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2021考研初试12月26~27日举行，2021考研初试环境(点击检察》》2021考研初试真题及谜底解析专题)，第一时候为考生供给考研真题谜底及谜底解析内容，同时新东方考研西席将为考生供给视频直播解析。直播进口|考研真题谜底专区
As a historian who’s always searching for the text or the image that makesus re-evaluate the past, I’ve become preoccupied with looking for photographsthat show our Victorian ancestors smiling (what better way to shatter the imageof 19th-century prudery?). I’ve found quite a few, and-since I started postingthem on Twitter-they have been causing quite a stir. People have been surprisedto see evidence that Victorian had fun and could and did, laugh. They are notingthat the Victorians suddenly seem to become more human as the hundred-or-soyears that separate us fade away through our co妹妹on experience of laughter.
Of course, I need to concede that my collections of “Smiling Victorians”makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographicportraiture created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sittersposing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absentlyinto the middle distance. How do we explains this trend?
During the 1840s and 1850s, in the early days of photography, exposuretimes were notoriously long: the daguerreotype photographic method (producing animage on a silvered copper plate) could take several minutes to complete,resulting in blurred images as sitters shifted position or adjusted their limbs.The thought of holding a fixed grin as the camera performed its magical dutieswas too much to contemplate, and so a non-co妹妹ittal blank stare became thenorm.
But exposure times were much quicker by the 1880s, and the introduction ofthe Box Brownie and other portable cameras meant that, though slow by today’sdigital standards, the exposure was almost instantaneous. Spontaneous smileswere relatively easy to capture by the 1890s, so we must look elsewhere for anexplanation of why Victorians still hesitated to smile.
One explanation might be the loss of dignity displayed through a cheesygrin. “Nature gave us lips to conceal our teeth,” ran one popular Victoriansaying, alluding to the fact that before the birth of proper dentistry, mouthswere often in a shocking state of hygiene. A flashing set of healthy and clean,regular ‘pearly whites’ was a rare sight in Victorian society, the preserve ofthe super-rich (and even then, dental hygiene was not guaranteed).
A toothy grin (especially when there were gaps or blackened teeth) lackedclass: drunks, tramps and music hall performers might gurn and grin with a smileas wide as Lewis Carroll’s gum-exposing Cheshire Cat, but it was not a becominglook for properly bred persons. Even Mark Twain, a man who enjoyed a heartylaugh, said that when it came to photographic portraits there could be “nothingmore damning than a silly, foolish smile fixed forever”.
31. According to Paragraph1, the author’s posts on Twitter
A. changed people’s impression of the Victorians.
B. highlighted 
social media’s role in Victorian studies.
C. re-evaluated the Victorians’ notion of public image.
D. illustrated the development of Victorian photography.
32. What does author say about the Victorian portraits he hascollected?
A. They are in popular use among historians.
B. They are rare among photographs of that age.
C. They mirror 19th-century social conventions.
D. They show effects of different exposure times.
33. What might have kept the Victorians from smiling for pictures in the1890s?
A. Their inherent social sensitiveness.
B. Their tension before the camera.
C. Their distrust of new inventions.
D. Their unhealthy dental condition.
34. Mark Twain is quoted to show that the disapproval of smiles in picturewas
A. a deep-root belief.
B. a misguided attitude.
C. a controversial view.
D. a thought-provoking 
idea.
35. Which of the following question does the text answer?
A. Why did most Victorians look stern in photographs?
B. Why did the Victorians start to view photographs?
C. What made photography develop slowly in the Victorian period?
D. How did smiling in photographs become a post-Victorian norm?
[准确谜底] 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. A
[解析]
31. 经由过程题干定位词，可以定位至首段的首句，首句中 “show that…” 从句中表白作者的概念，因而关头词应为 Victorianancestors smiling, 而接下来紧接着阐述people have been surprised that…该句证实人们对付Victorians 的印象在看到作者的照片以前是纷歧样的，是以才会感触受惊。而滋扰选项，B，social media, 文中并未提到，C选项中 说的是Victorian’s notion,属于混同选项，文中提到的是人们的印象。D选项，文中只是提到作者的照片，而其实不是该选项中的Victorian拍照的成长。
32. 经由过程题干定位词，…he has collected, 可定位至第二段首句， “my collection”,因而该句中，作者认为本身采集的Victorians,…a tiny percentage of …是1840到1900年中心photographs傍边的少少的一部门。因而准确选项B中 
“rare”便是同义更换。而A，C，D都属于滋扰选项，A中的popular在第5段提到，说的是谚语而非是照片利用。D选项中exposure times 文中三四段都有提到，而并无提到照片的结果。
33. 经由过程题干中定位词1890s, 可以定位至第四段的末尾句，Victorians hesitated tosmile…因而，第五段首句继续阐发缘由，先是讲到笑会表露牙齿，尔后紧接着呈现 “shocking state of hygiene”牙齿卫生环境。以是归纳综合得来，该题准确选项，而不必解除其它选项。
34. 经由过程Mark Twain, 可定位至末尾段的末尾句。该句中的“damning, foolish,silly，forever”等关头词正确的表白了Mark Twain 也是对付smiles in pictures是不赞成的立场,并且此立场由来已久。以是由此可以得悉该题的准确选项是A。而作者自己并无表白本身的立场，以是B, C, D都是滋扰选项。
35. 35题则是考查文章的大旨，经由过程整篇文章，第一段以照片引出话题, Victorians’ smiling,是很是少见的，尔后紧接着在第二段，第三段都继续提到人们的fixed smile僵直的笑脸，最后第四段，第五段进一步阐发Victorians不肯意微笑的缘由多是甚么，不赞成摄影时笑的概念也是由来已久。综合归纳综合，可得悉准确选项是A，为甚么绝大大都的Victorians在照片中都看起来很是严厉。
