部门。
The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).
注：固定短语中介词的省略：
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.
做…有坚苦
spend… (in) doing sth.
花…做…
stop/prevent… (from) doing sth.
阻拦…做…
end up… (by) doing sth.
以做…竣事
take turns (at) doing sth.
轮番做…
be busy (in) doing sth.
忙于做…
have a good/pleasant/hard time (in) doing sth.
做…过的舒畅/艰巨
than, as指导的比力状语从句中的省略
当分歧的主语举行比力时，一般省略从句中的谓语；当从句中的主语与谓语（be动词除外）和主句中的主语与谓语不异时，凡是省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保存比力部门。
She is taller than her sister (is).
I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him.
if指导的前提状语从句中的省略
这些省略布局是颠末持久成长，商定俗称而来的，很少有人存眷其省略的成份。
If (it is) possible/necessary, the old temple will be rebuilt.
There are only a few books in our school library, if (there are) any.
What (will happen) if we can’t finish the work? 若是咱们完不可事情怎样办？
不定式布局中的省略
A. 在特定的语境中，当不定式再次呈现时，为了防止反复，在want, wish, hope, try, plan, like, love, hate等后面凡是只保存to, 而省略后面的动词。
My teacher encourages me to play basketball, but I don’t want to.
B. 若不定式中含有be, have, have been时，凡是将其保存，而把其余部门省略。
Are you a college student? No, but I used to be (a college student).
插入语
插入语的位置比力机动，可位于句首、句中、句末，一般用逗号或破折号与句子离隔。插入语与句中其他成份没有直接语法上的接洽，将其删掉以后，句子布局依然完备。
简短的句子布局作插入语
简短的句子布局作插入语，可以置于句中或句末。
This diet, I think, will do good to your health.
It won’t be raining long, I hope.
注：常见的简短的句子布局有：I think, I hope, I guess, I believe, I suppose, I wonder, I tell you, I say, I’m afraid, I’m sure, you see, you know, as you know, that is, that is to say, what’s more等。
副词/副词短语作插入语
副词/副词短语作插入语，一般放在句首或句末。
You’ll be able to pass the exam, surely.
Luckily for him, he wasn’t hurt in the accident.
注：常见的作插入语的副词/副词短语有：indeed, frankly, obviously, naturally, fortunately, however, briefly, luckily/happily for sb.
介词/介词短语作插入语
介词/介词短语作插入语，一般放在句首，有时也可放在句中。
By the way, Bob sends his best wishes.
注：常见的作插入语的介词/介词短语有：in conclusion, of course, in short, in general, in my view, for instance, in addition, to sb.’ surprise等。
形容词/形容词短语作插入语
某些形容词/形容词短语也可作插入语，如：needless to say, most important of all, worse still, even better, strange to say等。
分词短语作插入语
Compared with China, that country is smaller.
Judging from his accent, he must come from England.
注：常见的作插入语的分词短语有：strictly speaking, compared with, judging from, talking of（谈到…）等。
不定式短语作插入语
To be sure, you can still find poverty in many countries.
To start with, we need your help.
疑难句作插入语
What do you suppose the problem is about?
你认为这个问题是关于甚么的呢？
What do you know about him?
关于他，你晓得写甚么呢？
Which coat do you think I can choose?
你认为我会选择哪件外衣？
Who do you think you are? (do you think作插入语，正常语序为：Do you think who you are? think后面指导宾语从句)
你觉得你是谁啊？
注：带有插入语的特别疑难句的语序：疑难词 + do you think/believe/imagine/suppose/expect/guess/suggest + 报告语序。
There be句型
There be句型重要用来表达某处有或人/某物，暗示一种存在瓜葛，凡是带有一个地址状语。句型中的主语可以带前置/后置定语，但只能是暗示泛指寄义的名词/名词短语。
主谓一致
There be句型中，be是谓语动词，它在人称和数上应当和厥后的主语连结一致。若是be后有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，be动词应采纳“就近原则”，即be与临近的主语在数上连结一致。
There is a pen and two books on the desk.
There 
are two men and a woman in the house.
变革情势
There be句型中be的情势可以按照详细环境有分歧的变革情势。
There is going to be a concert next Monday.
There will be a football match this month.
There used to be a lot of buildings here.
Long long ago, there lived a king.
注：there be句型中谓语动词除be以外，还可以用live, lie, exist, stand, remain等暗示“存在”意义的不及物动词。
固定句式
There is no doubt that…
毫无疑难…
There is no need to do sth.
没有需要做某事
There is no point (in) doing sth.
做某事毫偶然义
There is no use (in) doing sth.
做某事没用
There is no sense in doing sth.
做某事没有事理
There is no good (in) doing sth.
做某事没有益处
非谓语情势
There be句型的非谓语情势有两种：there to be和there being，there 作逻辑主语。非谓语情势的there to be 和there being 布局可用作主语、宾语、或状语。
作主语
A. 有for指导，则用there to be。
It’s a great pity for there to be much trouble in the class.
太遗憾了，这个班上有多方面的贫苦。
It is co妹妹on for there to be problems of co妹
妹unication between teachers and students.
教员与学生之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。
B. 没有for指导，则用there being。
There being a public bus service is a great convenience to people.
公交车对人们十分便利。
The prison is heavily guarded. There being no hope of escape is certain.
作宾语
A. 作介词宾语。
介词for以后常跟there to be, 其他介词以后常跟there being。
What’s the chance of there being an election this year?
本年举办推举的可能性有多大？
He was disappointed at there being no money left.
他对不剩一点钱感触绝望。
The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence.
教员在等着大师都恬静下来。
B. 作动词宾语。
①跟动名词的动词后用there being。
常见的动词有：deny, appreciate, mind, imagine, admit。
②跟不定式的动词后用there to be。
常见的动词有：want, expect, hope, wish, like , hate, would like, prefer, mean, intend等。
She denied there being any misunderstanding between them.
她否定他们之间有任何误解。
Teachers don’t want there to be any students lagging behind.
教员不但愿有任何学生落伍。
They hate there to be long queues everywhere.
他们不肯意到处都要排长队。
We expect there to be no argument.
咱们但愿不会呈现争吵。
People don’t want there to be anther war.
人们不但愿再有战役。
作状语
A. 作自力主格布局，用there being。
There being nothing else to do, they went home. 没有此外事做，他们回家了。
There being nobody else to help me, I had to do it by myself．
因为没有人帮我，我只得单干了。
There being no nobody in the room, we realized that there was no use crying.
屋里没人，咱们意想到哭喊是没有效的。
B. 若置于介词for以后，则用there to be，全部介词短语作水平状语。
It was too late for there to be any buses. 太晚了，不会有大众汽车了。
It is enough for there to be five minutes. 五分钟就足够了。
