admin
As the new year starts you might have recently bought a new diary or calendar and thought ‘Where do these words come from？’ – at least that’s what I did。 There is also， of course， also the chance that you have been merrily scheduling in gym appointments and book clubs and all sorts of other details relating to New Year’s resolutions （have you kept yours so far？） but we’ll take the opportunity to add a resolution to your list： learn where we got the names for all the months of the year。 Spoilers： it’s a mixture of gods， rulers， and numbers。
新的一年又起头了，或许你已买了一本新的日志本或日历本。你们可能有如许的疑难：“这些月份的说法有甚么样的由来呢“？——最少我有。固然，你们也有可能已制订好新年规划，好比：制订健身规划，预定好社团和其他和新年规划有关的细节（你想好你的新年规划了吗？）。咱们想借此机遇在你们新规划列表上增加上如许一项规划：领会12个月份的来源。先小小地流露一下：它们的来源和神、统治者和数字有关。
January
一月
January is named after the Roman god Janus， who presided over doors and the beginning of the year （though this is， as you will discover， not as straightforward as it seems）。 Indeed， Janus was usually depicted with two faces looking backwards and forwards， as is often characteristic of a new year； this also gave rise to the term Janus word for words that have two opposite meanings。
一月因此罗马看管流派的Janus定名的，他卖力守门和新一年的初步，虽然如许，你会发明它彷佛不止有一壁。究竟上，Janus经常以两观望向相反标的目的的脸孔示人，这也是新的一年所具有的特色：既要回首曩昔，又要预测将来。如许的形象又付与了“Janus”具备相反寄义的特征。
February
仲春
February is ultimately based on Latin februarius， from februa。 In case that’s not helped things become clearer， februa was the name of a purification feast held on the 15th of this month。 February is a divisive issue in modern pronunciation， with both Feb-yoo-ary and Feb-roo-ary being co妹妹only heard。
仲春构成于拉丁语“februarius”中的“februa”。斟酌到大师可能尚未大白它的意思，这边再弥补阐明一下：“februa”是2月15日举办的一个净化盛宴的名字。现代人对February的发音持有纷歧样的看法，重要有两种读法，第一种是Feb-yoo-ary，第二种是Feb-roo-ary。
March
三月
Which god gets a planet and a month named after him？ You’ve guessed it： Mars。 Why him？ As the Oxford English Dictionary notes， ‘In ancient Rome several festivals of Mars took place in March， presumably in preparation for the campaigning season， since Mars was a god of war。’
哪位神灵具有一个星球并有一个月份以它定名？你或许猜是“Mars”。为甚么是他呢？牛津英语辞书里标注道：在古罗马，几个和火星有关的节日都产生在三月，或许这些节日都和筹备战役的勾当有关，由于Mars是一名战神。
April
四月
We know that the English word April comes from the Latin Aprillis， the fourth month of the ancient Roman calendar， but things are less clear after that。 In old English， April was also sometimes called Eastermonab， ‘Easter month’。
咱们都晓得英语单词“April”来历于拉丁语“Aprillis”，在古罗马的日历上，这是第四个月，但以后的一些事变咱们就不大通晓了。在古英语里“April”有时也被称为“Eastermonab”，意为：“新生月”。
May
蒲月
The month is connected with the goddess Maia。 Perhaps less well known now than the otherdeities with months named after them， Maia （in Greek mythology） was daughter of Atlas and mother of Hermes。 She was considered a nurturer and an earth goddess， which may explain the connection with this springtime month。 Although may is a co妹妹on modal verb， the month and the word are unrelated。
蒲月和神灵Maia（玛雅）有关。玛雅或许没有其他神灵为人们所熟知，在希腊神话中玛雅是Atlas（阿特拉斯）之女和Hermes（爱马仕）之母。她被认为是一名养育者和一名地球女神，这也诠释了May和春天月份的瓜葛。may是一个情态动词，可是月份的“May”和情态动词的“may”是不相干的。
June
六月
Having conceded one month to a Greek deity， we’re now back with the Romans： June is named after the ancient Roman goddess Juno， wife of Jupiter and goddess of marriage and childbirth。 June was also once sometimes known as midsu妹妹er month。
先容了一名希腊神灵，如今咱们继续讲讲罗马的神灵。“June”因此古罗马神灵“Juno”定名的。朱诺是Jupiter（丘比特）之妻，掌管着婚姻和生养临蓐的事件。六月一度被认为是仲夏月。
July
七月
The first month in the calendar named after a real person， July was named in honour of Julius Caesar after his death in 44 BC， July being the month of his birth。 Before it was renamed， the month was known as Quintilis （borrowed into English as Quintile）， which means ‘fifth’。 If you’ve been counting， you’ll know that July isn’t the fifth month： we’ll come on to that when we reach September and October。
这是第一个以人名定名的月份，“July”的定名是为了怀念Julius Caesar（裘里斯凯撒），他于公元前44年归天，七月正好是他诞生的月份。在这个月份改名以前，它叫做“Quintilis”，英语中即为“Quintile”，意为“第五”。若是你会数数的话，你会发明，“July”其实不是第五个月份。关于这个问题，等咱们提到“September” 和“October”的时辰再诠释。
August
八月
Following suit， in 8 BC， the month Sextilis （‘sixth’） was renamed after Augustus， the first Roman emperor， who had died six years earlier。 Augustus himself was given this title when he became emperor， having previously been known as Octavian。 It came from the Latin augustus meaning ‘consecrated， venerable’ which gave rise to the English adjective august， ‘respected and impressive’。
一样地，在公元前8世纪，Sextilis （‘sixth’）这个月改名了，以罗马第一名帝王Augustus（奥古斯都）定名。他于公元前8世纪前六年归天。奥古斯都在他成为帝王的那一天起也改名为“August，以前他叫做“Octavian”（屋大维）。这个词来历于拉丁语“augustus”，意为“神圣的，值得尊重的 ”，这也就付与了英译辞汇“august”（这里作为形容词）“值得尊重的”的意思。
September
玄月
September follows on from Quinitlis and Sextilis， in that it comes from the Latin septem， ‘seven’。 As with those （and the rest of the calendar）， the numbering is a bit off now： September was originally the seventh month in an ancient Roman ten-
month calendar， which started with March。
“September”之以是在“Quinitlis”和“Sextilis”以后，由于它来历于拉丁语“septem”，这里是第七的意思。如许的话，算上日历本里剩下的月份，咱们如今有点紊乱了。“September”开初在古罗马10个月的日历中是排第七个的，阿谁10个月的日历中，第一个月份是“March”。
October
十月
More of the same： octo is the Latin for ‘eight’， for that ten month calendar。 Two months were added to the end of the calendar year around 713 BC， and the beginning of the year was moved to 1 January in 153 BC。
一样地，“octo”在拉丁语中是“eight”（八）的意思，由于阿谁10个月的日历。约莫在公元前713年的时辰，日历的最后加之了两个月，在公元前153年的时辰，一年的起头从一月份计较了。
November
十一月
The pattern continues： November comes from novem， ‘nine’。 November is also， we’re afraid， used ‘with allusion to November’s position at the end of the year， and to the characteristic greyness， gloominess， etc。， associated with it in the northern hemisphere’。 The earliest known example of this allusive use comes from Jane Austen’s posthumously published novel Persuasion。
同上：“November”来自“novem”，在古罗马日历中位于第9个月。咱们感觉“November”一样也暗指它处在年底，具备昏暗，昏暗的意思，凡是和北半球有关。这个暗指性地用法最先呈现在简奥斯汀身后出书的小说《说服》。
December
十仲春
And we finish off the year with December， from decem， ‘ten’。 The month also comes with a brace of adjectives： Decemberish and Decemberly， the latter of which can also be used as an adverb。 And there you have it： a whole calendar year of etymologies to see you through the whole of 2016。
最后咱们来说讲“December”，来历于“decem”，最初指的是十月。这个词另有一些形容词情势：“Decemberish”和“Decemberly”，后者还可以作为副词。好了，这就是和2016年所有月份的有关的典故来历了。
