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Hi, I’m Gina. Welcome to Oxford Online English!
嗨，我是Gina。接待来到牛津大学在线英语讲堂！
In this lesson, you can learn how to tell a story in English. Stories are powerful.
在本节课程中，你会学到若何用英语讲故事。故事很是具备气力。
When you meet someone new, go to a job interview or take a speaking exam like IELTS, you need to tell stories, whether you realise that’s what you’re doing or not. Becoming a better storyteller will make you a more convincing speaker.
当你碰到新的人的时辰、加入事情口试的时辰或是加入雅思这类测验的时辰，不管你是不是意想到了你正在讲故事，你都必要讲。成为一个更好的讲故事的人会让你酿成一个更有说服力的演讲者。
People are attracted to good stories—it’s a fundamental part of being human. Learning how to tell better stories can help you become a more effective English speaker, and a better co妹妹unicator generally.
人们会被好故事吸引——这是人类根基的一部门。学会若何讲更好的故事可以或许帮忙你成为一个使人印象深入的说英语的人，也会让你酿成一个更好的沟通者。
In this class, you’ll learn how to build a story, step by step. You’ll see three different stories, and you’ll see how you can use the same simple ideas in almost any story.
在本节课程中，你会学到若何一步阵势组织一个故事。你会看到三个分歧的故事，并且你会看到你可以如安在任何以事中都利用不异的简略的小点子。
If you want to read the stories before the lesson, make sure you’re watching this on our website: Oxford Online English. com. If you’re watching on YouTube, you can find a link in the video description.
若是你想在课程以前浏览一下故事，确保你是在网站上看的咱们的视频：Oxford Online English.com。若是你是在YouTube上看的，你能在视频描写部门看到一个链接。
There, you can read the three stories in full. We want you to take part in this lesson.
在那边你能看到三个完备的故事。咱们想让你介入这堂课程。
Think of a story you want to tell. As you go through the lesson, you’ll hear our stories, but you should also be building your own story.
思虑一下你想讲的一个故事。在课程中你会听到咱们的故事，可是同时你也要组织本身的故事。
So, think of something funny, scary, interesting or weird that happened to you. Do you have an idea for a story?
以是，想一些产生在你身上的风趣的、可骇的、有趣的或是奇异的事变吧。你有甚么设法吗？
Then let’s begin! A clear story needs to start with some background.
让咱们起头吧！一个清楚的故事必要从布景起头。
Think about basic wh- questions: who, when, where, what? Start your story with one sentence which gives some of this information.
想一想根基的wh—问题：谁、何时、在哪里和甚么？用一句起头你的故事，而这句话里包含这几个信息。
For example: It was su妹妹er, and I went with some friends to a beach in Crimea which you could only get to by boat.
好比说：那是一个炎天，我和朋侪去了Crimea的一个沙岸，你只能荡舟去那边。
I was travelling in Kyrgyzstan, and I decided to go hiking in the mountains. At university, I shared a flat with three other guys.
我那时在吉尔吉斯斯坦观光，我决议去山里郊游。在大学里，我和其他三小我一块儿住一套公寓。
Keep it simple at the beginning: who, when, where, what? Next, add one or two more sentences to give more background details.
刚起头的时辰要简略一点：谁、何时、在哪里、干了甚么？接下来，加之一两个句子，给出更多的布景细节。
You need a balance here: you want to give enough background details to make your story feel real, but you also need to get to the heart of your story quickly. People will lose interest if you don’t get to the point.
这里你必要做好掂量：你想要给出足够的布景细节让你的故事加倍真实，可是你也必要敏捷进入你的故事中间。若是你一向说不到点上的话，人们会损失乐趣的。
Let’s see how you can do this. Look at our first example:
让咱们看看怎样做吧。起首让咱们看一下第一个例子：
It was su妹妹er, and I went with some friends to a beach in Crimea which you could only get to by boat. Think: if you heard this, what questions could you ask to get more details?
那是一个炎天，我和几个朋侪去了克里米亚的沙岸，而沙岸只能搭船达到。想一下：若是你听到这句话的话，你会提甚么问题来扣问更多细节呢？
You might ask things like: Who were your friends?
你可能会如许问：你的朋侪是谁？
Why did you go to this beach? What was the place like?
你们为甚么想去沙岸？阿谁处所怎样样？
Were there any other people there? Answering these questions gives you details you can add after your opening sentence.
那边另有其别人嘛？答复这些问题可以或许给你更多细节，这些细节可以加在开首句以后。
For example: People had been going there for years, and there were benches and tables, places to camp, fire places and so on.
好比说：人们去过那边不少年了，那边有椅子、桌子、可以露营的处所和生火的处所等等。
It was kind of a hippy place, with everyone walking around naked and doing whatever they felt like. Here, we’re focusing on one thing—the place—because it’s the most interesting and unusual detail.
那是一个有点嬉皮士的处所，人们赤裸着身体处处走，做任何想做的事变。在这里，咱们偏重于一件事——阿谁处所——由于那是最有趣、最分歧平常的细节。
For a different story, you might focus on different details: We were all good friends, but like lots of guys in that situation, we played a lot of pranks on each other.
想要一个分歧的故事的话，你可以偏重于分歧的细节：咱们都是好朋侪，可是那种环境下有不少人，@咱%lc24z%们对相%78u7d%互@搞开玩笑。
In this story, the people are more important, so you would give more details about them. Okay: your turn!
在这个故事中，人加倍首要，以是你可以给出一些关于人的细节。好的，到你了！
You need to start your story. Make an opening sentence.
你必要起头的你的故事。组织一个开首句。
Remember: who, when, where, what? Then, add 1-2 sentences giving more background details.
记着：谁、何时、在哪里、和干了甚么？然后，加之一两个句子，给出更多的布景细节。
Focus on the most important elements in your story. Pause the video and do it now!
存眷你的故事中最首要的元素。暂停视频，如今起头吧！
Write it down if you want. What’s next?
若是你想的话，可以写下来。下一步是甚么？
Big question: what makes a story a story? If I tell you that I went to the shop to buy some bread, and then I came home and ate the bread, is that a story?
很首要的问题：甚么培养了一个故事呢？若是我奉告你我去商铺买了一点面包，然后我回家以后吃了面包，那是一个故事吗？
Not really. If it is, it’s not a good one.
其实不是。就算是的话，也不是个好故事。
So, think about it: what makes a story a story? A story needs two things.
以是，想一下：甚么培养了一个故事呢？一个故事必要两个工具：
One: there needs to be a goal. The person or people in the story should want something.
一：必要有一个方针。故事中的人物想要某种工具。
Two: there needs to be tension. That means the goal can’t be too easy to reach.
二：故事中必要张力。那就象征着方针其实不轻易告竣。
In this section, let’s look at putting a goal in your story. Here’s the question: what do the people in your story want?
在这个部门中，让咱们试一下把方针放进你的故事中。这里有一个问题：你的故事中的人物想要甚么呢？
They must want something. This is the heart of your story.
他们必定想要甚么工具。这是你故事的焦点。
If the people in your story don’t want anything, then you don’t have a story. Let’s do an example together: On the last day, we had to catch a train in the evening.
若是你故事中的人们不想要任何工具，那你就并无一个故事。让咱们再一块儿看一个例子：在最后一天，咱们必要在晚上去赶火车。
Pause the video if you need extra time to read. Here we have a simple goal: we needed to catch our train.
若是你想要分外时候浏览的话，那就暂停视频。咱们有一个简略的方针：咱们得赶火车。
Let’s do one more: To reach Issyk-Kul lake, which was the end of my journey, I had to cross a mountain pass, almost 4,000m high. What’s the goal here?
让咱们再来看一个：要想达到我的路程绝顶的伊塞克湖的话，我就得穿过一座山，大要四公里高。这里的方针是甚么呢？
The goal is getting across the mountain pass to the lake. The goal in your story can be something big or something small.
方针是穿太高山，达到湖泊。你故事中的方针可以很大，也能够很小。
You can see in these two examples that we have something very easy and simple—catching a train—and something bigger and more difficult—crossing a 4,000-metre mountain pass on foot. What about your story?
你可以看到在这两个例子中，咱们有很是简略的事变——赶火车——和更大加倍坚苦的事变——徒步穿过四公里的高山。那末你的故事呢？
What’s the goal? What do the people in your story want?
方针是甚么？你故事中的人物想要甚么呢？
Keep this simple. Just add one sentence to your story, setting a goal for you or the other people in your story.
要说得简略一点。只给故事加一两个句子，给你本身或故事中的使命设定一个方针。
Pause the video, write your sentence, then we’ll move on to the next part. Ready?
暂停视频，写下你的句子，然后咱们就进入到下一部门。筹备好了吗？
Ok, remember that we said there are two things every story needs. What’s the second?
好的，记着咱们说过每一个故事必要两个元素。那第二个是甚么呢？
Every story needs tension. What does that mean?
每一个故事都必要张力。那象征着甚么？
Simply, it means that your goal shouldn’t be too easy to reach. Here’s a story:
简略来讲，那象征着你的方针不该该很轻易告竣。这是一个故事：
There was a monster which liked to eat people. A hero killed the monster.
曾有一个怪兽，很喜好吃人。一个英雄杀了怪兽。
Everyone was safe. The end.
每小我都平安了。竣事。
Good story? Obviously not!
这是个好故事吗？固然不是啦！
If the goal in your story is too easy, then your story will be very short and boring. There needs to be tension.
若是你故事中的方针太简略的话，你的故事就会很短也很无聊。故事必要张力。
As they listen to you, people should be thinking: what’s going to happen next? Will everything be ok?
当他们听你说的时辰，人们应当在想：下一步会产生甚么呢？一切都好吗？
How are they going to get out of this problem? The goal needs to be difficult.
他们若何解决这个问题？方针应当是很难的。
There need to be problems. People need to doubt whether you’re going to succeed or fail.
必要有一些问题。人们必要猜你会乐成或失败。
This is tension. For example: On the third day, I had to cross a mountain pass, almost 4,000m high.
这就是张力。好比说：在第三天，我必要穿过一条山路，大要4000米高。
It was so hard, because the air is thin up there and I was carrying a very heavy pack. It seemed to take forever, but finally I got close to the top… and then a storm boiled over the ridge and landed right on my head.
这很是坚苦，由于氛围很是淡薄，我背了很重的背包。看起来要走到永久，但是终极我靠近了绝顶，然后风暴在山脊翻涌，直接落在我的头上面。
There was lightning all around me, even below me! The noise was unbelievable.
我附近都是闪电，乃至下面也是！这声音的确没法置信。
First, you hear how difficult it was, even before the storm hit. Then, the storm arrives.
起首，你会听到它有多灾，即便在风暴攻击以前。然后，风暴将临。
What’s going to happen? Did I make it over the pass?
会产生甚么呢？我乐成超出了那条路吗？
Did I get hurt? Let’s look at one more example: One weekend, I was going home to visit my parents.
我受伤了吗？让咱们再来看一个例子：一个周末，我在回家看我怙恃的路上。
I said bye to my flatmates, and told them not to do anything to my room. “Don’t worry, we won’t.
我和我的室友辞别，奉告他们不要动我的房间。“别担忧，咱们不会的。”
Have a good weekend.” they said. I knew they were going to do something, but I couldn’t believe what they actually did:
“周末舒畅。”他们说。我晓得他们必定会做点甚么的，可是我不信赖他们居然那末做了：
This is a very different kind of story, but the structure is the same.?I have a goal, which is to visit my parents and come back without my friends doing anything to my room.
那是一个很是分歧的故事，可是布局差未几。我有一个方针，那就是去看我的怙恃，然后回家的时辰我的朋侪并无动我的房间。
You also have some tension. You hear sentences like this:
你也有张力。你听到如许的句子：
I told them not to do anything to my room. I knew they were going to do something.
我奉告他们不要动我的房间。我晓得他们必定要做点甚么的。
When you hear these, you know they’re going to do something to my room, but you don’t know what. This is called foreshadowing.
当你听到这些的时辰，你晓得他们必定会对我的房间做点甚么，可是你其实不晓得到底做了甚么。这就叫做预示。
You know something bad is going to happen, but you aren’t sure exactly what. That’s where the tension comes from.
你晓得很欠好的事变要产生，可是你其实不肯定究竟是甚么。那就是张力的来历。
What did they actually do? Hopefully, you want to know what happened next.
他们到底做了甚么呢？但愿你想要晓得接下来产生了甚么。
Now, think about your story. How can you add some tension?
如今，想一想你的故事。你若何增长一些张力呢？
One way is to add problems or difficulties: things that get between you and your goal. Another way is to use foreshadowing, like our story above.
一种方法就是增长问题或坚苦：那就是拦截在你和你的方针之间的事变。另外一种方法就是利用预示。
Pause the video and add tension to your story. This is an important part of your story, so think about it carefully.
暂停视频，给你的故事增长一点张力吧。这是你故事中很首要的一部门，以是要当真思虑。
Aim to write 2-3 sentences, and start 
again when you’re done. Okay?
写下两三个句子，然后写完以后再次起头。好吗？
Now, you’re ready to think about the end of your story. To finish your story, you need to resolve the tension.
如今，你可以想一想你的故事的末端。为告终束这个故事，你必要解决张力。
At this point, the people listening to your story should want to know what comes next. You’ve created some tension.
在这个时刻，听你故事的人应当想要晓得接下来会产生甚么。你已缔造了一些张力。
They aren’t sure what’s going to happen, but they want to know. So, finishing your story is simple: explain what happened in the end, and whether you (or whoever) reached your goal or not.
他们其实不肯定会产生甚么，可是他们想要晓得。以是，竣事故事很是简略：诠释最后产生了甚么，和是不是你（或其别人）达成为了方针。
Let’s finish the three stories you’ve seen in this lesson: Remember that you can pause if you need more time to read 
or review the story.
让咱们完成你在本节课中看到的三个故事吧：记着，若是你必要更多时候来浏览或温习故事的话，你可以暂停。
Let’s read the end together. We loaded our stuff onto a kayak and swam almost a kilometre around the cliffs.
让咱们一块儿看看末端。咱们把工具放到了独木舟上，然后绕着绝壁大要游了一公里。
A naked hippy paddled the kayak, which was piled high with our things and looked like it could sink at any minute. We made it to land, and after several hours of hitchhiking and walking, we caught our train.
一个赤裸的嬉皮士划着独木舟，舟上堆满了咱们的工具，看起来随时城市沉掉。咱们终究到了陆地，在几个小时的郊游和步行以后，咱们终究遇上了火车。
It was stressful at the time, but looking back now it makes a good story! You can see that the ending does two things.
那时咱们压力很是大，可是如今转头一看，真的是一个很棒的故事！你可以看到末端处置了两件事。
In this story, we have tension: there’s a mine in the harbour and we can’t leave by boat. How did we solve it?
在这个故事中，咱们有张力：口岸有一个煤矿，咱们无法搭船分开。咱们若何解决的呢？
By swi妹妹ing for a kilometre, with a naked hippy transporting our stuff in an overloaded kayak. Secondly, the ending explains whether we reached our goal or not.
咱们游了一公里，然后赤裸的嬉皮士用一个超载的独木舟运输咱们的行李。第二，末端诠释了咱们是不是达成为了方针。
In this case, happily, we caught the train! What about our second story?
在这类环境下，荣幸的是，咱们遇上了火车！那末第二个故事呢？
I forgot how tired I was and ran down the slopes to get to safety. I stayed the night lower down and tried again the next day.
我健忘了我有多累，为了平安跑下斜坡。我在低一点的处所过了一晚上，次日继续测验考试。
I made it over the pass, but it was a very frightening experience. Again, the ending resolves the tension—I ran below the storm and tried again the next day—and also explains whether I reached my goal or not.
我乐成穿过了那条山隘，可是那是一次很是惊险的体验。一样的，末端解决了张力的问题——我在风暴下奔驰，次日继续测验考试——并且诠释了我是不是达成为了我的方针。
Finally, what did happen to my room at university? They made my room into a jungle!
最后，我大学里的房间到底怎样样了呢？他们把我的房间弄成为了一个热带森林！
I’m not kidding: there were flowers, plants, three whole trees, jungle animals made from paper, and a ‘sounds of the forest’ mix playing on my stereo. It took me three hours to clean up, and also I have hay fever—an allergy to pollen.
我真的没在开打趣：内里有花、植物、三整棵树、纸做的森林动物和用我的立体音响播放的“丛林之声”。我花了三个小时才清算清洁，我有花粉热——对花粉过敏。
So I was sneezing and blowing my nose the whole time. For my flatmates, that just made it funnier…
以是我一向在打喷嚏、擤鼻子。对我的室友而言，那只是让全部故事加倍风趣了。
It’s the same pattern: we resolve the tension by answering the question: what did my flatmates do to my room? We also find out whether I reached my goal or not (I didn’t).
布局是同样的：咱们经由过程答复——我的室友对我的房间做了甚么——这个问题解决了张力。咱们也弄清晰了我是不是达成为了我的方针（我没有）。
Now you’ve seen the three stories; can you see what each one has right at the end? Each story ends with a retrospective co妹妹ent.
如今你已看了三个故事，你能看到每一个末端都有甚么嘛？每一个故事都以回首性的评论末端。
Retrospective means ‘looking back’. A retrospective co妹妹ent tells people how you feel now about the story, or how other people felt.
回首性象征着“往回看”。回首性的评论奉告人们你如今对故事是怎么的感觉，或其别人有甚么感受。
For example: It was stressful at the time, but looking back now it makes a good story!
好比说：那时我压力很大，可是如今想起来真的是一个很棒的故事！
It was a very frightening experience. For my flatmates, that just made it funnier…
那是一次很是使人惧怕的体验。对我的室友而言，那只是让情景加倍可笑了…
You don’t have to put a retrospective co妹妹ent at the end of your story, but it’s a good way to finish. Most of all, a retrospective co妹妹ent sounds like an ending.
其实不长短要在你故事的末端加一个回首性的评论，可是那是一种很好的末端方法。最首要的是，回首性的评论听起来很像一个末端。
That’s useful, especially if you’re speaking, because it shows your listener that you’ve finished speaking. Now, you need to finish your story.
那很是有效，特别是若是你在发言的时辰，由于那会奉告你的听众你要竣事发言了。如今，你必要给你本身的故事末端。
Pause the video and write an ending. Remember that you need to do two things: resolve the tension, and explain whether or not you reached your goals.
暂停视频，写一个末端。记着你必要做两件事变：解决张力，然后诠释你是不是达成为了方针。
Let’s review: To tell a good story, you need to:
让咱们温习一下：要讲好一个故事，你必要：
– Set the scene and give some background information. – Establish a goal for the person or people in your story.
— 设置场景，然后给一些布景信息。— 给故事中的使命设立方针。
– Add some tension, so that people aren’t sure what will happen in the end. – Finish the story and add a retrospective co妹妹ent.
— 增长一些张力，包管人们不晓得末端会产生甚么。— 竣事故事，增长一个回首性的评论。
Of course, there are other things which are important in a story. Adding interesting details and descriptions can make your story more lifelike.
固然了，故事中也有一些其他的首要事变。增长一些有趣的细节和描写会让你的故事更宛在目前。
Adding jokes and humour can improve many stories. Giving some background on the people and their personalities can bring the people in your stories to life.
加一点笑话或是诙谐可以或许晋升不少故事的质量。给你的人物和他们的性情一点布景信息，可以或许让故事中的人物加倍活泼。
But, nothing is more important than structure, and that’s what you’ve seen in this lesson. A story without good structure isn’t really a story.
可是，没有甚么比布局加倍首要，那就是你在本节课程中学到的工具。没有好的布局的故事算不上一个故事。
Get the structure right first. Maybe you’re thinking, “I don’t have the vocabulary to tell stories like that.”
把布局放在第一名。可能你在想：“我没有讲那种故事的辞汇量。”
Not true: I’ve heard very powerful stories from students who spoke very basic English. Vocabulary doesn’t make a good story.
那其实不对：我听过不少只会说很是根本的英语的学生讲的很具备气力的故事。辞汇其实不能组成一个好故事。
Structure and emotion make a good story. Focus on structure and practise what you’ve learned in this lesson.
布局和感情才能培养一个好故事。专注于布局，然后操练你在本节课程中学到的工具。
You can tell great stories in English, too! Do you have a story you’d like to share?
你也能够用英语讲很棒的故事啦！你有想要分享的故事吗？
Please post it in the co妹妹ents. You can see the sample stories we used in this lesson in the full lesson on our website: Oxford Online English dot com.
在评论中奉告大师吧。你可以在咱们的网站上看到本节课全数的故事典范：Oxford Online English dot com.
We also have many other free English lessons which you can watch and study from. That’s all for this lesson.
咱们另有其他的免费课程可供你旁观进修。本节课程竣事。
Thanks for watching! See you next time!
