??前段时间收到了一名读者的邮件,里面提到了一个问题:“南京博物馆”究竟应该写成nanjing museum还是the nanjing museum?
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这是一个挺有意思的问题,简短的答案是:两种写法都可以,但美国媒体倾向于写成the nanjing museum,英国媒体则更多写成nanjing museum
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《牛津英语用法指南》里面提到,大多数博物馆和美术馆名称前面都要加定冠词,比如the british museum, the getty museum, the museum of liverpool,但问题可能出在“大多数”上,因为确实存在少数不符合这一规则的博物馆,比如我们要讨论的“南京博物馆”。
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我看了一下南京博物馆官网的英文版本,里面将南京博物馆写成nanjing museum,比如5月18日的新闻报道:
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on may 18th, nanjing museum holds exhibitions and performances on the theme of “family and country: chinese traditional human relations spirit” to share the development achievements of the museum with the public and make them feel the charm of chinese traditional culture.
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考虑到国内英文官网对冠词的使用可能有时候不太规范,可以看看国外的。我找到了bbc对于南京博物馆的报道,其中有这样的句子:
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the collection from nanjing museum, including chinese national treasures, will be on display in the only uk showing of the exhibition. it opens on 27 june.
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可以看到,bbc的报道中博物馆没有加定冠词。但美国媒体的报道又有所区别,比如下面是《纽约时报》的报道:
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of the two shows, china institute’s is the more nanjing-centric. all of its 50 scrolls, album paintings and fan paintings are on loan from the nanjing museum.
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另一家美国媒体《华尔街日报》也有这样的句子:
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organized in collaboration with the nanjing museum, “art in a time of chaos: masterworks from six dynasties china, 3rd-6th centuries” is far more than a random sampling of top-quality pieces.
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可以看到,这两家美国媒体的报道中都用了定冠词,其他美国媒体如雅虎新闻以及npr也倾向于使用the nanjing museum
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国内以城市
名开头的其他博物馆,比如苏州博物馆(the suzhou museum)和上海博物馆(the shanghai museum)在外媒的报道中也遵循相似的规律。
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不过如果是在标题、封面或者海报等场合,博物馆名称中的冠词通常可以省略,比如“大英博物馆”在标题中经常被写成british museum,但如果在正文中就要写成the british museum,比如英国《卫报》关于大英博物馆有这样的新闻标题:british museum calls for ‘parthenon partnership’ with greece over marbles
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但在正文中则写成:
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the deputy director of the british museum has proposed a “parthenon partnership” with greece that could see the marbles returned to athens after more than 200 years.
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