admin
*(You) don’t touch me. 不要碰我。
*(You) pass me the ticket, will you? 把票递给我，好吗?
*(I) Beg your pardon. 对不起，请谅解。
2. 省略谓语
*Some of us study English; others (study) French.
3. 疑难句的简单答复
—— Are you a doctor? 你是大夫吗？
—— Yes, I am (a doctor). 是的，我是。
4. 感慨句中的省略
*What a good time (we had) yesterday! 昨天咱们玩得很高兴！
5. 特别疑难句中的省略 (只对所问作针对性的答复)。
—— Which book do you want? 你想要哪一本书?
—— The one on the desk. 书桌上的那本。
6. 所有格后的名词暗示地方时，可以省略。
*He stayed at his uncle’s (house) rather than mine in his childhood. 他小时辰住在叔叔家，而不是我家 。
2、并列句中的省略
1. 省略配合的主语或宾语。
*Mr. Smith picked up a coin on the road and (Mr. Smith) handed it to a policeman. 史姑娘师长教师在路上拾起一枚硬币，并把它交给了一名差人。
2. 若主语分歧而厥后的助动词、情态动词不异，则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。
*Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework. 杰克必定一向在踢足球，玛丽在写功课。
3. 若句子中前半句与后半句的主语与谓语动词不异，则省略后面的谓语成份。
*His approach to solving the problem made me happy, but (made) Jim angry. 他的解决该问题的法子使我欢快，但使吉姆愤慨。
4. 若主语分歧，但重要动词及后续部门不异，则省略后面的重要动词及后续部门。
*I was born in winter in 1988 and Bob (was born in winter) in 1987. 我诞生于 1988年冬季，鲍勃是 1987 年冬季。
3、复合句中的省略
1. 省略主句
—— Why didn’t you come to class yesterday? 你昨天为甚么没来上课？
—— (I didn’t come to class yesterday) Because I was ill. 由于我生病了。
2. 宾语从句中的省略
A. 在know, think, consider, suppose, find, believe, say, decide等动词后面所接的宾语从句中，连词that 可省略；如有and或or毗连的多个宾语从句，则只能省略第一个that。
*He said (that) the text was very important and that we should take advantage of it well. 他说这篇文章很首要，咱们应当好好操纵它。
B. 在suggest, request, require, order, advise等词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词须用 “should+动词真相”，should可省略。
*I suggest that we (should) set off at once. 我建议咱们立即动身。
注:
在以下动词后可用guess, hope, imagine, suppose, say, tell, appear, seem, afraid等。
*I believe so/not.
*I think so/not.
3). 定语从句中的省略
在限定性定语从句中，常可省略作宾语的瓜葛代词；在 way (方法)，time 和moment后的that也常被省略; 当先行词是time, reason, place时，作状语的瓜葛副 when , why, where也可省略。
*The girl ( who/whom/that) the teacher spoke to is Mary.
4). 状语从句中的省略【高频中的高频】
在 when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if, though as, whether 等指导的状语从句中，若谓语含有 be 且主语又跟主句主语不异或从句主语是 it 时,则从句的主句和动词 be 常被省略,这时候从句中可呈现以下:
A. 连词(though, whether, when)+形容词
*Though (his family was) poor, his family managed to send him to school. 固然穷, 可他的家人仍是想法送他去上了学。
B. 连词(whether, as if, while)+介词短语
*He looked everywhere as if (he were) in search of something. 他环视附近仿佛在找甚么。
C. 连词(when, while, though)+如今分词
*While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called. 当我正沿街而行时，听到有人叫我的名字
D. 连词(when, if, even if, unless, once, until, than, as)+曩昔分词
*The party is more interesting than (it was) expected. 集会比预期的要有趣。
E. 连词(as if, as though)+动词不定式
*He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak.
5). 虚拟前提句常可省略 if, 将 were, had, should 提早组成部门倒装。
Were I you (If I were you), I should give that guy. 我会好好地教训阿谁家伙一顿。
6). 在复合句中，有时为了防止反复，可用 so
——She may not be free today.她今天可能没空。
——If so (so=she is not free today), we’ll have to report to the manager. 若是是如许，咱们得向司理陈述。
4、动词不定式的省略
1). 只保存动词不定式符号 to 的场所。
A. 动词不定式作某些动词的宾语时, 常见动词，如 like, love, car expect, prefer, refuse, mean, try, oblige, advise, persuade, agree, want remember, manage 等。
*You can do it this way if you care to. 若是你想做的话你可以如许做。
B. 动词不定式在句中作某些动词后的宾语补足语或主语补足语时,常见动词, 如 ask, tell, advice, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit 等。
*She wants to emerge at the party but her parents won’t allow her to. 她想呈现在本次集会上,,但她怙恃不让她来。
C. 动词不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时,常见的形容词，如 happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready 等。
*I think she should get a job, but you can’t force her to if she is not ready to. 我认为她应当找份事情，但若她不肯意你也不克不及强求。
2). 动词不定式中的省略
在如下环境中常利用不带(或省略)to 的动词不定式:
A. 感官动词(词组)后面,如:feel, hear, look at, notice, see, watch, observe 等 *I observe a man enter the shop. 我注重到一位男人进了商铺。
B. 使役动词后面,如 have, let, make 等。
*The lecture has us write a composition every week. 这个讲师让咱们每一个礼拜写一篇作文。
C. 在 do(did,does) nothing(anything, everything) but(except) do 结 构 中 ( 如 do nothing but do)
*I can do nothing but follow your advice. 除服从你的建议，我不克不及做任何事变。
注:
若是 but 或 except 以前没有 do, 厥后的 to 不克不及省略。也就是合适有 do 无 to，无 do 有 to 的原则。
*There is no choice but to wait.除等，别无选择。
D. what 指导的主语从句，或先行词被 only, first, one, least 或形容词最高档润饰,并且从句中含有 do 时，其表语若是是动词不定式，则常常省去 to。
*What I have to do is（to）take a rest. 我必要做的是苏息。（what 指导的主语从句里有 do，以是 be 动词后面的表语里省略 to。）
*The only thing we could do about the environment is（to）reduce pollution. 对付情况咱们独一能做的就是削减污染。（先行词里有 first，定语从句里有 do，所今后面的表语里省略 to。）
E. 当两个或多个动词不定式并列时,厥后的动词不定式符号可省略,但有比拟意义时则不克不及省略。
*He hasn’t decided whether to leave or to stay. 他尚未决议是分开仍是留下。(暗示比拟,不成省略。)
5、介词的省略
1. 一些常和动词、名词或形容词一块儿搭配的介词常省略，而保存厥后的动名词，常见句型有：spend/waste time (in) doing, lose no time (in) doing, have difficulty/trouble (in) doing, be busy (in) doing, stop/prevent sb (from) doing 等。
*The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time. 大雨使得他没能准时达到那边。
2. 暗示时候的介词at, on 和 in用在next, last, this, these, yesterday, tomorrow, every, each, some, all 等词以前，一般都要省略；用在一段时候状语以前的 for 也可省略（否认句中不克不及省略 for）
*We have been here (for) three weeks. 咱们在这儿已待了三周了。
3. 暗示举动方法的 in 在 in this way, in the same way, in another way 等词组中，常常被省略。
He did it (in) this way rather than (in) another way. 他是如许做的而不是用此外方法。
6、会话答复中的省略
省略在会话中利用遍及，不管是答复他人的问题，仍是在接他人的德律风时城市产生，不然就感觉累坠。
——Do you like this approach to solving the problem? 你喜好解决这个问题的法子吗?
——Yes, (I like this approach) very much. 是的，很是喜好。
夸大句
1、夸大句型
It is/was+被夸大部门+that/who+句子其余成份
注:
1. 夸大句中 it 不克不及改换；
2. it is/was 与其余部门的时态一致，is/was 的数不受被夸大部门单复数的影响，只有 is/was 的情势；
3. 被夸大部门不成所以谓语，被夸大部门是人时可用 that 或 who,其他一概用 that;
4. 被夸大部门如果主语，who/that 以后的谓语动词在人称和数上要与该主语一致。（由于去掉 it is/was…that/who…布局后，句子布局完备，要主谓一致。）
举个例子：
All the novelist held a meeting in the city yesterday.
主语 宾语 地址状语 时候状语
*It was all the novelists that/who held a meeting in the city yesterday.（夸大主语）
*It was a meeting that all the novelists held in the city yesterday.（夸大宾语）
*It was in the city that all the novelists held a meeting yesterday.（that 不克不及换成where）（夸大地址状语）
*It was yesterday that all the novelists held a meeting in the city.（that 不克不及换成 when）（夸大时候状语）
备注：
1. 夸大句的特别疑难句式是“疑难词+is/was+it+that+句子其余成份（报告语序）？”如：When is it that…?/Why is it that…?(也就是把这三个部门it, is/was, that/who 依照 it/was, it, that/who 以一般疑难句的次序绑缚分列在一块儿，前面加之疑难词，后面用报告语序写出句子。)
2. 夸大句的反意疑难句，反义疑难句中的主语用 it。
*It was at 11 last night that I knew the good news, wasn’t it? 昨天晚上 11点中我才晓得这个好动静，不是吗？
2、夸大句型与从句的区分
一般来讲,若是把句中的 It is/was 和 that 去掉，略加调解语序,能还原成完备句子且句意完备的是夸大句。不然就是其他从句。
*It was at three o’clock that we finished the work. 咱们是在三点钟时完成使命的。 (是夸大句型。把 It is/was 和 that 去掉后句子是“We finished the work at three o’clock.”句子照旧是完备的。)
*It is a fact that he has lost the game by one score. 究竟是他们以一分之差输掉了这一局。(同位语从句。fact“究竟”就是 that 指导的从句“他以一分之差输掉了这一局”。以是从句是对前面名词 fact 的诠释，是同位语从句。)
*It is three years since we last met. 自从咱们前次相见已有三年了。(since 指导的状语从句)
3、用“do/does/did+动词真相”举行夸大
这类夸大句型只有一般如今时和一般曩昔时两种,只对必定的谓语动词举行夸大，没有疑难和否认情势。Do 在句中要重读，按照时态提炼出 do 的各类情势, 被提炼的动词酿成动词真相。
*Do be careful next time, please. 下次请务必谨慎。
*She did tell me about her address, but I forget all about it. 她确切奉告过我她的地点,但我全忘了。(原本是 told,夸大动词,咱们提炼出 did,然后用 tell 的真相。)
*She does come from a European country.她简直来自欧洲某个国度。(原本是 comes, 应为夸大动词，咱们提炼出 does, 然后用 come 的真相。)
备注：
1. 表语是不克不及用 It is/was…that 这类布局来夸大；定语与谓语动词也不克不及用这类句型来夸大。但当表语的系动词不是 be 时，也能够用这类布局来夸大。
*It was a doctor that he eventually became.
2. 表语也能够用此外方法来夸大:
*What a fool he is!
*Isn’t it funny! (用感慨句来夸大)
*You cannot be too careful. (用 cannot…too…布局来暗示夸大)
*You cannot be careful enough. (用 cannot…enough 布局来暗示夸大)
3. 有些词语也能够用来暗示夸大:
*The child’s work was being destroyed by his teacher before his very eyes. (用 very 暗示 directly in front of him )
*I was that embarrassed I didn’t know what to say.
倒装句
界说：倒装句就是把谓语动词放在主语以前。
两种情势:一种是全部谓语放在主语以前，叫彻底倒装；另外一种是谓语的一部门，即情态动词或助动词放在主语以前，叫部门倒装。
1、利用彻底倒装的情景
1. There be 句型
*There is a concert in the park tonight. 今晚公园里有一场音乐会。
2. Here, there, now, then, over there, first…later…(first 部门置于句首)置于句首，且谓语多为 be, come, go, follow 等时。
*Now comes the bus. 车来了。
注:
① 这类环境固然暗示的是如今举行的状况, 用一般如今时。
② 主语不成所以人称代词，不然不消主谓倒装。
3. 副词 in, out, down, up, off, back, away 等置于句首时。(这种副词叫做小品副词)
*Away flew the birds. 鸟儿们飞走了。
4. 暗示地址的介词短语 in front of, in the distance等置于句首时，且谓语动词常为不及物动词。【经济学人高频】
*In front of the house sat a desperate young man. 房前坐着一个脸色失望的年青人。
注：
2和3 中，当主语是人称代词时，则主谓不倒装：
*Now it comes. 如今它来了。
*Out he rushed. 他冲了出来。
5. 表语置于句首，主语是名词时，组成“表语+系动词+主语”布局。这类布局是表语前置，也可看做倒装布局。【高频】
*Gone are the days when we had to be at the mercy of the weather. 咱们靠天用饭的日子一去不复返了。(原句是:The days are gone when we had to be at the mercy of the weather. gone 为表语置于句首，彻底倒装。)
*Present at the meeting were experts from all over the world. 出席集会的是来自世界各地的农户。(原句是 Experts from all over the world were present at the meeting. present 放句首，和 were 举行彻底倒装。At the meeting 可以放在最后。)
*Many and long were the conversation they held on the road. 在路上他们举行了屡次长谈。(原句是 The conversation they held were many and long on the road.表语 man and long 放在句首，和系动词 were 举行彻底倒装。)
6. 在带有助动词“ be ”的句子中,动词-ing 和-ed 情势可移至句首,主语移至 “ be ”后面，形玉成部倒装 。
*Running across it is a stream.
*Buried in the sands was an ancient village.
*Pictured here is a wooden tub used for gathering water
7. 当句子的主语较长而谓语较短时，常将状语放在句首，主谓全数倒装使句子布局均衡，防止头重脚轻。
*Faint grow the sound of the bell. (同第 5 点)
*At the end of 
the kaleidoscope are two plates, one made of the glass and the other of ground glass.
8.用于暗示祝福的句型
May you live a long and happy life.
Long live the People’s Republic of China.
2、利用部门倒装的情景
1. 含有否认意义的状语，如 hardly, seldom, never, little, no, not, at no time(决不), by no means(决不), under no condition(决不), in no case(决不), rarely, few, not only, not until, on no account(决不)等放在句首时。
*In no case have I noticed that phenomenon. 我底子没有注重到阿谁征象。
*By no means will this method be satisfactory. 不管若何这类法子都不会使人得意。
*Never have I seen such a splendid building. 我历来没有见过这么雄伟的修建。
注:
上面的否认词或短语的否认范畴包含全部句子时，才引发倒装；若是仅起到局部否认感化(如对主语举行否认等)，则句子不消倒装。
*Not everyone can do things perfectly. 不是所有人都能把事变做得十分完善。
2. “only+状语/状语从句”置于句首时。【高频语法】
*Only in this way can we solve the problem on time. 只有效这类方法咱们才能表示解决这个问题。
*Only when I left my parents did I realize 
how much I loved them. 当我分开怙恃时, 我才意想到我是何等爱他们。
注:
only 润饰的不是状语或状语从句,而是润饰主语时，即便提早，句子也不倒装。
Only he can do the work. 只有他能做这项事情。
3. Hardly/Scarcely had+主语+done…+when…(一般曩昔时)，和 No sooner had+ 主语+done…+than…(一般曩昔时态)
也就是 Hardly/Scarcely 或 No sooner 放句首时，引发句子的部门倒装。
备注：
(这两个句型都译为“一…就…”,前半句用曩昔完成时，后半句用一般曩昔时态。这连个句型的搭配不太好记，只要记着 sooner 像一个比力级, 以是和 than 搭配，剩下的阿谁就和 when 连用。由于 hardly/scarely/no sooner 都属于否认词，以是放句首时，要引发句子的部门倒装。)
*翻译:他一到实行室就起头做实行。
He had no sooner got to the laboratory than he set out to do the experiment.
He had hardly/scarely got to the laboratory when he set out to do the experiment. (hardly/scarely 和 no sooner 都具备否认意义。以是至关于否认词 not，以是要放在 had 后面。同理，作为否认词的它们置于句首时，要引发句子的部门倒装。) 以是酿成:
*No sooner had he got to the laboratory than he set out to do the experiment.
*Hardly/Scarcely had he got to the laboratory than he set out to do the experiment.
4. 虚拟前提句中省略 if 时用部门倒装
在含有 were, had, should 等的虚拟前提句中，省略 if，经常使用倒装。
*Were I (=If I were) in his position, I wouldn’t do it that way. 若是我在他的位置上，我是不会那末做的。
*Had I known about (=If I had known about) this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy would have been saved. 若是我早晓得这类计较机步伐，就可以节省大量的时候和精神了。
*Should it rain (=If it should rain) tomorrow, we would have to put off the sports meeting. 若是来日诰日下雨，咱们就不能不推延活动会了。
5. So…that…布局中，有时夸大 so 所润饰的形容词或副词，常将 so 连同它所润饰的形容词或副词一块儿提早放在句首，引发主句的部门倒装，也就是 so 部门倒装。其布局是 So+adj/adv+部门倒装布局+that…
*So quickly did the workers finish their work that they were praised by the boss. 工人们敏捷完成为了事情，遭到了老板的表彰。
6. so, neither, nor 放句首，暗示前面所说的环境也合用于其别人或物，布局为 “so/neither/nor+助动词/be 动词/情态动词+主语”
*I went to Beijing last month; so did she.
7. 方法状语、频度状语等提至句首经常使用部门倒装（不常见）
*Often have I warned him not to go swi妹妹ing alone. 我常常告诫他不要零丁泅水。
3、though/as 引发的妥协状语从句的倒装句
1. 名词+as / though+主语+动词
*King as he was, he was unhappy. 他虽是国王，但他其实不幸福。
*Child as he is, he knows to help other. 他虽是个孩子，但却晓得帮忙他人。
*Teacher though he is, he can’t know everything. 他固然是教员，但也不成能甚么都懂。
注：
此中的动词凡是为结合动词，也就是说位于句首的名词是厥后结合动词的表语。此外，要出格注重位于句首的名词前习气上不消冠词，即便其前有形容词润饰也不消冠词。比力：
*Boy as [though] he is, he likes to play with girls.=Though [Although] he is a boy, he likes to play with girls. 他虽是男孩，却喜好与女孩子玩。 *Strong man as [though] he is, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks.= Though [Although] he is a strong man, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks. 波赛将军固然顽强，但在曩昔的数周里也遭到了严重的磨练。
2. 形容词+as / though+主语+动词
*Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他固然乐成，但不自豪。
*Improbable as it seems, it’s true. 固然看起来不太可能，但倒是真的。
*Stupid as it sounds，I was so in love with her that I believed her. 虽然听起来很愚笨，我是如斯爱她居然信赖了她的话。
*Patient as he was，he didn’t like waiting that long. 他虽然说有耐烦，也不肯等这么长。
*Beautiful though the necklace was，we thought it was over-priced. 那条项链固然很标致，咱们认为价格过高。
注：
此中的动词也凡是为结合动词，也就是说位于句首的形容词是厥后结合动词的表语。
3. 副词+as / though+主语+动词
*Much as I like Paris, I couldn’t live there. 虽然我喜好巴黎，但我不克不及住在那边。
*Hard though they tried, they couldn’t make her change her mind. 虽然他们做了很大尽力，却无法让她扭转主张。
*Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book in two days. 虽然你读得很快，你总不克不及在两天以内就读完这本书。
*He was unable to make much progress, hard as he tried. 虽然他做了尽力，却未能获得很猛进步。
注：
有的辞书将 much as 作为习语对待，认为它是一个用以指导妥协状语从句的复合连词。再如：
*Much as I admire him as a writer，I do not like him as a man. 他作为一位作家我很敬佩他，但我却不喜好他这小我。
*Much as I like you, I couldn’t live with you. 我虽然很喜好你, 却不克不及和你在一块儿糊口。
4. 动词真相+as / though+主语+动词
*Object as you may, I’ll go. 纵使你否决，我也要去。
*Try as he might, he couldn’t solve the problem. 虽然他千方百计，却未解决这个问题。
*Search as they would, they would find nobody in the house. 不管怎么搜寻，他们在屋子里依然没有找到一小我。
*Dislike him as we may, we must acknowledge his greatness. 虽然咱们不喜好他，但必需认可他的伟大。
*Lose money as I did, we got a lot of experience. 钱固然丢了，咱们却获得了很多履历。
*Fail in the election as he did, he became famous for his fiery speech against slavery. 虽然落第了，但他却以其否决奴隶制的剧烈演说而出了名。
注：
主语后的动词凡是为may, might, would, did 等情态动词或助动词（若暗示情态意义，则选用情态动词；若报告究竟，则用 did, do 等助动词）。
5. 分词+as / though+主语+动词
*Raining hard as it is, I’m going out for a walk. 固然正鄙人着大雨，我仍是要出去溜达。
*Surrounded as we were by the enemy, we managed to march forward. 固然咱们被仇人包抄着，但咱们仍是想法进步了。
*Munching the apple as he was, he had got an eye for all John’s movements. 他虽然在一个劲地嚼着苹果，但仍警戒着约翰的一举一动。
“not…until”句型的夸大句和倒装句
原句：I did not recognize her until she took off the sunglasses.
（想要夸大该句型，必需找到 not until 部门到底在哪里？可以看一下划线部门，就是 not until 部门，详细来讲就是“not until she took off the sunglasses”。接下来咱们来做夸大句和倒装句。）
夸大句：套用夸大句句型 it is/was+夸大部门+that+剩下部门
It was not until she took off the sunglasses that I recognized her.
倒装句：这时辰要把 not until 部门放在句首，属于把否认词放在句首，引发句子的部门倒装。
Not until she took off the sunglasses did I recognize her.
