英语句子的根基语序是“主语+谓语+其他成份”,即主语在前,谓语在后。但有时出于语法和修辞上的必要,咱们将句子的全部谓语或曰语的一部门放在主语前,这就构成为了倒装。将主语和谓语彻底倒置过来,叫作彻底倒装。只将助动词移至主语以前,叫作部门倒装。有些倒装是出于语法上的必要,非用倒装语序不成,有强迫性;有些语法例是出于到达某种修辞的结果(如夸大、均衡、跟尾、刻画等)。
01部门倒装
因为语法和修辞的缘由将助动词(包含系动词、情态动词等)提到主语前面,这类倒装称为部门倒装,部门倒装重要有以下几种环境:
1)疑难句中的部门倒装
一般疑难句,将助动词置于主语以前,组成语法倒装;以疑难词为宾语、表语或状语的特别疑难句必要将疑难词置于句首,将助动词置于主语前,组成语法倒装。
例句:Where have you been these days ?
这些天你都到哪里去了?
例句:Have you heard from Jane lately ?
近来收到简的来信了吗?
例句:Do you like reading Pride and Prejudice?
你喜好读《狂妄与成见》吗?
注重:特别疑难句中,若是疑难词作主语或润饰主语时,不必倒装。
例句:Who let out the secret ?
是谁泄露的机密?
例句:What colour is the new carpet ?
新地毯是甚么色彩的?
2)only润饰状语时的部门倒装
“only+状语/状语从句”位于句首时,句子的主语或主句中的主语和谓语要部门倒装。
例句:Only in small town does he feel secure and relaxed.
只有在小城镇时,他才会感触平安和放松。
例句:Only in your own heart can you find the true peace.
只有在你的心里中,你才能找到真实的安静。
3)暗示否认意义的副词或连词放在句首时的部门倒装
此类副词或连词重要有not、little、hardly、never、no sooner…than…、hardly/scarcely…when…、not only…but also…、at no time、by no means、on no condition、in no case、in no event、nowhere、、seldom等。
例句:Never once have the old couple quarreled with each other since they were married 40 years ago.
老两口成婚四十多年了,历来没有吵过架。
例句:Seldom do I go out alone in the evening.
晚上我很少一小我出去。
例句:No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
我刚抵家就下起了雨。
例句:Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
直到19世纪初,人类才晓得热能是甚么。
例句:Not only has he a first-class brain but also he is a tremendously hard worker.
他不但有着甲等聪慧的脑筋,并且事情上很能刻苦。
例句:Hardly had we finished our dinner when the electricity was cut off.
咱们刚吃完饭就停电了。
4)在含有had/were/should的虚拟前提句中部门倒装
在含有had/were/should的虚拟前提句中可以省略if,将had/were/should放在主语以前,组成部门倒装。
例句:Were it to rain,the crops would be saved.
如果下雨,庄稼就有救了。
例句:Had you come here,you would have met the film star.
你如果来的话就见到那位片子明星了。
例句:The witness was told that under no circumstances should he lie to the court.
被告诉,不管若何他都不该该向法庭撒谎。
5)so…that…的so呈现于句首时的部门倒装
在so…that…句式中,若是so指导的部门前置,主句中的主语和谓语需用部门倒装。
例句:So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.
他开车如斯粗心,差点把他本身害死了。
例句:So fast do you speak that I can hardly follow you.
他说得这么快我几近听不大白你在说甚么。
6)当so/neither/nor位于句首时,可将厥后与上面反复的谓语的一部门置于主语以前,组成部门倒装
例句:Mandy regards “Novecento” as Bertolucci’s best film and so do I.
曼迪认为《20世纪》是贝尔托卢奇(意大利闻名导演)最佳的片子,我也这么感觉。
例句:She has been to Norway and so have I.
她去过挪威,我也去过。
例句:-Beckworth can’t answer the question.
贝壳沃斯答复不上这个问题。
-Neither/Nor can Peter.
彼得也答复不上来。
例句:I haven’t heard of Professor White and neither/nor has Philip.
我没据说过怀特传授,菲利普也没据说过他。
注重:so位于句首时,具有三个前提才可以将主语和谓语部门倒装:
①so暗示“也”的意思;
②上句是简略地必定句;
③上句的主语和so指导的句子主语分歧。
So若是是作“是的,简直
”讲,则不倒装。
例句:I promised to buy my son a nice gift,and so I did.
我承诺给我的儿子买一件好礼品,我确切买了。
7)may暗示祝福时用部门倒装
may暗示祝福时,需将may放在主语前。
例句:May you have wonderful holiday!
祝你节日舒畅!
例句:May they live long.
祝他们长命。
例句:May you have a nice trip!
祝你旅途舒畅!
8)以as、though指导的妥协状语从句中的部门倒装
在as/though指导的妥协状语从句中,表语放在句首时,若主语是名词主语可以倒装,也能够不倒装。主语是代词时,不倒装。(as指导妥协状语从句时不成置于句首,应把作表语的形容词、名词、动词和副词提到as的前边。)
例句:Terrible as was the storm,we continued our way.
虽然风雪很大,但咱们继续赶路。
例句:Child though/as he was,he was able to stand on his own feet.
虽然他是孩子,他已可以或许自力糊口了。
例句:Search as they would,they could find nothing in the house.
虽然他们在搜查,但他们在屋子里甚么也没找到。
例句:Much as I should like to see you,I’m afraid you may find it inconvenient to come in this hot weather.
虽然我很是想见你,但生怕在如许热的气候里过来会很不便利。
02彻底倒装
把全部谓语提到主语前面就称为彻底倒装。重要有以下几种环境:
1)暗示地址、时候的副词放在句首时的全数倒装
暗示标的目的、地址和时候的副词in、out、down、up、off、back、away、over
there、there、now、then、here、first等放于句首,若主语是名词而不是代词时,则彻底倒装。
例句:Down come all of you.
你们都下来。
例句:Now comes your turn.
如今轮到你了。
例句:There stands an old pine tree on the top of the hill.
在山顶上有一颗古松。
例句:In came a girl,wearing a white skirt with two long pigtails.
来了一个小密斯,穿戴白色裙子,梳着长长的马尾辫。
2)暗示地址、时候、标的目的等的介词短语放在句首时的全数倒装
例句:In my heart was desire to live more dangerously.
我心里巴望一种加倍惊险的糊口。
例句:On the desk lie several literary classics.
桌上有几本文学名著。
例句:In front of the village runs a babbling brook.
村前流淌着一条潺潺的小溪。
3)分词短语置于句首时的全数倒装
例句Lying on the floor was a boy aged about twelve.
躺在地板上的是一个十二岁的小男孩。
例句:Running through the town is a stream named Peach Brook.’
一条名叫Peach Brook的小溪穿过了这个城镇。
例句:Seated in the front were the guests.
坐在前排的是客人。
例句:Hidden behind the door were some naughty children.
藏在门后的是几个狡猾的孩子。
4)“表语+系动词+主语”布局中的全数倒装
例句:Present at the meeting were experts on Psychology.
出席集会的是生理学方面的专家。
例句:Many and long were the conversations they held through the prison way.
在去牢狱的路上他们举行了屡次长谈。
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