1. If 前提句中谓语动词的虚拟布局是在本来报告语气所历时态的根本上倒退一个时态(对未来虚拟的were to do/should do破例)
2. 主句要借助于情态动词的曩昔式,后跟动词真相(@如%3i542%今或未%Z6g3w%来@)或have done(曩昔);if前提句中只呈现一个情态动词,即对未来虚拟的should.
3.做此类标题时必定要分清是从句仍是主句谓语动词的虚拟,还要掌控好时态。
注重:1. 在虚拟前提从句中,动词“be”的曩昔时态一概用”were”,不消was。
2. 在虚拟前提状语中若是有were, should, had这三个词中任何一个,可省略if,把这三个词提到主语以前, 酿成:were/should/had +主语+残剩成份。
3.在虚拟前提状语从句中,省略连词的倒装情势的句首不克不及用动词的缩略情势。如咱们可说Were I not to do., 而不克不及说Weren‘t I to do。
4.在暗示与未来究竟相反的前提句中,只能用should,而不克不及用would,could和might 等。
5.主句中的should通经常使用于第一人称,would,could和might可以用于各类人称
eg :
① If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.
若是我是一只小鸟,我就可以在空中飞翔。
② I wish I could pass the examination.
我但愿我能经由过程测验。
在虚拟前提句中,对付与未来究竟相反的情景,请注重如下几点:
(1) 前提从句暗示的内容与未来究竟相反,实为对未来环境的猜测,用曩昔时暗示虚拟;
(2) 前提从句谓语除用曩昔式外,有时也用“should+动词真相(暗示可能性极小,常译为“万一”)”或“were to+动词真相(暗示与未来究竟相反的假如)”;
(3) 前提从句利用“should+动词真相”如许的谓语情势时,主句谓语除可用“should (would, could, might)+动词真相”如许的虚拟语气情势外,也可用直陈语气或祈使语气。试比力:
If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 万一来日诰日下雨,就不要等我了。(祈使语气)
If I should see him, I’ll tell him. 万一我见到他,我就奉告他。(直陈语气)
当前提从句的主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词如果系动词be时,可用were取代was。出格是在倒装虚拟布局及if I were you, as it were中,只能用were。如:
Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad.
如果我还年青十岁的话,我会去外洋进修。
If I were you, I would try to grasp the chance. 如果我是你的话,我要极力捉住此次机遇。
有时虚拟前提句中,主、从句的动作若不是同时产生时,即错综时候虚拟前提句。所谓错综时候虚拟前提句即前提从句与主句所指时候纷歧致,如从句指曩昔,而主句即指的是@如%3i542%今或未%Z6g3w%来@,此时应按照详细的语境环境,连系上面提到的三种根基类型对时态作响应的调解。详细分为下面三种环境:
① 从句的动作与曩昔究竟相反,而主句的动作与@如%3i542%今或如%3i542%今@正在产生的究竟不符。如:
If they had informed us, we would not come here now.
若是他们通知过咱们的话,咱们如今就不会来这里了。
② 从句的动作与如今究竟相反,而主句的动作与曩昔究竟不符。如:
If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 如果他熟悉她的话,他必定会去问候她了。
③ 从句的动作与曩昔产生的环境相反,而主句的动作与如今正在产生的环境相反。如:
If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now.
如果他事情一向尽力的话,他如今已进了办公室了。
当虚拟前提句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时,if可省略,而将were, should, had等词置于句首。如:
Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 如果他承诺去的话,咱们就派他去。
Were she here, she would agree with us. 若是她在这儿的话,她会赞成咱们的。
Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.
若是她懂一些电脑常识的话,咱们会已聘任他来这里事情了。
有时句子没有直接给出假如环境的前提,而须经由过程上下文或其他方法来果断。如:
I would have come to see you, but I was too busy. 我本该来看你了,但是我太忙了。
But forhis help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮忙,咱们还会在事情呢。
But thatI saw it, I wouldn’t have believed it. 要不是我亲眼目击,我还不信呢。
Withoutyour instruction, I would not have made such great progress.
如果没有你的引导,我不会获得如斯大的前进。
【注重】but for后接sth,but that后接从句。
有时虚拟前提句中,主、从句可省略此中一个,来暗示措辞人的一种强烈的豪情。如:
① 省略从句
He would have finished it. 他本该完成为了。
You could have passed this exam. 你应当会经由过程此次测验了。
② 省略主句
If I were at home now. 如果我如今在家里该多好啊。
If only I had got it. 如果我获得它了该多好啊。
两个常考if虚拟语气句型。
这两个句型是If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…,其意为“若不是(有)、要不是有”,可以用But for或Without介词短语更换。如:
If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow. 如果没有水植物就没法发展。
If it hadn’t been for your assistance, we wouldn’t have succeeded.
= But foryour assistance, we wouldn’t have succeeded.
= Withoutyour assistance, we wouldn’t have succeeded.
2、虚拟语气的其它句型:
一、wish后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气
▲ 根基用法:动词wish后接宾语从句时,从句谓语要用虚拟语气。
① 若要暗示与如今究竟相反的欲望,从句谓语用一般曩昔时或曩昔举行时;
② 若暗示与曩昔相反的欲望,从句谓语用曩昔完成时或would / could+have +曩昔分词;
③ 若暗示未来没有掌控或不太可能实现的欲望,用would (could)+动词真相。
出格注重 从句的时态只与从句所指的时候有关,而与wish的时态无关。比力:
I wish I were rich. 如果我如今有钱就行了。
I wish I had been rich. 如果当时我有钱就行了。
I wished I were rich. 那时我懊悔本身没有钱。
I wished I had been rich. 那时我懊悔本身曾没有钱。
二、if only后面的句子用虚拟语气
▲ 根基用法:if only 与 I wish同样,也用于暗示与究竟相反的欲望,厥后所虚拟语气的时态与wish后所接时态的环境不异。如:
If only she had had more courage! 她再英勇一些就行了。
If only I had listened to my parents! 我如果那时听了怙恃的话就行了。
If only she would go with me! 她如果愿意和我一道去就行了!
出格注重 if only 凡是自力利用,后面直接跟句子,没有主句(现实上主句省略了)。
三、as if (though) 从句用虚拟语气
▲ 根基用法:以as if (as though) 指导的方法状语从句或表语从句,有时用虚拟语气。
① 若暗示与如今究竟相反,谓语动词用一般曩昔时;
② 若暗示与曩昔究竟相反,用曩昔完成时;
③ 暗示未来的可能性不大,用would (might, could)+动词真相。如:
He acts as if he knew me. 他显得熟悉我似的。
They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如目生人。
He talks as if he had been abroad. 他提及话来仿佛曾出过国。
出格注重 (1) 从句所暗示的内容若为究竟或可能为究竟,也可用报告语气。如:
It looks as if we’ll be late. 咱们彷佛要迟到了。
(2) 注重 It isn’t as if…的翻译。如:
It isn’t as if he were poor. 他不像穷的模样(或他又不穷)。
【总结】wish, if only, as if后面的虚拟语气有三种情势:若暗示与如今究竟相反,谓语动词用一般曩昔时;若暗示与曩昔究竟相反,用曩昔完成时;暗示未来的可能性不大,用would (might, could)+动词真相。
四、It’s (high/about) time后的从句用虚拟语气
▲ 根基用法:从句谓语通经常使用曩昔式暗示@如%3i542%今或未%Z6g3w%来@,有时也用曩昔举行时或“should+动词真相 (较少见,且should不克不及省略)”,其意为“(早)该干某事了”。如:
It’s time we went [were going, should go]. 咱们该走了。
【注重1】It’s time I was in bed. 我该上床睡了。(此处不消were,用was表状况;若是暗示“是”的意思时用were.)
【注重2】 It’s (high/about) time——“该是——的时辰了”,暗示未来动作的虚拟语气,用“should+动词真相”,should不成以省略。
五、would rather后句子用虚拟语气
▲ 根基用法:在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的that从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟语气,其意为“甘愿做甚么”,详细用法为:
① 一般曩昔时暗示@如%3i542%今或未%Z6g3w%来@的欲望;
I’d rather you went tomorrow (now). 我甘愿你来日诰日(如今)去。
② 用曩昔完成时表曩昔的欲望。
I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 我真但愿你没有如许说过。
【注重】would rather后的虚拟语气有二种情势。
趁便触及一下:Only 位于句首的倒装句
Only in this way can you learn English well. 只有如许你才能学好英语。
3、宾语从句中的虚拟语气句型:
9种类型的动词后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气,厥后的虚拟语气唯一一种情势:should+动词真相。
▲ 暗示“对峙请求”后的宾语从句
主如果指insist的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词真相”组成,此中的should在美国英语中凡是可以省略。如:
I insisted that he (should) stay. 我对峙要他留下。
【注重】动词insist后接宾语从句时,除可用虚拟语气外,也可用报告语气,二者的区分是:若谓语动词所暗示的动作还没有产生,或还没有成为究竟,意思是“对峙请求”,则用虚拟语气;若谓语动词所暗示的动作已产生,或已成为究竟,意思是“对峙认为”,则要用报告语气。比力:
He insisted that I had read his letter. 他对峙说我看过他的信。
He insisted that I should read his letter. 他对峙要我看他的信。
▲ 暗示“号令”后的宾语从句
主如果指order, co妹妹and的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词真相”组成,此中的should在美国英语中凡是可以省略。如:
He ordered that it (should) be sent back. 他号令把它送归去。
▲ 暗示“建议”后的宾语从句
主如果指advise, suggest, propose, reco妹妹end等的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词真相”组成,此中的should在美国英语中凡是可以省略。如:
He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议咱们早点出发。
【注
重】与动词insist类似,动词suggest后接宾语从句时,除可用虚拟语气外,也可用报告语气,二者的区分也是:若谓语动词所暗示的环境还没有成为究竟,则用虚拟语气,此时suggest凡是译为“建议”;若谓语动词所暗示的环境为既成究竟,则要用报告语气,此时的suggest凡是译为“表白、认为、表示”。比力:
He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建议咱们留下用饭。
I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我感觉你与二心照不宣。
▲ 暗示“请求”后的宾语从句
主如果指ask, demand, require, request等后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词真相”组成,此中的should在美国英语中凡是可以省略。如:
I ask that he leave. 我请求他走开。
He requires that I (should) appear. 他请求我进场。
▲ 暗示“提议、投票”后的宾语从句
主如果指move, vote等后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词真相”组成,此中的should在美国英语中凡是可以省略。如:
I move that we accept the proposal. 我提议经由过程这项提案。
▲ 暗示“鞭策”后的宾语从句
主如果指动词urge后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词真相”组成,此中的should在美国英语中凡是可以省略。如:
He urged that they go to Europe. 他鞭策他们到欧洲去。
▲ 暗示“放置”后的宾语从句
主如果指动词arrange后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词真相”组成,此中的should在美国英语中凡是可以省略。如:
He arranged that I should go
abroad. 他放置我去外洋。
▲ 暗示“但愿、筹算”后的宾语从句
主如果指动词desire, intend后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词真相”组成,此中的should在美国英语中凡是可以省略。如:
She desires that he do it. 她但愿他做此事。
▲ 暗示“批示”后的宾语从句
主如果指动词direct后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词真相”组成,此中的should在美国英语中凡是可以省略。如:
The general directed that the prisoners should be set free. 将军批示开释那些俘虏。
4、主语从句中的虚拟语气句型:
以it作情势主语,在“It be+adj.+that+从句”布局中暗示号令、号令、请求、可惜等豪情时,that指导的主语从句用“should+动词真相”的虚拟语气。常见的形容词有:It is necessary, important, strange, natural, advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative (绝对需要), impossible, improper, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, reco妹妹ended, urgent, vital etc.; It is a pity; It isrequested/suggested/desired/proposed; It worries me that等。如:
▲ It’s important…类
这一类型重要包含It is (was) important (necessary, desirable, imperative, advisable)that. . .句型。It is impossible that he should go home. 他不成能会回家去。
▲ It’s a pity…类
It is a pity that she should fare so badly. 她竟吃得这么差,真可怜。
▲ It’s desired…类
这类主语从句还经常使用在It is (was) desired (suggested, settled, proposed, requested, decided, etc. ) that…句型。
It is requested that a vote be taken. 建议付诸表决。
▲ It worries me that…
It worries me that we should be blamed for that. 咱们竟要受求全真让人懊恼。
5、表语从句/同位语从句中的虚拟语气句型:
在advice, agreement, co妹妹and, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation, suggestion, idea, plan, order等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,厥后的虚拟语气用“should+动词真相”的布局。如:
Our suggestion is that you(should)be the first to go. 咱们的建议是你应当第一个去。
6、 for fear that(以避免), in case(以防)指导的目标状语从句中的虚拟语气句型:
在 lest, for fear that(以避免), in case(以防)指导的目标状语从句顶用布局“should+动词真相”暗示虚拟语气,should 可以省略。如:
She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in.
她又把门查抄了一遍,以防响马的进入。
Keep quiet in case you(should)interrupt him when he is busy. 要连结恬静,以防打搅他。
7、妥协状语从句中的虚拟语气句型:
(1) 在even if, even though 所指导的妥协状语从句中,有时可用虚拟语气,主句、从句的布局与if所指导的前提从句布局不异。如:
Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即便他亲身来也不知该怎样办。
Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即便华佗活着也救不了他。
(2) 在whatever, whichever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, no matter wh-word 等指导的妥协状语从句中,从句虚拟语气布局为:
① may +动词真相(指@如%3i542%今或未%Z6g3w%来@)。如:
We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen.
无论产生甚么事,咱们都要定时完成。
We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 不管他在哪里,咱们都要找到他。
I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 无论他来的何等晚,我城市等他。
② may +完成式(指曩昔),主句布局不限。如:
You mustn’t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made.
无论你取患了何等大的前进,你也不克不及自豪。
We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made.
无论他犯过甚么毛病,咱们必需尊重他。
(3) 在though, although等指导的妥协状语从句中,从句虚拟语气布局为 should +动词真相,主句布局不限。如:
Although / Though he should often be late, he is a good student.
虽然他常常迟到,他仍是个勤学生。
Although / Though he should be secretary, he must obey the rules.
虽然他是布告,他也必需遵照划定。
8、缘由状语从句中的虚拟语气句型:
以be+amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, upset等后面的状语从句中经常使用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的布局为:
① should + 真相动词(指@如%3i542%今或未%Z6g3w%来@)。如:
He was angry that you should call him by name. 他很朝气,你居然对他直呼其名。
② should + 完成式(指曩昔)。如:
I’m very sorry that you should have failed the exam. 我很遗憾,你此次测验居然失败了。
I was very surprised that father should have known what I did yesterday.
我很受惊,父亲竟晓得我昨天所做的事变。
虚拟语气常识系统
if前提句中的虚拟语气
名词性从句中的虚拟语气