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看点不论是走国际教诲线路的学生，仍是加入高考的学生，从小到多数一向在进修英语。那末，我们的高考英语，至关于甚么样的程度？下文将高考与托福测验举行了比拟，从辞汇量、能力品级、据说读写方面举行了周全比拟，发明二者的差别。最后，总结了“原版娃英语进修路径图”，以期助力学科进修、用英语看世界。
作者| 檩子 编纂| May
来历| 小花生网（ID:xiaohuasheng99）
比起高评语文，特别是高考作文，大师对高考英文的存眷度，仿佛低很多。为甚么，说来不少人不信赖。由于，对在走“原版线路”的孩子们，高考英语，其实算不上难啊～
听起来很“凡尔赛”，但这方面的真实例子，我们每一年都能看到很多。好比，近来几年高考竣事后，很多花友带着“玩一玩”的心态让自家孩子做做高考英语卷，成果“喜出望外”，体系体例内里小学最高档别英语测验，很多10岁上下的“原版娃”，就可以自若应付！
这么小的孩子，真的可以如斯轻松Hold住英语么？是孩子太牛，仍是测验太轻易？
答复这个问题前，先问大师一个问题：
你认为一个高中结业生，学了12+年英语，英语到达了甚么程度？
怎样权衡，一个可以参考的尺度是大师认识的托福测验。
大师晓得，孩子要去美国念书，必需要参考托福测验，这个测验重要测一个英语非母语的高中结业生可否在美国的大学用英语听懂、读懂、表达、交换学术内容。
甚么意思？就是可以顺操纵英语进修常识，世界前沿常识。
咱们会想，不管去不去留学，这就是孩子们辛辛劳苦学了12+年英语，要到达的根基方针啊！
若是这是一个使人憧憬的方针，那末高考英语，大要处于甚么水准？我们这就来看看。
起首，辞汇量
学英语、英语测验，大师第一想到的就是辞汇量这个“硬性指标”。高考英语VS托福，辞汇量相差几多？
高考英语的数据好找，在《平凡高中英语课程尺度》辞汇表的阐明里就有。
3500个！这就是高测验题的辞汇范畴。
划定很明白，包含小学、初中、高中三个阶段，一共是3000个单词，此外建议酌情增长200个单词。斟酌到这3000词中根基不含派生词，以是再加之经常使用派生词，到达3500词就足够了。
2017年版高中英语课程尺度辞汇量
也就是说，想要在高考英语里考到140+分以上，乃至靠近满分150分，应当把握的辞汇量尺度大要是3500词。（作为参考，钻研生入学测验英语测验纲领请求的辞汇量是5500个；而专门为英语专业学生而设的英语品级测验专八请求的辞汇是8000个摆布…）
托福是一个学术英语说话测试，重要考查在学术说话使命情况下的真实学术说话能力；简略来讲，就是考查学生是不是可以或许听懂大学里用全英语讲解的课程。
托福测验满分是120分，一般来讲，90分以上就已不错了，100分以上可以去美国名校了，110分以上已到达了全球大都黉舍的尺度。
没有官方的辞汇表，不外凡是都认为辞汇量请求在8000-10000摆布，是高考英语辞汇量的2-3倍。
经钻研，辞汇量和托福测验成就之间有“强相干”瓜葛，大要是如许：
辞汇量为9000的考生，托福测验成就大多集中在90-100分；
辞汇量为8000-7000的考生，成就大多集中在80-90分；
辞汇量为6000的考生，成就大多集中在70-80 分之间；
辞汇量为5000及如下的考生，成就大多集中在60-70分。
以高考辞汇量作为尺度，一个高考英语考到140分的学生（3500辞汇量），加入托福测验能很多少分呢？
应当低于60-70分，那末到底是几分呢？这个，仅仅看辞汇量，就不敷了。
参照能力品级去PK
还好，有靠谱的官方资料。
2018年，教诲部和国度说话文字事情委员会公布了《中国英语能力品级量表》，将英语能力从低到高划分为根本、提高和纯熟，共三个阶段、九个品级。
按照这个尺度，海内的学生在高中结业时，到达了第4级别，即：
能理解一般社交场所中常见话题的说话质料，捉住主题和重要内容，掌控重要究竟与概念，清晰别人的用意和立场。
能在认识的场所就认识的话题举行交换，论述事务成长、刻画事物状态，先容相干勾当，阐明事物要点，简略阐述小我概念等，表达较为正确、清楚、联贯。
也就是能根基理解他人在说甚么，能对话，能表达本身的设法。
好几种国际测验都和咱这能气力表做过对接。能力四级，至关于欧标A2-B1级（有英语根本了，中级起步），和剑桥PET测验程度差未几，也是托福、雅思测验的下限。
另有更切确的比照。托福的举行方ETS暗示，中国英语能力品级量表的4级到8级别离对应托福测验总成就的37分到101分。
也就是说，我们的高考英语满分150分，至关于托福测验40分摆布！
参照托福测验的百分位，40分对应的百分位只有3（也就是说，97%的人考的比你好！）
换句话说，若是托福考了40分，只是跨越了全世界3%的考生。看来，一起随着校内英语学了12年后，我们大部门孩子的英语能力还只是处于起步程度。
据说读写，周全比拟
提到英语能力，一般说的是听力、浏览、白话、写作四个方面的综合能力。
高考英语不太偏重对白话、听力的考查。
好比，白话测验是要另行放置时候举行的，凡是是报考外语专业的学生加入，并且不计入总分，只用作“参考”。
别的，部门省分不考听力；有的省分固然考听力，且占比30分，但不计入总分，英语笔试的120分会折合成150分。
从题量和分值上可以看出，重点考查的是浏览理解、语法和写作：
而托福测验是据说读写齐头并进的。
托福测验满分120分，由四部门构成，别离是浏览、听力、白话和写作。虽然题量和测验时长不尽不异，可是每部门的满分都是30分。也就是说，从分数比重上来讲，四方面能力是等同首要的。
2019年托福测验鼎新先后的题量和时长比拟
看看现实在考些甚么吧，感觉会更详细。下面是一些有代表性的真题，按据说读写的次序，我们一块儿看看同是高中结业生加入的测验，二者难度相差到底有多大。
一、听力难度差别
起首，看看高考英语的听力题。
这是本年天下乙卷的听力题。考卷里有10段音频。此中5段较短，考查的是平常对话，一问一答。
此外5段稍长的音频，听完一段质料后，要答复多个问题（关于奥运会的）：
总时长近20分钟，语速较慢，每段对话或独白可以听两遍。
固然，仍是看听力文本更直观。这一篇来自往年上海高考卷，在海内应当算是难度高的。学生们听完如许的质料，然后再做题。
2020年上海高考英语
这段质料说的是英国一都会规划在将来十年内莳植100万课树的事儿，但叙事法子、说话，感受比力“中国化”。
A city in England has started an ambitious plan to plant as many as 1 million trees every year for the next decade. The project is called the City of Trees. Project director Tony Brown explained that the green venture has three main aims. He said, “One is to plant a tree for every man, woman, and child over the next decade. Next, we are very much focused on bringing existing wood land into management because it doesn’t make any sense to plant new wood land if you can’t manage what you’ve got already.”…
再来看看托福测验的听力题。
听力质料里也有对话（conversation），好比这段，给大师看看对应的文本：
在这段对话里，学生来找传授聊本身在课上没听懂的内容。整段对话天然、流利，和校园里随时会产生的真实对话同样，措辞人会搁浅、语焉不详，还会有口误：
Narrator：Listen to a conversation between a student and a business professor.
ProfessorSo, Richard … what’s up?
StudentWell, I know we have a test coming up on chapters … uh …
ProfessorChapters 3 and 4 from your textbook …
StudentRight … 3 and 4. Well, I, uh … I didn’t get something you said in class Monday.
ProfessorAlright, do you remember what it was about?
StudentYeah, you were talking about a gym … a health club, where people can go to exercise … that kind of thing.
ProfessorOK. But the health-club model is actually from chapter 5, so …
这就是咱们常常说的要听懂“真实英语”（real life English）。比起传统教科书里一板一眼的对话，这类听力质料明显难多了。
另有一类听力质料是讲座（lecture），触及到大学里的各类科目，是以，不把握足够的学术辞汇是很惆怅关的！
好比，下面这个讲座片断就是来自一名地质学（geology）传授：
文本摆在这儿，读起来都坚苦，要在科场上边听边答复问题，挑战更大了。
Last time we started to talk about glaciers and how these masses of ice form from crystallized snow. And some of you were amazed at how huge some of these glaciers are. Now, even though it may be difficult to understand how a huge mass of ice can move—or flow, it’s another word for it—it’s really no secret that glaciers flow because of gravity. But how they flow, the way they flow needs some explaining. Now, the first type of glacier flow is called basal slip….
二者比拟，是否是感受听力难度，不在一个段位上？
二、白话难度差别
起首，看看高考英语的白话题。
第一部门，朗诵文章，考查发音…
第二部门，按照听到的一句话，做出快速回应。
句子都比力简略，好比问好、报歉等，简略的平常会话…
How are things with you?
I must apologize for my behavior yesterday….
第三部门，是请求学生按照情境提出两个问题。
好比，朋侪约请你一块儿去看演唱会，你有甚么想问他的呢？
One of your friends asks you to go to a concert with him. Ask him two questions about the concert….
也就是说，在全部白话测验里，我们的学生只要启齿说几句平常会话便可以了。
再来看看托福测验的白话题。
固然不是和真人面临面临话，可是托福测验的白话题也是出了名的难。
好比，就一件事变扣问你的概念，请说说看 “你认为爱冒险测验考试新事物好，仍是守旧点规避危害好呢”：
概念每小我均可以有，但考生必要给出详细的来由和例证，不然很难说服他人，好比你的传授…
筹备时候15秒，然后，你要说满45秒的时候… 大要要说几多个字呢，这是一篇范文，感觉一下：
I agree with the idea that children should be given homework on a daily basis.
First, homework helps children to remember their lessons for a much longer period of time. The only real way for young people to absorb a lesson is to actually go home and repeat it as much as possible. In the long run this leads to a lot more academic success.
Secondly, working together on school assignments gives children and parents a great opportunity to bond. For example, I got a lot of daily homework when I was in elementary school. Every evening I went home and worked on it with my mom and dad, and I asked them questions whenever I had trouble. As a result, 
we became really close.
125个字，一句话表白概念，然后是来由1、来由二…
范文照着读下来都要花些时候，更况且是要口头说出来，没有日常平凡大量的操练是很难做到的！
另有些标题请求考生先听一段对话，好比下面这段，一个男学生和一个女学生的对话：
然后，对这位男学生的概念和来由，举行总结阐明。
筹备时候30秒，60秒说完…
难怪都说白话测验是全部托福测验中最使考生头疼的一块，由于这不是会话，不是谈天，而是口头作文啊！
和高考英语的白话部门，不是一回事。
三、浏览难度差别
起首，看看高考英语的浏览题。
高考英语中，浏览能力测试是重点。一般来讲，总分150分里，浏览理解占45分。
比年来，高考英语试卷里多篇浏览文章来自外刊，难度不低，很多文章的蓝思值乃至都跨越了1000L！
甚么观点呢？咱来比照看看美邦本土黉舍各个年级学生应当到达的蓝思值：
从中可以看出，蓝思值1000L约莫是美国孩子7年级以上应当到达的浏览程度，至关于海内初中一年级。
好比，下面这篇关于race walking（赛跑）的文章，蓝思值就在1200-1300L之间：
2020年高考英语天下 I 卷
通篇321个字，学术辞汇未几，句型稍微繁杂，但单句其实不算长：
以上全文：
(上下滑动阅读)
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Su妹妹er Olympics is the 5
0-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are unco妹妹on among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
浏览难度固然不低，但篇幅不长，学生只需答复4个问题，包含段落意思、作者概念等：
再来看看托福测验的浏览题。
这一篇是平凡长度，在电脑上也是密密层层一大片，为了截屏，我得把字体调到很小才行：
全文685个字，先容了墨西哥一座知名古城，专业辞汇多到数不外来，一眼望曩昔都是希腊、罗马词根词缀，并且，根基上没有短句，根基设置装备摆设都是几十个单词：
以上全文：
(上下滑动阅读)
The Rise of Teotihuacán
The city of Teotihuacán, which lay about 50 kilometers northeast of modern-day Mexico City, began its growth by 200 –100 B.C. At its height, between about A.D. 150 and 700, it probably had a population of more than 125,000 people and covered at least 20 square kilometers. It had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large number of industrial workshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices, and a regular grid pattern of streets and buildings. Clearly, much planning and central control were involved in the expansion and ordering of this great metropolis. Moreover, the city had economic and perhaps religious contacts with most parts of Mesoamerica (modern Central America and Mexico).
How did this tremendous development take place, and why did it happen in the Teotihuacán Valley? Among the main factors are Teotihuacán’s geographic location on a natural trade route to the south and east of the Valley of Mexico, the obsidian1 resources in the Teotihuacán Valley itself, and the valley’s potential for extensive irrigation. The exact role of other factors is much more difficult to pinpoint — for instance, Teotihuacán’s religious significance as a shrine, the historical situation in and around the Valley of Mexico toward the end of the first millennium B.C., the ingenuity and foresightedness of Teotihuacán’s elite, and, finally, the impact of natural disasters, such as the volcanic eruptions of the late first millennium B.C.
This last factor is at least circumstantially implicated in Teotihuacán’s rise. Prior to 200 B.C., a number of relatively small centers coexisted in and near the Valley of Mexico. Around this time, the largest of these centers, Cuicuilco, was seriously affected by a volcanic eruption, with much of its agricultural land covered by lava. With Cuicuilco eliminated as a potential rival, any one of a number of relatively modest towns might have emerged as a leading economic and political power in Central Mexico. The archaeological evidence clearly indicates, though, that Teotihuacán was the center that did arise as the predominant force in the area by the first century A.D.
It seems likely that Teotihuacán’s natural resources—along with the city elite’s ability to recognize their potential — gave the city a competitive edge over its neighbors. The valley, like many other places in Mexican and Guatemalan highlands, was rich in obsidian. The hard volcanic stone was a resource that had been in great demand for many years, at least since the rise of the Olmecs (a people who flourished between 1200 and 400 B.C.), and it apparently had a secure market. Moreover, recent research on obsidian tools found at Olmec sites has shown that some of the obsidian obtained by the Olmecs originated near Teotihuacán. Teotihuacán obsidian must have been recognized as a valuable co妹妹odity for many centuries before the great city arose.
Long-distance trade in obsidian probably gave the elite residents of Teotihuacán access to a wide variety of exotic goods, as well as a relatively prosperous life. Such success may have attracted i妹妹igrants to Teotihuacán. In addition, Teotihuacán’s elite may have consciously attempted to attract new inhabitants. It is also probable that as early as 200 B.C. Teotihuacán may have achieved some religious significance and its shrine (or shrines) may have served as an additional population magnet. Finally, the growing population was probably fed by increasing the number and size of irrigated fields.
The picture of Teotihuacán that emerges is a classic picture of positive feedback among obsidian mining and working, trade, population growth, irrigation, and religious tourism. The thriving obsidian operation, for example, would necessitate more miners, additional manufacturers of obsidian tools, and additional traders to carry the goods to new markets. All this led to increased wealth, which in turn would attract more i妹妹igrants to Teotihuacán. The growing power of the elite, who controlled the economy, would give them the means to physically coerce people to move to Teotihuacán and serve as additions to the labor force. More irrigation works would have to be built to feed the growing population, and this resulted in more power and wealth for the elite.
文章这么长，可以考查不少点，足足有10道题：
部门标题
说话常识点、细节、修辞、概念等等，总之，考查浏览理解的方方面面。
标题摘录：
(上下滑动阅读)
In paragraph 1, each of the following is mentioned as a feature of the city of Teotihuacán between A.D. 150 and 700 EXCEPT:
The word “ingenuity” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to:
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 as a main factor in the development of Teotihuacán?
What can be inferred from paragraph 3 about Cuicuilco prior to 200 B.C.?
Which of the following allowed Teotihuacán to have “a competitive edge over its neighbors”?
According to paragraph 4, what has recent research on obsidian tools found at Olmecsites shown?
Select the TWO answer choices that are mentioned in paragraph 5 as being features of Teotihuacán that may have attracted i妹妹igrants to the city. To receive credit, you must select TWO answers.
In paragraph 6, the author discusses “The thriving obsidian operation,” in order to:
有人对托福浏览测验做了蓝思值测试，发明绝大部门文章的蓝思值在1200L至1500L之间。
这么看来，从蓝思值来讲，高考英语和托福文章的浏览难度差距其实不算很大。不外因为托福文章学术性更强、篇幅更长、标题更难，是以难度上仍是比高考超过跨过不少。
四、写作难度差别
先来看看高考英语的写作题。
漫笔改错，标题请求是用中文写的，要点窜的文章比高考英语浏览部门的文章简略不少：
2022年高考英语天下甲卷
书面表达，也就是写作题，请求学生环抱一个主题，写出100字摆布的漫笔：
2022年高考英语天下甲卷
这是一篇范文。学生只要用比力根本的单词和句型，把意思表达清晰便可以了。
再来看看托福测验的写作题。
和托福白话测验雷同，请求考生先看一篇文章，或是先听一段话，或，就是按照一个问题，来表白概念、摆列证据：
固然是孩子们从初中就起头写的论说文，但要在二三十分钟的时候内，写出下面如许一篇三四百字、有理有据的学术性文章，挑战仍是很大的：
可以看出，高考英语考的是根基英语书面表达能力，而托福加倍偏重考查学术写作能力，究竟结果进入大学后学生必要完成各类各样的essays …
高中结业前
若何到达“抱负程度”？
做了这么多比拟，如今可以答复文章开首的这个问题了：小学都没结业的孩子，做英语高考题为什么能轻松拿高分、乃至满分？是孩子太牛，仍是测验太轻易？
7岁男孩昊昊天下I卷125分里患了101.5分，浙江卷110分里患了87分（不含作文）。花友@榴妈 的二年级女儿也用天下I卷自测，除作文外，得102分。
谜底应当是，两个身分都有：对学的得法的孩子（号称“原版娃”，他们的英语进修效力与程度，和同龄孩子比拟，遥遥领先。）高考英语确切不难。
究竟上，每一个“原版娃”都是“英语牛娃”。这条线路上的乐成案例，咱们已分享过不少 …
总结他们的现实进修案例，可以总结出如许一张“原版娃英语进修路径图”。
简略来讲，从4-5岁发蒙到英语彻底过关 （据说读写自由，交换表达无停滞，辞汇量过万，可以在全英语情况放学习），大要10年摆布时候，这比咱们昔时花16年 （12年中小学+4年大学）学成“哑吧英语”要强太多！
对付这些孩子，高中结业前的英语程度，特别在听力、浏览上，是可以直接追平母语孩子的，托福测验不在话下，若是有留学筹算，考SAT， ACT等美邦本土大学测验，也会比力顺遂。
若是孩子在高中结业之际，可以或许得到如许的英语能力，或能到达根基经由过程托福测验的程度，则不管留不留学，城市是一个比力抱负的地步。正如花友@youyou西木成林所说：
“到了这个程度和年级，学英语已不是咱们的重要方针了，若何用英语看向世界、助力学科进修，才是咱们这个阶段的重点。”
简直，让孩子花这么多时候学英语，目标不就是“和世界对接么？”
而仅仅在高考中拿个好成就，不但是不敷用，也对不起这么多年的时候支出啊～
是时辰反思我们的英语进修方针、进修方法了。
存眷外滩教诲
发明优良教诲
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