动词暗示“动作、举动”,动词是句子的一部门,起偏重要的部门。动词可分为及物动词、不及物动词、双宾动词、针言动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。
及物动词和不及物动词区分:
及物就是后面可以跟“人或物”,不及物就是后面不克不及跟“人或物”。
咱们举几个及物动词的例子:
吃 eat,喝 drink,买 buy,卖
sell。
这4个动词,在表达意思的时辰,后面要跟“人或物”(名词或代词)。
eat (an apple)吃苹果
drink (a cup of tea)喝杯茶
buy (a coat) 买一件外衣
sell (a house)卖一套屋子
以是,如许的动词,后面要跟(人或物)的,就叫及物动词。
不及物动词,就是后面不克不及跟(人或物)。
哭 cry,笑 smile,飞 fly
I cry,我哭(是我的举动,不必要后面跟人或物)。
I smile,我笑(也是我的举动,不必要后面跟人或物)。
Birds fly,鸟飞(是鸟的举动,不必要后面跟人或物)。
双宾动词:
必要加介词to/for, 但接双宾语不加介词,介词后面广泛加”人物宾格”
比方:lend sth to sb.= lend sb sth.(借某物给或人)
buy sth for sb.= buy sb sth.(为或人买某物)
He asked me some questions (他问了我不少问题)
针言动词:
就是动词短语词组
英语中的针言动词重要有下面五类:
1.动词+副词(不跟宾语):
War broke out in 1939.
战役于1939年暴发。
2.动词+介词(跟宾语):
Who is looking after the children?
谁在赐顾帮衬孩子?
3.及物动词+副词(跟宾语,宾语短时可夹在中心):
Put away those dishes.(Put them away.)
把盘子取走。
He pointed out my mistake.(He pointed it out.)
他指出了我的毛病。
4.及物动词+宾语+副词:
She loved to order people about.
她喜好对人发号令。
I can’t tell them apart.
我不克不及把他们区分隔。
5.动词+副词+介词:
I am looking forward to seeing you.
我巴望见到你。
I’ll try to catch up with the rest of the class.
我要想法遇上班上其别人。
此外另有下面两类也能够说是针言动词:
1.动词+名词+介词:
eg: pay attention to 注重, give rise to 引发
2.be+形容词+介词:
be fond of 喜好
be familiar with 认识
be used to 习气于
be suitable for 合适
系动词:
Be动词:(is / are/ was/ were/ have been/ has been/ am/ had been)
eg:He is a teacher.( 他是一位教员)
He was a president two years ago.(他曾两年前是一位总统)—-曩昔式
We are chinese.(咱们是中国人)
I have been a university student.(我是一位大学生)—-如今完成时
2. 感官动词
feel/
seem/look/smell/sound/taste 等
eg: It tastes delicious.(吃起来太甘旨了)
The story sounds interesting.(故事听起来太有趣了)
3.变革动词
get/turn/become/grow 等
eg:She became a college student.(她成为一位大学生)
She grow up.(她长大了)
He got old.(他变老了)
助动词:
(一)助动词有be, have, do, will, shall。它们自己没有词义,只和实义动词的必定情势组成复合谓语,用来暗示时态和语态,组成否认、疑难及增强语气等。
一、be (am, is, are, were, been)
(1)“be + -ing”组成举行时态;
(2)“be + 曩昔分词”组成被动语态;
(3)“be + 动词不定式”组成复合谓语:
①暗示按规划放置要产生的事。The prime minister is to visit Japan next year. 总理将于来岁拜候日本。
② 用于号令。You’re to do your homework before you watch TV.你得做完了功课才能看电视。
二、have (has, had)
(1)“have+曩昔分词”组成完成时态。如:Have you seen the film ? (2)“have been + -ing”组成完成举行时态。如:What have you been doing these days? 这些日子你一向在干甚么?
三、do (does, did)
(1)“do not + 动词真相”组成举动动词的否认式。如:His brother doesn’t like playing basket.;
(2)“Do + 主语 + 动词真相”组成举动动词的一般疑难句。Does he go to school by bike every day?
(3)“do + 动词真相”用于祈使句或报告句中暗示增强语气。
如:I did go to see him, but he wasn’t in我确切去探望他了,但他不在家。
(4)取代前面刚呈现的动词以防止反复。My mother told me to go to bed early.
So I did.
4.will, shall (would, should)
“will (shall+动词真相”组成一般未来时,一般来讲shall用于第一人称,will用于第二人称或第三人称,白话中经常使用will取代shall
如:We will have a meeting to discuss the problem.
(二)情态动词
情态动词暗示措辞人对某一动作或状况的立场,可以暗示“可能”、“可以”、“必要”、“必需”或“理当”等之意。
将情态动词置于主语以前即组成其疑难式,在情态动词以后加not既组成其否认式。现将各情态动词的根基用法分述以下:
一、can和could (could为can的曩昔式) 的根基用法
(1)暗示能力,如:He can speak English better than you.
(2)在疑难句和否认句中暗示“猜疑”、“猜想”或“可能性”,
如:Can this green bike be Liu Dong’s?
(3)暗示“允许”时can可以和may换用,如:You can (may) go home now.
(4)若是要暗示语气委婉,可用could取代can,这时候could再也不是can的曩昔式,
如:Could you come again tomorrow?
(5)can和be able to均可暗示能力,二者在乎思上没有甚么区分。可是can只能有如今式和曩昔式,而be able to则有更多的情势,如:He will be able to do the work better.
二、may和might (might为may的曩昔式)的根基用法
(1)暗示容许或征询对方允许,有“可以”之意,如:You may use my dictionary. 在答复对方说“可以做某事”或“不成以做某事”时,一般多不消may或 may not,以防止语气僵硬,用比力委婉的说法举行答复。如:—- May I use this dictionary? —- Yes, please. 或 —- Certainly. 在哀求对方允许时,若是Might I…? 就比用May I…? 语气更委婉些,如:May I have a look at your new computer? 可是暗示“阻拦”或“制止”对方做某事时,要用must not取代may not,如:—- May we swim in this lake? —- No, you mustn’t. It’s too dangerous.
(2)may或 might均可以暗示可能性,暗示“也许”、“可能”之意,若是用might暗示可能性,则语气加倍不愿定,如:They may (might) be in the library now .
三、must的根基用法
(1)must暗示“必需”、“应当”之意,其否认式 must not,缩写情势为 mustn’t,暗示“不该该”,“不许”、“不准可”或“制止”之意,如:We must study hard and make progress every day. You mustn’t touch the fire.
(2)以must提出的疑难句,如作否认答复时,要用needn’t或用don’t (doesn’t) have to (不 必)来答复,而不消mustn’t,由于mustn’t暗示的是“制止”或“不准可”之意,如:—- Must we finish the work tomorrow? —- No, you needn’t (don’t have to), but you must finish it in three days.
(3)在必定句中must可以暗示猜测,暗示“必定”或“一定”之意,如:—- Whose new bike can it be? —- It must be Liu Dong’s. I know his father has just bought him a new one.
四、can, could, may, must后接完成式的用法
(1)can, could后接完成式的用法:
①在否认句或疑难句中暗示对曩昔产生过的事变的“猜疑”或“不愿定”的立场
②在必定句中,可以暗示曩昔可能做到而现实并没做到的事变,有“奉劝”或“求全”的语气。
如:—- When did you answer her letter? —- Only yesterday. —- It’s too late. You could have answered it earlier, I am sure.
(2) may, might后接完成式的用法
①暗示对曩昔某事的猜测,认为某一件事变在曩昔可能产生了。若是利用might,语气就比力委婉或加倍不愿定,如:Mary might have learned some Chinese before.
②可以暗示曩昔原本可以做到而实 际没有做到的事变,有“奉劝”或“求全”的语气,如:You didn’t do the work well that day. You might have done it better.
(3)must后接完成式的用法:暗示对曩昔某事的猜测,认为某事在曩昔必定做到 了,如:Liu Dong isn’t in the classroom. He must have gone to the library.
五、have to 的根基用法:have to和must的意义附近,只是 must偏重暗示措辞人的主旁观法,而have to 则暗示客观必要,如:I must study hard. I had to give it up because of illness.
六、ought to的根基用法
(l)暗示按照某种义务或需要“理当”做某事,语气比should强,比方:Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations.
(2)暗示猜测,注重与must暗示猜测时的区分:He must be home by now .(判定他已抵家),He ought to be home by now .(不十分必定),This is where the oil must be.(比力坦直) ,This is where the oil ought to be. (比力涵蓄) ;
(3)“ought + have+ 曩昔分词”暗示曩昔应做某事而 现实未做。比方:You ought to have helped him. (but you didn’t) 这时候,ought与 should可以相互换用。注重,在美国英语中ought to 用于否认和疑难句时to可以省略。比方:Ought you smoke so much? You oughtn’t smoke so much.
七、dare的根基用法
(l)dare (dared为其曩昔式) 作情态动词历时,重要用于否认句,疑难句和前提从句中,如:Dared he bread the traffic regulations again?
(2)在现代英语中dare经常使用作举动动词,其变革与一般举动动词不异,如:She dares to stay at home alone at night.
八、need的根基用法
(1)need作情态动词历时,重要用于否认句和疑难句中,如:He needn’t worry about us now.
(2)need也可作为举动动词用,可用于必定句,否认句和疑难句中,厥后可接名词、代词、动名词或带 to 的动词不定式为其宾语。如:You need to practise reading aloud every day.
(3)needn’t后接完成式可以暗示曩昔做了一件原本不需要做的事变,如:—- Did you answer the letter yesterday? —- Yes, I did. —- But you needn’t have answered it.
九、shall的根基用法
(1)shall用作情态动词时,用于第2、三人称,暗示说活人的意愿,可暗示“号令”、“告诫”、“强迫”、“威逼”或“许诺”等意,如:He shall go first, whether he wants to or not.
(2)在疑难句中,shall用于第1、三人称,暗示措辞人的征询对方定见或哀求批示,如:Shall I open the door?
十、should的根基用法
(1)should作为情态动词可以暗示“建议”或“奉劝”,有“应当”之意,如:You should learn from each other.
(2)should后接完成式暗示曩昔没有做到原本应当做的事变,或是做了原本不该该做的事变。如:You should have give him more help.
十一、will的根基用法
(1)用于大家称,可以暗示“意志”或“刻意”,如:I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen.
(2)在疑难句顶用于第二人称,暗示措辞人向对方提出哀求或扣问对方的意愿,如:Will you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium?
(3)will可以暗示一种习气性的动作,有“老是”或“会要”之意,如:Every morning he will have a walk along this river.
1二、would的根基用法
(1)would作为will的曩昔式,可用于大家称,暗示曩昔时候的“意志”或“刻意”,如:He promised he would never smoke again.
(2)在疑难句中,用于第二人称,暗示措辞人向对方提出哀求也许问对方的意愿时,比用will的气加倍委婉,如:Would you like some more coffee?
(3)在平常糊口中,学用“I would like to…”暗示“我想要”或“我愿意”之意,以使语气委婉,如:I would like to do Ex.2 first.
(4)would可以暗示曩昔的习气动作,比used to正式,并无“现已无此习气”的寄义。如:Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after class. / During the vacation he would visit me every week.
(5)表达猜测,如:It would be about ten when he left home./ What would she be doing there?/ I thought he would have told you about it.